• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.125-130
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• 2021

축산 스마트팜의 구현이 사물인터넷 기술이 발전함에 따라 더욱 효율적으로 이루어질 수 있게 되었다. IoT 기술을 이용한 소의 질병 및 발정을 판단하여 자동적으로 소의 관리자 스마트폰으로 그 판단 결과를 푸시메지시로 알려주면 유용한 축산관리 시스템 구축이 가능해진다. 소의 질병 및 발정시기를 판단하는 방식은 온도센서 및 3축가속도 센서를 이용하여 가축의 생체데이터를 수집하여 IoT 통신과 인터넷을 이용해서 서버로 데이터를 전송하고 이 데이터는 인공지능 머신러닝 학습에 의해 이루어진다. 본 논문에서는 이와 같은 사물인터넷 기반 소관리 시스템을 구축하기 위한 전체 시스템 구조를 보여준다. 또한 객체지향방법을 이용한 사용자 요구사항 분석과 플로우차트 및 화면 설계를 보여줌으로써 이 시스템 소프트웨어를 개발하기 위한 효율적인 분석 및 설계 방법을 제시한다.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제44권11호
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• pp.965-972
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• 2016

유도형 탄약은 비행속도 증가를 이용한 기존의 사거리 증가 방식과 다르게 정밀 유도제어를 사거리 연장 및 정밀 타격하는 기술을 기반으로 한다. 고회전으로 상승하는 탄은 탄도 정점에서 후미 날개를 전개하여 회전을 감소하고, 최종적으로 회전을 제거한 후 비행하게 된다. 주 날개 전개 전 탄체 뒤집힘 감지를 위하여 자세 추정이 요구되는데, 회전 감속 중에서는 일정한 회전을 가정한 기존의 유도무기 자세 추정 기법을 사용할 수 없다. 또한, 비행 시에는 횡축 가속도를 제어하기 때문에 중력 가속도 성분을 기반으로 하는 일반적인 무인기의 자세 추정 기법은 큰 오차를 발생한다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 저속 회전 및 비행 중 자세추정기법을 제시하고, 무인기에 탑재하여 비행 실험을 통해 검증하였다. 저속 회전 중 자세 추정 기법은 롤 각을 상태변수로 갖는 칼만 필터 형태로 구성하였다. 비행 시 자세 추정 기법은 사원수를 이용한 곱연산 확장형 칼만 필터를 기반으로 하며, 가속도 측정치가 중력 가속도뿐만 아니라 선회에 의한 구심력을 포함하도록 측정 모델을 개선하였다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 1997

이 연구의 목적은 진동대를 사용한 지진모의 기술의 현상황을 살펴보고 그의 신뢰성을 검토하는 것이다. 1자유도 및 3자유도 알루미늄 전단구조 모델이 사용되었으며, $4m{\times}4m$ 6자유도 진동대가 1940 El centro 지진 가속도 기록(NS요소)를 재현하기 위해 수평 1방향으로 흔들어졌다. 진동대의 실제 가속도 이력과 목표 가속도 이력을 비교할 때, 전반적인 이력은 매우 흡사했으나 실제 진동의 저 주파수 영역은 목표치보다 후리에 변환 강도에서 낮은 값을 대체로 나타내고 있었다. 자유진동 및 백색파 실험은 고유주파수에 대해서는 거의 일치하는 값을 나타내고 있으나 감쇠계수에 대해서는 자유진동실험의 경우 1.4%, 백색파실험의 경우 14.8%를 나타내어 큰 차이를 보여주고 있다. 층 전단력 대 층간변위의 이력곡선으로부터 전제적으로 선형탄성거동을 나타내고 있으나 이 이력곡선의 모습이 층 강성을 한축으로 하는 타원형을 나타내어 점성감쇠의 영향을 암시하고 있다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.357-365
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• 2010

Workers in the agricultural industry have been exposed to many work-related musculoskeletal disorders. So, our objectives in this study were to measure and analyze worker's physiological bio-information to reduce musculoskeletal disorders in relation to agricultural works. We investigated worker's bio-information of physiological signals during the repeated lifting work such as body temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, physical activity, and heart rate variability. Moreover, we analyzed the workloads of lumbar spine during the repeated lifting work using the 3-axis acceleration and angular velocity sensors. The changes of body temperature was not significant, but the mean heart rate increased from 90/min to 116/min significantly during 30 min of repeated lifting work (p<0.05). The average worker's physical activity(energy consumption rate) was 206 kcal/70kg/h during the repeated lifting work. The workers' acute stress index was more than 80, which indicated a stressful work. Also, the maximum shear force on the disk (L5/S1) of a worker's lumbar spine in static state was 500N, and the maximum inertia moment was 139 $N{\cdot}m$ in dynamic state.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.268-278
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• 2015

Background: This study aimed to assess the whole-body vibration (WBV) exposure among large blast hole drill machine operators with regard to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) recommended threshold values and its association with machine- and rock-related factors and workers' individual characteristics. Methods: The study population included 28 drill machine operators who had worked in four opencast iron ore mines in eastern India. The study protocol comprised the following: measurements of WBV exposure [frequency weighted root mean square (RMS) acceleration ($m/s^2$)], machine-related data (manufacturer of machine, age of machine, seat height, thickness, and rest height) collected from mine management offices, measurements of rock hardness, uniaxial compressive strength and density, and workers' characteristics via face-to-face interviews. Results: More than 90% of the operators were exposed to a higher level WBV than the ISO upper limit and only 3.6% between the lower and upper limits, mainly in the vertical axis. Bivariate correlations revealed that potential predictors of total WBV exposure were: machine manufacturer (r = 0.453, p = 0.015), age of drill (r = 0.533, p = 0.003), and hardness of rock (r = 0.561, p = 0.002). The stepwise multiple regression model revealed that the potential predictors are age of operator (regression coefficient ${\beta}=-0.052$, standard error SE = 0.023), manufacturer (${\beta}=1.093$, SE = 0.227), rock hardness (${\beta}=0.045$, SE = 0.018), uniaxial compressive strength (${\beta}=0.027$, SE = 0.009), and density (${\beta}=-1.135$, SE = 0.235). Conclusion: Prevention should include using appropriate machines to handle rock hardness, rock uniaxial compressive strength and density, and seat improvement using ergonomic approaches such as including a suspension system.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.277-288
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• 2022

'Eve 58-1', the subject of this study is a statue made of plaster and its structural stability was evaluated by utilizing the CAE program in order to prevent the risk of damage arising from impact and vibration that are generated during the packaging and transportation process given its material characteristics. CAE is an abbreviation for Computer Applied Engineering for realization by predicting changes at the time of application of virtual physical energy. It is applied by reflecting the physical property conditions and each boundary condition of plaster, and the digital images of the internal and external structure of the work were acquired through 3D scanning and CT analysis for interpretation by executing finite element modeling. When acceleration is applied to the work in the direction of its own weight, the left-right side and the front-rear side, it was possible to confirm a maximum displacement value of 15.24 mm in the head section of the front-rear side direction that has been tilted by approximately 27° from the Y-axis and the largest stress value of 12.46 MPa was at the left ankle section. The corresponding results confirmed that the left ankle section is the most vulnerable area and the section for which precautions need to be exercised and supplemented at the time of transporting the work by means of objective values.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.384-391
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• 2023

Among the elderly, fatal injuries and deaths are significantly attributed to falls. Therefore, a pre-impact fall detection system is necessary for injury prevention. In this study, a robust threshold-based algorithm was proposed for pre-impact fall detection, reducing false positives in highly dynamic daily-living movements. The algorithm was validated using public datasets (KFall and FARSEEING) that include the real-world elderly fall. A 6-axis IMU sensor (Movella Dot, Movella, Netherlands) was attached to S2 of 20 healthy adults (aged 22.0±1.9years, height 164.9±5.9cm, weight 61.4±17.1kg) to measure 14 activities of daily living and 11 fall movements at a sampling frequency of 60Hz. A 5Hz low-pass filter was applied to the IMU data to remove high-frequency noise. Sum vector magnitude of acceleration and angular velocity, roll, pitch, and vertical velocity were extracted as feature vector. The proposed algorithm showed an accuracy 98.3%, a sensitivity 100%, a specificity 97.0%, and an average lead-time 311±99ms with our experimental data. When evaluated using the KFall public dataset, an accuracy in adult data improved to 99.5% compared to recent studies, and for the elderly data, a specificity of 100% was achieved. When evaluated using FARSEEING real-world elderly fall data without separate segmentation, it showed a sensitivity of 71.4% (5/7).

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.878-889
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• 2023

Animal welfare during transport became an largely issue because of increasing demand for improved animal welfare standards. Most studies on the animal welfare during transportation have concentrated on the atmosphere and the temperature of the truck compartments. Thus, the objective of study was to collect and quantify three axis acceleration and determine the effect of bedding for transporting pigs from farm to slaughterhouse. A total of 2,840 crossbred fattening pigs with a live weight of approximately 115 kg were used. They were raised in the same commercial farms and transported to the same commercial slaughterhouse. A 3×2×2 completely randomized factorial design was used to investigate effects of rubber type bedding (bedding or non-bedding) and two levels of driving style (aggressive or normal) in three different time periods with different outside temperatures. Air temperature treatments were as follow: high temperature ([HT] higher than 24℃); low temperature ([LT] lower than 10℃); normal temperature ([NT] 10℃ to 24℃). In our experiment, pigs transported under aggressive driving style showed lower (p < 0.05) pH and water holding capacity (WHC) than those transported under normal driving style. Pigs transported under normal driving style showed a lower percentage of drip loss (DL) (p < 0.05) than those transported with an aggressive driving style. Also, transported with bedding showed higher (p < 0.05) lying behavior but lower (p < 0.05) sitting behavior than those transported without bedding. Pigs transported under normal driving style showed lower (p < 0.05) cortisol level than those transported under aggressive driving style. In conclusion, aggressive driving style cause acute stress in pigs, while bedding helps alleviate acute stress in pigs during transportation in LT.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

The Primary type of swinging motion in human movement is that which is characteristic of a pendulum. The two types of pendulums are identified as simple and compound. A simple pendulum consist of a small body suspended by a relatively long cord. Its total mass is contained within the bob. The cord is not considered to have mass. A compound pendulum, on the other hand, is any pendulum such as the human body swinging by hands from a horizontal bar. Therefore a compound pendulum depicts important motions that are harmonic, periodic, and oscillatory. In this paper one discusses and compares two algorithms of Newton's method(F = m a) and Euler's method (M = $I{\times}{\alpha}$) in compound pendulum. Through exercise model such as human body with weight(m = 50 kg), body length(L = 1.5m), and center of gravity ($L_c$ = 0.4119L) from proximal end swinging by hands from a horizontal bar, one finds kinematic variables(angle displacement / velocity / acceleration), and simulates kinematic variables by changing body lengths and body mass. BSP by Clauser et al.(1969) & Chandler et al.(1975) is used to find moment of inertia of the compound pendulum. The radius of gyration about center of gravity (CoG) is $k_c\;=\;K_c{\times}L$ (단, k= radius of gyration, K= radius of gyration /segment length), and then moment of inertia about center of gravity(CoG) becomes $I_c\;=\;m\;k_c^2$. Finally, moment of inertia about Z-axis by parallel theorem becomes $I_o\;=\;I_c\;+\;m\;k^2$. The two-order ordinary differential equations of models are solved by ND function of numeric analysis method in Mathematica5.1. The results are as follows; First, The complexity of Newton's method is much more complex than that of Euler's method Second, one could be find kinematic variables according to changing body lengths(L = 1.3 / 1.7 m) and periods are increased by body length increment(L = 1.3 / 1.5 / 1.7 m). Third, one could be find that periods are not changing by means of changing mass(m = 50 / 55 / 60 kg). Conclusively, one is intended to meditate the possibility of applying a compound pendulum to sports(balling, golf, gymnastics and so on) necessary swinging motions. Further improvements to the study could be to apply Euler's method to real motions and one would be able to develop the simulator.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 사용자의 자세에 따라 실시간으로 제공되는 진동모터에 의해서 촉각 피드백이 구현되는 골반교정 및 자세균형능력 증진을 위한 균형의자(balance chair)를 개발하고 그 유효성을 평가하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 MC Nylon을 이용하여 몸체을 제작하고 사용자 인터페이스를 위한 터치 TFT와 아두이노를 사용한 주 제어모듈, 사용자 자세판별을 위한 9축 가속센서, 촉각피드백을 위한 진동모듈을 내장하고 사용자의 편안한 착석감을 위한 쿠션으로 외부를 둘러싼 균형의자 시제품을 제작하였다. 제작된 시제품을 이용한 자세균형 훈련시스템의 유효성을 확인하기 위해 여성 피험자 10명을 대상으로 척추움직임의 주요근육인 좌우 요장늑근에 대한 근활성도(%MVIC)를 측정하였고 자세균형능력 평가장비인 Spine Balance 3D를 이용하여 훈련 전후의 균형능력을 측정하였다. 균형의자를 통한 운동 및 자세균형 유지 시 진동을 통한 피드백 방법에 의해 사용자의 좌우 요장늑근이 균형적으로 활성화되고 또한 이를 통한 훈련 전후 균형능력이 증진되는 결과를 얻었다. 향후 본 연구는 다양한 자세균형 제품 개발에 기초 연구로 활용 가능하다고 사료된다.