• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.41-57
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• 2002

This study was done to examine spiritual well-being of hospice care service volunteers for the purpose of providing them with programs promoting coping skills in response to the wholistic needs of patient effectively, also providing data for professional or nonprofessional hospice training program. Subjects were 123 volunteers serving in 6 hospice centers in Jeonbuk province at present. Data collection were done from 16 Oct. 2000 to 17 Nov. 2000. questionnairs were consisted of activities of hospice care service volunteer and spiritual well-being. The study results were as follows 1.Mean of activities of hospice care service volunteers were 2.433, those activities were divided into 5 categories such as spiritual, activities of volunteer for themselves, psychosocial, physical area and bereavement. The highest mean score was spiritual area 2.578, activities of volunteers for themselves 2.525, psychosocial area 2.456, physical area was 2.359 and the lowest mean score was bereavement area 2.130. 2.Spiritual well-being of hospice care service volunteers was 5.25, the highest mean. In subcategories of spiritual well-being, religious spiritual well-being was higher than existential spiritual well-being, mean score for each one was 5.41, 5.10. 3.Statistically significant relations among demographic characteristics such as gender(t=2.72, P=.008), status of marriage(t=6.067, P=.003), occupation(F=3.795, P=.025), frequency of visiting for volunteered hospice care(F=3.833, P=.024) were noted. 4.Statistically significant demographic characteristics of hospice service volunteers was religion(t=-4.38, p=0.000), status of marriage(F=3.505, p=0.033), frequency of visiting for volunteered hospice care(F=3.107, p=0.048), level of satisfaction from hospice care volunteer service(F=3.610, p=0.030), hospice service volunteers doing more home visiting(5-9times/month) had higher status of spiritual well being than volunteer with less home visiting(1-4times/month) 5.A significant relationship between activities of hospice service volunteers and status of spiritual well-being was noted(r=.236, p=.004), activities of hospice service volunteers was related to both subcategories of spiritual well-being such as religious well-being(r=.210, p=.010) and existential well-being(r=.208, p=.011). From the results of the study It is noted that status of spiritual well-being for hospice volunteers influences on service activities. It means spiritual well-being should be considered as a essential character for hospice service volunteers, it also means that managing and maintaining of status of spiritual well-being for hospice service volunteers is important. On the base of the study recommendation are made as follows: 1.Considering status of spiritual well-being for hospice care service volunteers is needed to promote hospice care activities. 2.It is necessary to develope spiritual well-being programs for hospice care service volunteers and further study for effect validation of them is needed. 3.Further study to sort out effecting variables for hospice care service volunteer activities is needed. 4.It will be desirable to have spiritual well-being information included in the hospice education program.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.128-136
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the current state of the home-based cancer patient management project of public health centers throughout the country. The results of the investigation is employed to identify obstacles to the execution of the program and, finally, to develop an efficient management program of home-based cancer patients. Methods: Data on the home-based cancer patient management project were collected and analyzed through visiting interviews or telephone interviews with 225 public health centers throughout the country for six months from July to December, 2006. Results: Obstacles to the present execution of the home-based cancer patient management project were identified. Some of them are : (1) patients' low trust in cancer patient management by local health centers, (2) absence of programs customized to local communities, (3) lack of personnel and vehicles for home-based cancer patient management, (4) lack of education program for personnel in charge of home-based cancer patient management, (5) problems in public health doctors, weak connection to private medical institutions, (6) absence of medical institutions and hospice facilities for cancer patients, and (7) non-standardized volunteer workers, so on. Considering all these problems, some effective management methods are proposed. The basic concept is to keep the autonomy and variety of the local helath centers. And based on this concept, three models of (1) public health center controlled model, (2) medical institutions and hospice facilities-entrusted model and (3) medical institutions and hospice facilities-cooperative model are developed. Conclusion: By adopting an adequate model among proposed three models, the public health centers are expected to achieve an efficient utilization of material resources and manpower. In addition, by inventing their own programs that are proper for the local societies, they can improve the home-based cancer patient management.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.199-208
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of death preparing education on death anxiety and meaning of life for volunteers. Methods: Data collection and intervention were carried out from January 11 to 25, 2009. The subjects included 60 volunteers in Jeonju city, and they were divided into two groups; 30 each of experimental group and control group. Death preparing education program contained 5 steps. Data were analyzed with t-test, $x^2$-test, and ANCOVA test with SPSS version 12.0. Results: The death anxiety scores in the experimental group were significantly lower than in the control group (F=4.01, P=0.046). The meaning of life scores in the experimental group were significantly higher than in the control group (F=6.32, P=0.015). Conclusion: The death preparing education program for volunteers was confirmed to be an effective intervention to lessen death anxiety and to improve the meaning of life. Therefore, I strongly recommend that this program should generously be applied to volunteers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.68-80
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• 1992

In order to provide data basic to the training of hospice volunteers, this study was carried out to investigate the personal attributes and the Death Orientation of hospice volunteers. 80 hospice volunteers were sampled from those registered on Seoul Catholic Social Service and Korean Association for Volunteers Effort conveniently. Data were gathered from August 16th to October 3rd, 1991. The instrument used for this study was the Death Orientation Questionnaire developed by Thorson and Powell, subjective age and religiosity questionnaire developed by Bell and Batterson, and subjective health criteria developed by Baumann. Data were analyzed using frequency, mean, standard deviation, Chi-square, and t-test by SPSS - program. Result of this study are summarized as follows ; 1. The majority of hospice volunteers perceived younger in their subjective age than their chronological age (65%), Perceived themselves to be healthy subjectively(88.8%), and revealed to have high religiosity score(96.3%) 2. Level of Death Orientation of hospice volunteers was revealed to be moderate.(Mn＝2.06, SD＝0.40, range, 1.45-3.53) Among 25 Death Orientation items, respondents revealed the highest concern over the afterlife (Mn＝3.53, SD＝0.71), revealed the lowest anxiety about not knowing the next world after his or her death(Mn＝1.45, SD＝0.69), and relatively high concern over leaving careful instructions after death (Mn＝2.97, SD＝0.83) Respondents revealed low Death Orientation score(below 1.99) to 12 negative items(2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22). Thus hospice volunteers seem to be preparing for their own death and shown positive Death Orientation to some items relatively. 3. According to personal attributes (demographic, socioecnomic, and relevant variables) of hospice volunteers, there were no significant statistic differences of Death Orientation score. Thus pre-existing Death Orientation of hospice volunteers and their motive of participation to the hospice service are to be considered important variables influencing the Death Orientation.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.229-238
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• 2022

Through the converging concept of 'an actor doctor,' this paper deals with an actor and its double, the emotional care giver. In the first place, actor doctors have appeared in the medical scene as hospice volunteers. But, as a developing project, the concept of 'an actor doctor' leads to a professional emotional specialist who works at hospitals during the day and performing at the stage at night. In our contemporary culture, our emotional life is threatened by various social and environmental stimuli. The role of 'an emotional specialist' in our everyday life and hospitals is very essential to our healthy life. Against the backgrounds of the high emotional intelligence and the systemic training, actors are qualified to embody this social vision. From the perspectives of performance studies and cognitive studies, this paper tries scientific explanations of the role, the function, and the techniques of an actor doctor. By doing so, this paper seeks to build a scientific foundation for an actor doctor as an emotional specialist.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2006

Purpose: Terminal cancer influences on patients as well as their family members. This research was performed to evaluate the quality of lift of primary family caregivers and to investigate the influencing factors. Methods: The results of survey were collected from 81 family caregivers who were taking care of hospitalized terminal cancer patients at an oncology department of university hospital in Daejeon from March 2005 to January 2006 with questionnaires. The questionnaires were consisted of the general characteristics of the subjects, and 36-items short-form Health Survey (SE-36) Korean version to evaluate the quality of life of family caregivers, the characteristics of patients and family caregivers' caring trait. Results: Family caregivers' mean (${\pm}SD$) SF-36 score was 47.9 (${\pm}20.7$). Influential factors on family caregivers' life quality were daily raring hours, economic burden, type of treatment; only supportive care, caring duration, sex, the numbers of ADLs (activity of daily livings) items that patients needed help in order by stepwised multiple logistic regression analysis (overall $R^2=0.639$, P=0.044). Conclusion: Daily raring hours and economic burden were two influential modifiable factors on family caregivers' quality of life. Therefore, social supportive systems are required to reduce family caregivers' daily caring hour and economic burden.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.17-29
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• 2006

Purpose: This research aimed to investigate the actual condition and satisfaction of volunteer activity in Australian hospital. Methods: Data was collected by self reported questionnaire from 101 volunteers and analyzed by frequency and percentage, t-test, ANOVA and Sheffe and Pearson's correlation coefficients using SPSS 12.0. Results: 1. Years involved in volunteer work were $5{\sim}10$ years (32.7%), above 10 years (30.7%), $2{\sim}3$ years (11.9%) and $3{\sim}5$ years (10.9%). Types of volunteer work were physical care (32.7%), physical and emotional care (14.9%), and others (18.8%). Types of allocation of tasks were by volunteer coordination (55.7%), and by volunteer preference and consent between volunteer and coordinator (both respectively, 20.5%). Main reasons for volunteer work were to help sick people (61.4%) and to make good use of leisure time (22.8%). Routes to start volunteer work were from his (her) own inquiries (43.4%), from hearing from other volunteers (30.7%) and from mass media (13.1%). 80.2% of volunteers had received some kinds of training or preparation for volunteer work. Suitability of volunteer's skill and ability to voluntary work were 'very well' (74.0%) and 'mostly well' (18.0%). Reimbursements or benefits received for volunteer work were token or lunch or group outing (31.7%), and token and lunch or group outing (19.8%). Evaluation frequency for volunteer work was occasionally (372%), frequently (30.9%), always (17.0%) and never (14.9%). Relationship with volunteer work coordinator was very good (85.0%). The relationship with other volunteers was very good (81.2%). The relationship with hospital staffs was very good (69.7%) and mostly good (21.2%). Family and friend's support for volunteer work was very good (83.2%). 2 The mean score of satisfaction for the hospital volunteer activity was $3.09{\pm}0.49\;(range:\;1{\sim}4)$. The highest score domain was 'social contact', $3.48{\pm}0.61$, and the lowest was 'social exchange', $1.65{\pm}0.63$. An item of the highest score was 'I have an opportunity to help other people' ($3.83{\pm}0.40$), and the lowest score item was 'I will receive compensation for volunteer work I have done ($1.10{\pm}0.78$).' 3. The satisfaction from hospital volunteer activity was shown by significant difference according to sex (t=2.038, P=0.044), marital status (F=3.806, P=0.013), years involved in volunteer work (F=3.326), nam reason to do volunteer work (F=2.707, P=0.035), receive any training or preparation for volunteer work (t=-1.982, 0=0.050), frequency of evaluation for volunteer work (F=7.877, P=0.000), suitability of volunteer's skill and ability to voluntary work (t=2.712, P=0.049), relationship with volunteer work coordinators (F=-2.517, P=0.013), relation with hospital staffs (F=5.202, P=0.007), and support of their volunteer work by their family and friends (t=-3.394, P=0.001). Conclusion: The satisfaction of hospice volunteer activity was moderate. The satisfaction for hospice volunteer activity was shown by significant difference according to sex (t=2.038, P=0.044), marital status (F=3.806, P=0.013), years involved in volunteer work (F=3.326), main reason to do volunteer work (F=2.707, P=0.035), receive any training or preparation for volunteer work (t=-1.982, 0=0.050), frequency of evaluation for volunteer work (F=7.877, P=0.000), suitability of volunteer's skill and ability to voluntary work (t=2.712, P=0.049), relationship with volunteer work coordinator (F=-2.517, P=0.013), relation with hospital staffs (F=5.202, P=0.007), and family and friend's support for volunteer work (t=-3.394, P=0.001). Therefore, it is necessary to consider various factors to improve the satisfaction of voluntary work.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.184-189
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was to explore barriers to effective pain management in general population. Methods: Total 163 Participants completed the Barrier Questionnaire-II (BQ-II), a 27-item on a six point scale, from May to June in 2007. BQ-II consisted of four subscales which were 1) physical effects (PE) addressing beliefs that side effects of analgesics are inevitable and concerns about tolerance, fatalism (Fa) addressing fatalistic beliefs about cancer pain and its management, Communication (Co) addressing the beliefs of 'good patient' and concerns of distracting physician from underlying disease, and harmful effects (HE) addressing fear of addiction and harmful effect to immune system of pain medicine. Results: The BQ-II total had an internal consistency of 0.877 in this study. HE was the biggest barrier (3.03) followed by PE (2.73), Fa (2.15), and Co (1.71). Items appeared as great concerns were 'there is a danger of becoming addicted to pain medication'(3.58), 'using pain medicine blocks your ability to know if you have any new pain' (3.18), 'pain medicine is very addictive' (3.09), 'when you use pain medicine your body becomes used to its effects and pretty soon it won't work any more' (3.09), and 'drowsiness from pain medicine is difficult to control' (3.09). Only 12 respondents (7.4%) reported that they took any type of pain education, however, those who took pain education represented significantly lower barriers to pain management than who did not (P=.029). Conclusion: This result suggests the strategies for public education to surmount cancer pain.