• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.199-210
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• 2004

Since the 119 fire department was legally permitted to serve in Emergency Medical Service(EMS)Operation of emergency patients in 1983, 119 EMS operation in general has made a big progress in serving the needs for emergency patients. Currently EMS operation is carried out by 119 EMS unit, private ambulance Co.,etc. But due to the public recognition and volunteers, 119 EMS operation carries the major share of the service. This observation is not surprising in that such a trends occured in Japan 20 years ago. This paper compared the 119 EMS operation conducted by the fire department in Korea with that of Japan in order to draw some inferences from the comparison. The results of the study compared to Japan were as follows: 1. Japan was higher 1.5 times in the number of EMS units per population(100,000), 1.1 times in the number of patient transports per unit. 2. Japan was higher 4.54 times in the number of the 119 EMS personnel per population(100,000), 30.6 times in that per square killometers, 30.6 times per 119 EMS unit, in per ambulance 2.48times. 3. Japan was higher 1.83 times in the number of ambulance per population(100,000), 1.26 times in that per square killo meters. 4. Japan was higher 1.7 times in the number of transport patients per population (100,000), but Korea was higher 2.68 times in the transport patients per EMS personal. 5. Compared to Japan, there was no emergency care related to ALS, for example, such as administering dugs orally and intravenously, interpreting elctrocardiograms, performing endotracheal tube or LMA insertion, using monitors and other complex equipments in Korea.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2022

The study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the triage training program utilizing pre-and post-training experiments designed for 119 emergency medical services teams. Objectives: This study evaluated the effectiveness of triage training programs on the accuracy of triage performed by 119 emergency medical services team staff who participated in the triage training program. Behavior: Participants in this study included 119 of the 166 EMS staff. In this program, a modified START triage consisting of a 20-minute theoretical presentation was presented to the participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Results: A significant increase in triage accuracy for 119 EMS teams(p<.001). And undertriage showed a significant decrease(p<.001). In addition, overtriage showed a decrease but was not statistically significant. Conclusions: The results obtained from this study showed that the triage training program was effective in improving the accuracy of the triage of multiple injury patients or disaster victims when presented to the 119 emergency medical services team. Therefore, these results suggest that it would be helpful to add triage training to the fire department's formal training program.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the current state of emergency care for patients with anaphylaxis and to identify problems and areas for improvement in prehospital care. Methods: This study was conducted using 119 emergency running sheets and medical records of 109 patients diagnosed with anaphylaxis. Questionnaires were also given to emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and emergency physicians. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Results: Prehospital emergency care included oxygen administration in 64.2%, an intravenous line in 15.6%, and medication injection in 11.0%. The most commonly administered medications were antihistamines in 66.7% and epinephrine in 8.3%. Of EMTs surveyed, 47.0% suggested an epinephrine injection and using direct medical control, while 53.8% of the emergency physicians suggested an epinephrine injection and using indirect medical control. Most emergency physicians 88.8% responded that epinephrine could be administered by EMTs. Conclusion: The data support epinephrine injection of patients with anaphylaxis by EMTs, but a larger sample size of EMTs is required. Education about the treatment of anaphylaxis should be improved for EMTs. The scope of paramedic responsibilities should also be redefined.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.57-72
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for developing strategic programs based on the types of perception to aid in the coping strategy of 119 emergency medical technicians who experienced have violence. Methods: The subjects were 119 emergency medical technicians working out of hospitals in Korea. Data were collected from March 10, 2019, to June 30, 2019. Q samples of 37 statements and P samples of 36 persons were taken using PC QUANL software. Results: As a result of the study, four types of coping with violence experiences were identified; these four types explained 53.79% of all variables from the examination. The types were labeled as the cooperation seeking and manual emphasis type, emotional suppression and stability seeking type, active response and business continuation type, communication empathy and recovery effort type. Conclusion: The Fire Department requires institutional measures to lower violence during field activities, and it will be necessary to develop a policy according to the type of perception of coping behaviors.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.65-80
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• 2010

Objective : The objective of this study was to survey the job satisfaction and turnover intention of 119 emergency medical technicians who are fire fighters and, at the same time, provide emergency patients with first aid, to examine the correlation between their job satisfaction and turnover intention, and to provide basic materials for the human resource management of 119 emergency medical technicians. Method : The survey was conducted with 152 119 emergency medical technicians working at fire stations in an area of Gyeonggi-do during the period from July 15 to September 14, 2009. Job satisfaction was measured with a tool developed by Kim Sun-sim and Kwon Hye-ran (2002) based on the Index of Work Satisfaction, and turnover intention with the tool developed by Becker (2002) and translated and used by Cho Yeong-sook (2002). The questionnaire was composed of 11 questions on general characteristics, 35 on job satisfaction, and 4 on turnover intention, so a total of 50 questions. The reliability of the questionnaire was Cronbach's ${\alpha}=0.922$ for job satisfaction and Cronbach's ${\alpha}=0.854$ for turnover intention. Using SPSS 14.0, we obtained frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations, and performed independent two-sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis, and Cronbach's ${\alpha}$. Results : 1) The mean score of the 119 emergency medical technicians' job satisfaction was 2.71, and that of their turnover intention was 2.64. By area of job satisfaction, the mean score was 3.44 for the area of job itself, 2.92 for the interaction area, 2.67 for the organizational demand area, 2.64 for the autonomy area, 2.14 for the wage area, and 1.91 for the working condition area, showing that emergency medical technicians were generally satisfied with their job itself but not with their working condition. 2) As to difference according to the 119 emergency medical technicians' general characteristics, statistically significant difference was observed in job satisfaction according to license type (F = 4.729, p < .010), and in turnover intention according to position (F = 3.768, p < .025). 3) The 119 emergency medical technicians' job satisfaction and turnover intention was in a negative correlation with each other (r = -.44, p < .000) in general, and by the sub-areas of job satisfaction, the correlation with turnover intention was high in order of the autonomy area (r = -.42, p = .000), interaction area (r = -.42, p = .000), job itself (r = -.35, p < .000), organizational demand area (r = -.30, p = .000), wage area (r = -.23, p = .000), and working condition area (r = -.21, p = .008). Conclusion : The 119 emergency medical technicians' job satisfaction showed a negative correlation with their turnover intention. This suggests that turnover intention can be reduced by improving job satisfaction. Furthermore, 119 emergency medical technicians' job satisfaction was high with the job itself, showing their high pride in their job, but was low with working condition and wage. Thus, it is necessary to enhance their job satisfaction by improving the 24-hour work system through supplementing manpower, compensating for overtime works, adjusting work hours per week, etc. These results are expected to be useful in making human resource management plans to lower turnover intention by enhancing 119 emergency medical technicians' job satisfaction.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.75-86
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• 2019

Purpose: It is crucial that 119 emergency medical technician (EMT) have adequate knowledge regarding forensic science. This study aimed to assess the forensic knowledge of EMTs in the Republic of Korea. Methods: This study was conducted on EMTs of five fire stations in D metropolitan city between August 6 and August 13, 2018. A questionnaire consisting of items on crime-related incident recognition (i.e., mechanical asphyxiation, trauma, sex crimes, and child abuse), forensic evidence management (i.e., evidence collection, preservation, and recording) was administered to the participants. Finally, 119 questionnaires were analyzed. Results: The ratio of correct answers for crime-related incidents recognition was 55.82%, which was lower than that for forensic evidence management(84.5%). In particular, the scores for the type of neck compression(16.5%) and wound assessment(44.0%) were low. The percentage of correct answers for forensic evidence management was 78.4% for evidence collection, 84.4% for evidence preservation, and 90.6% for evidence recording. Previous forensic education experience was not a significant variable. Conclusion: Specific and practical forensic science education on perception of crime-related incident, including asphyxia and wound identification, and forensic evidence collection is needed.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.129-140
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• 2020

Purpose: This descriptive correlational study investigated the effects of post-traumatic stress and compassion competence on the quality of life of 119 Emergency medical technicians(EMTs). Methods: The data of 119 EMTs were collected between May 1 and September 30, 2020. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression with SPSS 24.0 program. Results: Post-traumatic stress was seen to be negatively correlated with the quality of life (r=-.456, p<.001) and compassion competence was positively correlated with quality of life (r=.250, p=.006). Participants' subjective health status (β=0.30, p<.001), post-traumatic stress (β=-0.39, p=.001) and compassion competence (β=0.29, p<.001) explained 38.5% of variance in the quality of life of the 119 EMTs. Conclusion: These findings indicate that post-traumatic stress and compassion competence are important factors to improve the quality of life of EMTs. Therefore, systematic programs for reducing post-traumatic stress and enhancing compassion competence levels should be developed.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.19-30
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to identify the correlations between the ego-states of the 119 emergency medical technicians(119 EMTs) and the burnout and help them grow as a profession. Method : This is a descriptive study and the subjects of this study were 81 EMTs in 119 fire station in G City. This study tried to reveal the burnout in 119 EMTs in accordance with ego-state. Results : The highest score of 119 EMTs was the Nutrition Parent(NP) which showed $32.90{\pm}2.07$. The second highest was of the Critical Parent(CP), $31.95{\pm}2.79$. The Ego-gram profile of 119 EMTs was slope N type. The burnout was $78.90{\pm}13.19$, the physical burnout was highest($28.86{\pm}4.14$) in the low rank territory. The ego state according to level, the comparison of the degree of burnout, Free Child(FC) all but the type of ego-states burnout of the high groups appeared to be much higher. The correlations between their ego-states and the burnout of 119 EMTs appeared to be related to the 'plus(+)' correlation for the Free Child(FC ; r=0.243, p=0.029) and the Adapted Child(AC ; r=0.567, p=0.000), and CP, NP and Adult(A) appeared to be unrelated to the correlation. Results of the regression analysis show that the personal characteristic that has the biggest effect on the burnout of 119 EMTs was the AC(0.717), which seems to have a measurable effect on the statistics(p<0.01). Conclusion : Understanding the personality of 119 EMTs and its the application in the workforce will increase the human resources management system for the fire station officials.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.73-85
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand currently active Korean paramedics' disaster response abilities, including immediate response, severity classification, patient treatment, and patient transfer, in a disaster situation with multiple casualties. Methods: A structured questionnaire consisting of a total of 25 questions was used, including 5 questions on the subject's general characteristics and 20 questions on disaster-related emergency response abilities. Results: Among the disaster response abilities of the participants, the patient transport ability scores were high and the cooperative support ability scores were low. In terms of general characteristics, there was a significant difference in age, and it was high in the 40s, and there was a significant positive correlation between each competency. Conclusion: These results suggest that there is an urgent need to develop a systematic and specialized educational system with components inside and outside fire departments related to multiple casualty disasters to improve overall abilities.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.463-473
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• 2020

This study was conducted to provide basic data to find measures to alleviate the job stress of 119 Emergency Medical Technicians by identifying the mediating effect of resilience for life care in the relationship between stress coping and job stress of 119 Emergency Medical Technicians. The data for this study were collected from October 5, 2019, to October 31, 2019. The subject was 205 119 Emergency Medical Technicians working in 119 safety centers located in G Metropolitan City. The collected data were analyzed by independent t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, hierarchical multiple regression analysis, and Sobel test using the SPSS Statistics 21.0 program. As a result oh the study, The mediation effect of resilience was not statistically significant in the relationship between stress coping of seeking social support type and job stress; the mediation effect of resilience was not statistically significant in the relationship between stress coping of seeking positive thinking type and job stress. but, resilience was revealed that resilience completely mediates the relationship between problem-solving type and job stress, and partially mediates the relationship between avoidance type and job stress. The measures to reduce the job stress of 119 Emergency Medical Technicians derived from the above results are as follows. First, among the 119 Emergency Medical Technicians, problem-solving stress coping type 119 Emergency Medical Technicians need to reduce job stress through resilience improvement program. Second, avoidance stress coping type 119 Emergency Medical Technicians should take part in education programs that can reduce job stress in parallel with resilience improvement program.