• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to introduce strip croppings fur decreasing the damage of the continuous com cultivation at the experimental field of Grassland and Forage Crops division, National Livestock Research Institute from 1999 to 2000. Introduced mps for strip cropping to the continuously com cultivated field were red clover (RC), alfalfa(AL), and mixture of grass md legume. Fall panicum(FP), which is one of warm season's weeds was focused on its emerged quantity in com field changed by the level of soil water content and degree of the continuous corn cultivation. The ranges of yearly gained forage fresh yields including weeds like mainly FP were 119.4 ${\~}$ 169.6 in the continuous cultivation with com and rye and 64.9 ${\~}$ 83.3 ton / ha in the corn mono-cropping. Meanwhile, the percentages of pure com in continuous com cultivation plot were only $31-38\%$. This was for the mainly emergence of FP in the continuously com cultivated field. The ranges of average fresh yield of emerging FP were 45.6${\~}$63.4 ton/ ha in the continuously com cultivated field which were over the ranges of yields of rye, 28.2 ${\~}$ 41.6 ton/ ha. The dry matter yields of red clover, alfalfa and mixture with grass and legume introduced for strip cropping were 10.2, 10.6 and 10.6 ton / ha, respectively and these were about the 1/4 average fresh com yield. After strip cropping of red clover, alfalfa and mixture with grass and legume, the yields of corn increased to 56, 82, 88 and 79 ton / ha, respectively and com yield was much better in the alfalfa strip cropping.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2015

Purpose: The accelerometer is a tool for evaluating walking by the displacement of the center of mass (COM) in the body. Recently, smartphones have added an accelerometer app, and it can be used to evaluate outcomemanures in rehabilitation. The purpose of this study was to investigate the COM in the bodies of normal persons and stroke patients using this smartphone application while walking. Methods: Twenty normal persons and twenty-two stroke patients were recruited and had their COM measured using G-walk and the smartphone application, SMAP, during 10 m walking. Subjects repeated the 10 m of walking 3 times, and we used the SMAP, Accelerometer Monitor ver. 1.5.0, to evaluate COM during the walk. To measure the displacement of COM, we used the difference in value between the maximal angle and the minimum anterior-posterior (AP), mediolateral (ML), and rotational angles during the walk. Results: For the normal persons, there was significant correlation between the AP and AP of SMAP, and was also a significant correlation between rotational angle and the ML of SMAP. In the stroke patients, there was significant correlation between AP and ML, and the rotational angle of SMAP. Conclusion: Our research results suggest that if the SMAP system is reinforced in the case of patients who have a greater displacement of COM, it may be used as an evaluation tool during walking.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.153-166
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate time of the phase, angle of the right ankle, knee, and hip joint, lateral angle of the trunk, mediolateral displacement of COM, and vertical displacement of COM between two groups while executing grand battement $jet{\acute{e}}$ $\acute{a}$ la seconde in a center exercise setting through 3D video analysis. The subjects participated in this study were skilled and unskilled 6 female ballet majors in Busan, respectively. The conclusions are as follows: 1. The time of the phase 2 was faster than P3. It shows a significant difference(p<.05) for P1 and P4 between skilled and unskilled groups 2. The angle of He right ankle joint has a significant difference(p<.05) at E4 between skilled and unskilled groups. The angle of the right knee joint has no significant difference at all events between skilled and unskilled groups. The angle of the right hip joint has a significant difference(p<.001) at E3 between skilled and unskilled groups. 3. The lateral angle of the trunk has a significant difference(p<.05) at E1 and at E5 between skilled and unskilled groups. The skilled group of the lateral angle of the trunk was lower than the unskilled group. However the skilled group's lateral angle of the trunk was bigger than the unskilled group at E3. It has significant difference(p<.001) at E3 between skilled and unskilled groups. 4. The mediolateral displacement of COM has no significant difference at all events between skilled and unskilled groups. The vertical displacement of COM has a significant difference(p<.01) at E3 between skilled and unskilled groups.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.37 no.5 s.113
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• pp.70-77
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• 2005

The development of printable Hanji is regarded as an important work to create a new demand of Hanji in information-oriented era. Hanji has rougher surface, huger absorption of ink and lower optical properties and printabilities than common printing papers. Improving those shortcomings of Hanji is required to be printable Hanji. Sizing and calendering have known as a way to make properties of paper good. Accordingly, this research was performed to find out useful sizing agents for reforming its drawbacks. Four sizing agents (CMC, com starch, PVA, AKD) were used in this research. The optical properties and the printabilities of sized Hanji were tested. The obtained results were as follows. Based on concentration, each sizing agent was prepared. These were CMC(0.5, 1, $1.5\%$), corn starch(1, 2, $3\%$), PVA(1, 5, $10\%$), AKD(0.5, 0.1, $0.15\%$) respectively. After sizing, we performed calendering treatment with pressure of 0.5, $1\;kgf/cm^2$. All the sizing agents and calendering treatment improved the properties of Hanji to some extent. Particularly, com starch was good for gloss. In case of printability, $1\%$ AKD with $1\;kgf/cm^2$ was recommendable for typography ink density, $3\%$ com starch with $0.5\;kgf/cm^2$, inkjet ink density, $2\%$ com starch with $0.5\;kgf/cm^2$, inkjet ink girth. PVA and AKD without calendering were counter-effective agents for inkjet ink density. Printable Hanji is required to have not only better surface strength enough to appear non-picking, higher ink density and lower show-through than base paper but also the lowest ink girth in comparison with base paper. When referring to them, efficient sizing agents were regarded as $0.1\%$ AKD with $1\;kgf/cm^2$, calender pressure, for typography printing and $2\%$ com starch with $0.5\;kgf/cm^2$, calender pressure, for inkjet printing.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.191-197
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: Autophagy is known to be associated with pathogen infection. However, the expression of autophagy-related proteins has not been studied in chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma (COM) or with cholesteatoma (CholeOM). This study aimed to determine whether there is a difference between COM and CholeOM in autophagy-related gene mRNA expression. Subjects and Methods: For 47 patients with chronic otitis media, the inflammatory tissues were classified into granulation tissue (COM) or cholesteatoma (CholeOM) according to biopsy results. Results: PI3K mRNA expression (COM vs. CholeOM, mean±SD, 0.009±0.010 vs. 0.003±0.004; p=0.004) was lower, whereas Beclin-1 mRNA expression (0.089±0.107 vs. 0.176±0.163; p=0.034) was higher in the CholeOM group. Expression of PI3K mRNA in the CholeOM group was lower than that in the COM subgroups with presence of bacteria (0.022±0.019 vs. 0.001±0.001; p=0.001), otorrhea (0.049±0.068 vs. 0.003±0.004; p=0.004), and hearing loss over 40 dB (0.083±0.130 vs. 0.003±0.004; p=0.005). Conclusions: The data suggested that different autophagy proteins play important roles in chronic otitis media according to the presence or absence of cholesteatoma.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.191-197
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• 2020

Background and Objectives: Autophagy is known to be associated with pathogen infection. However, the expression of autophagy-related proteins has not been studied in chronic otitis media without cholesteatoma (COM) or with cholesteatoma (CholeOM). This study aimed to determine whether there is a difference between COM and CholeOM in autophagy-related gene mRNA expression. Subjects and Methods: For 47 patients with chronic otitis media, the inflammatory tissues were classified into granulation tissue (COM) or cholesteatoma (CholeOM) according to biopsy results. Results: PI3K mRNA expression (COM vs. CholeOM, mean±SD, 0.009±0.010 vs. 0.003±0.004; p=0.004) was lower, whereas Beclin-1 mRNA expression (0.089±0.107 vs. 0.176±0.163; p=0.034) was higher in the CholeOM group. Expression of PI3K mRNA in the CholeOM group was lower than that in the COM subgroups with presence of bacteria (0.022±0.019 vs. 0.001±0.001; p=0.001), otorrhea (0.049±0.068 vs. 0.003±0.004; p=0.004), and hearing loss over 40 dB (0.083±0.130 vs. 0.003±0.004; p=0.005). Conclusions: The data suggested that different autophagy proteins play important roles in chronic otitis media according to the presence or absence of cholesteatoma.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.82-87
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• 2001

A study was performed to establish detection methods by viscometric and pulsed photostimulated luminescence (PPSL) methods for irradiated com powder. Viscosity was determined using a Brookfield DV-rotation viscometer at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and operated at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 210 rpm. All irradiated samples showed a decrease in Viscosity with increasing stirring speeds (rpm) and irradiation doses. Treatments at 1~3 kGy significantly decreased the viscosity. The photon counts of irradiated corn powder were measured by PPSL immediately after irradiation and exhibited an increase with increasing irradiation dose. The photon counts of irradiated com powder almost disappeared with lapse of time in room conditions, but detection of irradiation was still possible after one month at darkroom conditions. Consequently, these results suggest that the detection of irradiated com powder is possible by both viscometric and PPSL methods.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.733-740
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• 2016

To achieve bipedal walking in real human environments, a bipedal robot should be capable of modifiable walking both on uneven terrain with different heights and on flat terrain. In this paper, a novel walking pattern generator based on a 3-D linear inverted pendulum model (LIPM) is proposed to achieve this objective. By adopting a zero moment point (ZMP) variation scheme in real time, it is possible to change the center-of-mass (COM) position and the velocity of the 3-D LIPM throughout the single support phase. Consequently, the proposed method offers the ability to generate a modifiable pattern for walking on uneven terrain without the necessity for any extra footsteps to adjust the COM motion. In addition, a control strategy for bipedal walking on uneven terrain with unknown height is developed. The torques and ground reaction force are measured through force-sensing resisters (FSRs) on each foot and the foot of the robot is modeled as three virtual spring-damper models for the disturbance compensation. The methods for generating the foot and vertical COM of 3-D LIPM trajectories are proposed to achieve modifiable bipedal walking on uneven terrain without any information regarding the height of the terrain. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed through dynamic simulations.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.151-154
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to compare the agronomic characteristics and productivity of introduced crimson clover cultivars at paddy field of Naju(Jeollanam-Do Agricultural Research and Extension) from 2004 to 2006. The crimson clover cultivars used in this study were 4 varieties('Oregon com.' 'Tibbee', 'Contea', 'Linkarus') The fastest flowering variety was chinese milk vetch, while 'Linkarus' was the latest one as of as 5th May. The average dry matter(DM) content was 24.3% and crude protein(CP) content was 14.9%. 'Oregon com.' showed the highest CP content of 18.3% among crimson clover and Chinese milk vetch showed the highest CP content by 19.3%. Average acid detergent fiber(ADF), neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and total digestible nutrient(TDN) content were 35.1%, 45.3% and 58.9%, respectively. With by the winter hardness the productivity of crimson clover cultivars were severely various. Linkarus showed the highest DM yield with 6,986kg/ha but the DM yield of 'Tibbee' and 'Oregon com.' was low by 3,639 kg/ha and 1,980kg/ha, respectively. The results of this experiments indicated that the productivity of crimson clover cultivar varied from winter hardness, therefore we will consider the winter hardness as major factor when introducing crimson clover cultivars into Korea. According to the results obtained from this study, it is suggested that 'Linkarus' would be recommendable for fall sown crimson clover for dry matter production.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.115-122
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of the seeding and harvesting dates on the growth characteristics, dry matter yield and quality of com for silage in alpine area(altitude 800m a.s.l.) of National Livestock Research Institute from 2001 to 2002. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with three replications. Main plots consisted of three seeding dates, 10 May, 20 May and 30 May. Sub plots consisted of harvesting dates, 15 September, 25 September and 5 October. Tassel height of com was decreased with seeding dates, 30 May, 10 May and 20 May in order, and harvesting date of 5 October was apt to be high. Ear height of com was decreased with seeding dates, 20 May, 30 May, and 10 May in order, and harvesting date of 15 September was the lowest of all treatments. Ear rate of com was decreased with late seeding dates, and it was the highest with harvesting date of 5 October. Dry matter yield was decreased with late seeding dates(P<0.05), and it was increased with late harvesting regardless of seeding dates(P<0.05). Crude protein content of com stover was increased with late seeding dates, and that of com ear was the highest with seeding date of 20 May. And crude protein contents of com stover and ear were the highest with harvesting date of 15 September. NDF contents of com stover and ear were the highest with seeding date of 10 May and 20 May, respectively, and NDF content of com stover was the highest with seeding date of 10 May and there was no difference among treatments in NDF content of ear. ADF content of com stover was 42.1 to 42.6% regardless of seeding dates, and that of com ear was the highest with seeding date of 30 May. ADF content of com stover and ear was increased with early harvesting date excepting for harvesting date of 20 May. These results indicate that 20 May and 25 September would be the optimum seeding date and harvesting date, respectively, for dry matter yield and nutritive value of silage com in alpine area.