• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.65-76
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to provide an appropriated direction for fire service organizational management by analyzing the violence experiences and turnover intention of female 119 emergency medical technicians (119 EMT) in Korea. Methods : The questionaries were obtained from 415 female 119 EMT in Korea from April 27 to March 8 in 2009. The collected data were analyzed with SPSS WIN 19.0 program. Results : Female 119 EMTs experienced 94.9%-verbal insults, 57.1%-violence aggression, 62.89%- potential violence, 32.5%-physical assault. About 76.4% of the subjects experienced to feel shame about the verbal insults. They had a stress level (mean 5.47 out of 10) and about 41.2% was more than seven points. About 39.3% of the subjects responded turnover intention. Conclusion : We proposed the preventive program against violence as well as critical incident stress debriefing. These results are expected to be useful in making human resource management plans to lower turnover intention.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.7-18
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the core competencies for 119 emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and to provide evidence for the development and utilization of 119 EMTs, education and training programs. Methods: Data were collected with a questionnaire that consisted of items on the general characteristics of the subjects (8 items) and importance and satisfaction levels for 10 competencies, including 34 items on subfactors. The Borich Needs Assessment Model was used in designing the questionnaire. A locus for focus model was used to derive the top priority competencies for the improvement of core competency in the profession. Data were analyzed with by SPSS ver.21 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: The core competencies for 119 EMTs were derived from technical competency, information competency, communication competency, problem-solving competency, self-development competency and interpersonal competency. In addition, among the sub-factors of these competencies, 16 abilities (including leadership), ability to apply technical knowledge, technical comprehension, conflict management ability, ability to create documents, problem handling ability, ability to think, technical selection ability, and computer literacy were included in the priority category. Conclusion: This study derived and presented the core competencies for 119 EMTs to enable them to meet the modern day requirements of their roles, which may contribute to enhancing their professionalism.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.113-125
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• 2023

Purpose: This descriptive research study aimed to identify and strengthen the knowledge, attitudes, and performances related to first aid for patients with oral and maxillofacial trauma among 119 EMTs working at 119 safety centers and local stations in Jeollanam-do, South Korea. Methods: An online questionnaire was distributed among 144 119 EMTs working at fire stations in Jeollanam-do from August 1 to August 15, 2022. Results: The factors that influenced the knowledge of oral and maxillofacial trauma among the 119 EMTs included qualification (β=.113, p=.005) and performance (β=.837, p=.005), and those influential to attitudes were qualification (β=0.194, p=.005), ordinary interest (β=0.242, p=.005), and the need for education (β=.285, p=.005). The only factor that influenced the performance of first aid for patients with oral and maxillofacial trauma was knowledge (β=.900, p=.005). Conclusion: Considering the nature of first aid for patients with oral and maxillofacial trauma, it is necessary to organize practical knowledge and educational content tailored to the characteristics of each task. This should be simultaneously conducted with practice-oriented simulation education.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.75-86
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• 2019

Purpose: It is crucial that 119 emergency medical technician (EMT) have adequate knowledge regarding forensic science. This study aimed to assess the forensic knowledge of EMTs in the Republic of Korea. Methods: This study was conducted on EMTs of five fire stations in D metropolitan city between August 6 and August 13, 2018. A questionnaire consisting of items on crime-related incident recognition (i.e., mechanical asphyxiation, trauma, sex crimes, and child abuse), forensic evidence management (i.e., evidence collection, preservation, and recording) was administered to the participants. Finally, 119 questionnaires were analyzed. Results: The ratio of correct answers for crime-related incidents recognition was 55.82%, which was lower than that for forensic evidence management(84.5%). In particular, the scores for the type of neck compression(16.5%) and wound assessment(44.0%) were low. The percentage of correct answers for forensic evidence management was 78.4% for evidence collection, 84.4% for evidence preservation, and 90.6% for evidence recording. Previous forensic education experience was not a significant variable. Conclusion: Specific and practical forensic science education on perception of crime-related incident, including asphyxia and wound identification, and forensic evidence collection is needed.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the rationality for and countermeasures against the use of prehospital patient restraint (PPR) techniques in efforts to limit violent behavior toward 119 emergency medical technicians (EMTs). Methods: Previous countermeasures to limit violent behavior toward 119 EMTs and medical personnel were focused on strict reactive and passive proactive responses. However, those in support of the countermeasures do not believe that violent and criminal behavior can be limited or extinguished by strengthening the punishment unconditionally. Results: When it comes to the far-reaching effects of stigmatization on people who engage in violent and criminal behavior, it is possible that unconditional punishment leads to more crime, increases the costs of imprisonment, and consequently, adds to the financial burden of the government. Conclusion: Thus, we are faced with an urgent need to prepare legal grounds for the use of PPR techniques by 119 EMTs for agitated or combative patients only, with direct medical oversight. Moreover, the legal foundation for the use of PPR techniques also needs to be established for emergency medical personnel. The use of PPR techniques not only ensures the safety of emergency medical services personnel, but also protects patients from injuring themselves and others.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.129-140
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• 2020

Purpose: This descriptive correlational study investigated the effects of post-traumatic stress and compassion competence on the quality of life of 119 Emergency medical technicians(EMTs). Methods: The data of 119 EMTs were collected between May 1 and September 30, 2020. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and hierarchical multiple regression with SPSS 24.0 program. Results: Post-traumatic stress was seen to be negatively correlated with the quality of life (r=-.456, p<.001) and compassion competence was positively correlated with quality of life (r=.250, p=.006). Participants' subjective health status (β=0.30, p<.001), post-traumatic stress (β=-0.39, p=.001) and compassion competence (β=0.29, p<.001) explained 38.5% of variance in the quality of life of the 119 EMTs. Conclusion: These findings indicate that post-traumatic stress and compassion competence are important factors to improve the quality of life of EMTs. Therefore, systematic programs for reducing post-traumatic stress and enhancing compassion competence levels should be developed.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.57-72
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for developing strategic programs based on the types of perception to aid in the coping strategy of 119 emergency medical technicians who experienced have violence. Methods: The subjects were 119 emergency medical technicians working out of hospitals in Korea. Data were collected from March 10, 2019, to June 30, 2019. Q samples of 37 statements and P samples of 36 persons were taken using PC QUANL software. Results: As a result of the study, four types of coping with violence experiences were identified; these four types explained 53.79% of all variables from the examination. The types were labeled as the cooperation seeking and manual emphasis type, emotional suppression and stability seeking type, active response and business continuation type, communication empathy and recovery effort type. Conclusion: The Fire Department requires institutional measures to lower violence during field activities, and it will be necessary to develop a policy according to the type of perception of coping behaviors.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.7-19
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to confirm the exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis of the burden of 119 emergency medical technicians. Methods: The data collection period was from November 2, 2022 to November 6, 2022. This study had 316 subjects, and the collected data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and Cronbach's α coefficient using IBM SPSS statistics 27.0. Results: The reliability was .924. The exploratory factor analysis yielded the following information: the first factor was lack of violence policy, the second factor was conflict between the organization and the paramedics, the third factor was lack of psychological support, and the fourth factor was lack of education and communication. The explanation power of 4 factors was 54.31%. Conclusion: This study is significant as it performs exploratory factor analysis as a preliminary step in the development of a burden measurement tool.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.71-78
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of wearing clothes, Level B, and Level C PPE on normal CPR using mannequins. The paramedics who participated in this experiment were 20 paramedics with more than 5 years of experience in firefighting area C. It was found that chest compressions in the process that hand off time was 11.9 seconds in the uniform wearing group, 11.4 seconds in the level C PPE wearing group, and 13.1 seconds in the SCBA wearing group. In other words, wearing personal protective equipment prevents the movement of paramedics and uses compensatory movements, which may increase the difficulty of efficient first aid. If this situation persists, it may cause fatigue and damage to the body of paramedics. Rescue and paramedics should wear level personal protective equipment in case of emergencies and conduct rescue and CPR training.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.73-86
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide the basic data for the ergonomic design of first-aid activity space(FAS) for a future ambulance suitable for the performance of 119 EMT. Methods: Questionnaire was filled out by the 124 EMT in 119 centers. The questionnaire consisted of 3 sub factors including the satisfaction and compatibility of the FAS. The satisfaction and compatibility was analyzed based on characteristics of the subjects. Results: The satisfaction rate of the FAS within the ambulance was an average of 2.23, and the compatibility category got an overall average score of 2.26. The lowest ranked criteria in the satisfaction and compatibility factor was the functionality of storage space showing 1.93 and 1.88, respectively. The best position of the paramedic seat was the top side of the patient, near the head, which is suitable for patient assessment and treatment. Conclusion: During patient transportation of 119 EMTs, for efficient work process, a layout design of the FAS should be based on ergonomics that satisfied the performance function.