• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.20-26
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• 1984

This study was carried out to investigate the influence of chemical type and its retention in the fire-retardant treated plywoods on the static bending strength, a property peculiar to plywood. Being soaked in 20% aqueous solution of $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, $NH_4H_2PO_4$, $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$. Borax-Boric acid and Minalith for 3 to 12 hours at three-hour intervals and redried at $120^{\circ}C$ in hot press, the treated plywoods were put to static bending test. The values of chemical treated plywoods in Stress at proportional limit, Modulus of elasticity, Modulus of rupture and Work per unit volume to proportional limit were widely higher than those of water treated plywoods(control) and Borax-Boric acid treatment showed the highest value in the four mechanical data. And the bending strength of fire-retardant treated plywoods increased with the extension of soaking time or the increase of chemical retention in themselves. Borix-Boric acid was the desirable fire-retardant for thin plywood in view of mechanical strength and soaking defects in this study.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 1980

TOK (2,4-Dichlolo-4'-nitrodiphenyl ether) was applied to two Korean soils possessing different physico-chemical properties at a certain concentration and incubated for a certain time under flooded conditions. The metabolites and the soil microorganisms involved in the degradation of TOK are studied. Chong Ju and Chung Ju soils treated with TOK at a concentration of 500 ppm and incubated for two, four, and six months at $30^{\circ}C$ yielded 4-chloro-4'-amino diphenyl ether, 2, 4-dichloro-4'-amino diphenyl ether(amino-TOK), N-[4'-(4-chloro-phenoxy)] phenyl acetamide, and N-[4'-(4-chloro-phenoxy)] phenyl formamide as the major metabolites. TOK underwent the reduction of nitrogroup to amino group, dechlorination, acetylation, and formylation. No cleavage at the ether linkage was recognized. TOK was more readily degraded in Chung Ju soil which is characterized by the higher pH (PH 6.43), clay loam in textural class, and the higher cation exchange capacity. The toxicity of TOK as a possible environmental contaminant is expected to be considerably reduced as a result of the above degradation Twelve strains of soil bacteria were isolated from the TOK-treated Chong Ju and Chung Ju soils. As a result of the incubation of TOK in pure cultures of the isolates, T-1-1 strain isolated from Chong Ju soil had almost no degradability, whereas T-2-3 strain turned out to be the most potent. The degradation of TOK by the isolates constituted mostly the reduction of the nitro group to amino group. The citrate buffer extract of Chung Ju soil reduced TOK more readily to amino-TOK than that of Chong Ju soil.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2003

This research was conducted to present reference data to be used as newly reclaimed tidal land management. We investigated vegetation succession at 4 reclaimed/reclaiming project areas and discussed relationship with soil and vegetation trhrough investigation and analysis soil chemical characteristics at 2 areas. 14 families 58 kinds were investigated. Vegetation were variou at Dea-Ho conservation polt and Seok-Mun National Industrial Area which are maintaining naturally. Vegetation were simple at Hong-Bo and Dongjin and MinKyong river areas which effected sea water. Common species that were investigated at 9 sites were Suaeda asparagoides, Aster tripolium, Phragmites australis, Suaeda maritima, Suaeda japonica, Carex scabrifolis. As soil desalinization progressing, soil classified at first saline-soidc soil, the nest saline soil and then normal soil. Chenopodiaceae revealed at about 30 dS/m of soil ECe and existed to 10 dS/m of soil ECe. At about 20 dS/m of soil ECe. Aster tripolium, Calamagrostis epigeios, and Sonchus brachyotus revealed and then non-halophytes and common plants at inland revealed at low soil ECe of about 10 dS/m. However it was not to progress vegetation sucdession and soil desalinization at the same time, owing to input of seeds or plants ect from out-ecosystem. So for promotion of vegetation at newly reclaimed tidal land, we proposed that it was very effective to plant artificially halophytes or suitable species through soil test.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.148-152
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• 2003

The phosphorus(P) adsorption capacities of various filter media were investigated in relation to the size and types of fitter media to screen the optimum condition. The objective of this study was to evaluate the constructed wetland longevity by improving P adsorption capacity. The maximum P adsorption capacities of filter media A($4{\sim}10\;mm$), B($2{\sim}4\;mm$) and C($0.1{\sim}2\;mm$) were 8, 10 and 22 mg/kg, respectively, showing those increased as the filter media size decreased. Among the experimental media, the optimum filter media size was $0.1{\sim}2\;mm$. When the filter Medium was supplemented with organic materials which were piled up and decayed in the constructed wetland, the P adsorption capacity was significantly enhanced Under the conditions of optimum fitter media size, the respective Maximum P adsorption capacities of filter media C when supplemented with Ca, Mg, Al and Fe were higher than that of filter media C. However the addition of Ca, Mg, Al and Fe to constructed wetland were not recommended because of the possibility of their secondary pollution. The maximum P adsorption capacity of filter media C was 22 mg/kg, but this was increased to 36 mg/kg when filter media C was supplemented with 2% oyster shell.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.198-209
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• 1986

This study was conducted to find optimum heating temperature and time as milk was heated over a wide range of temperature and time combinations at $70{\sim}100^{\circ}C$ into $5^{\circ}C$ interval for 10, 15 and 20 second. The results obtained were summarized follows: 1. The effects of heat treatment on the bacteria by $75^{\circ}C/20s$, $80^{\circ}C/10s$ and $100^{\circ}C/20s$ were 99.56%, 99.52% and 99.92% respectively. 2. Sterilized rate of milk which was added Bacillus subtilis by $75^{\circ}C/20s$, $80^{\circ}C/10s$ and $100^{\circ}C/20s$ were 99.23%, 99.25% and 99.85% respectively. 3. The pH value fell in accordance with the increasing of heating temperature. 4. Content of protein, fat and lactose was not changed by heat treatment. 5. The content of total nitrogen was not changed. The content of casein nitrogen and non - protein nitrogen increased, but non - casein nitrogen reduced, according to heat trea ted of milk. 6. According to the increasing of heating and time, filter - passing nitrogen reduced. 7. The artificial digestibility was increased when milk was heated from $70^{\circ}C$ to $100^{\circ}C$ into $5^{\circ}C$ interval at 10, 15 and 20 second.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.142-153
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• 2019

The Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910) left behind a wealth of documentary heritage, including collections of literary works, personal letters, and journals, as well as public documents such as Veritable Records of the Joseon Dynasty (Joseon Wangjo Sillok), Diaries of the Royal Secretariat (Seungjeongwon Ilgi), and State Protocols (Uigwe). Such heritage also includes personal diaries that have been highly regarded for their frank and vivid records of people's lives in the Joseon period. There have been great diaries published and intended for reading by the Korean public, including War Diaries (Nanjung Ilgi, 1592~1598) by Yi Sun-sin and Diaries of Jehol (Yeolha Ilgi, 1780) by Park Ji-won. Unfortunately, a great majority of these personal records remain unknown to the world. Such great records have not been given an opportunity to be documented properly, but are left outside public attention, abandoned to be damaged and destroyed. Few personal diaries of the Joseon period were written on good-quality paper. After the death of their authors, these diaries were left to be kept by their descendants; this explains why many of these records have been in poor condition, particularly when compared with the public records published by the government of Joseon, such as Sillok and Uigwe, even when these were lucky enough to be taken care of by the authors' descendants. Even after surviving a long time, many of these personal records remain in the form of manuscripts, written in semi-cursive and cursive scripts of Chinese characters, thus making it even more difficult for the people of the current generation -- most of whom have not been given an opportunity to learn Chinese characters at school -- to take care of their documentary heritage properly. Meanwhile, it is also true that, as the value of the public records published by the government of Joseon as historical materials has grown, they are used more often as content for TV dramas such as Daejanggeum. At the same time, there have been increasingly louder voices citing the need for the study, preservation, and management of the personal diaries from Joseon. Considering the situation, this study provides a general overview of the personal diaries of Joseon as recently surveyed by the National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, as well as their characteristic features, subjects, and backgrounds. This study is expected to contribute to future research on the preservation and management of the personal diaries of Joseon.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.7-12
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• 1982

Growth of soybean sprouts(Glycine Max L.) and amounts of some chemical components were measured when they were exposed to blue light (120lux, 3hrs/day) during their growth. Hypocotyl length of irradiated soybean sprouts exceeded slightly that of control (dark) soybean sprouts, but the tfresh weight of whole sprouts as well as each part of the sprout showed no difference between the two groups. Chlorophyll content of cotyledon under blue light increased significantly with the lapse of days (3.57 and $8.45\;{\mu}g/100g$ fresh weight on the 3rd and 7th day). Bluelight irradiated sprouts contained more vitamin C than control sprouts (21.7% and 30.8% higher for the cotyledon and hypocotyl). Total amount of protein was not affected. Hypocotyl protein content was 8% of that in original soybean. Blue light did not affect the activity of trypsin inhibitor of sprouts. Similar activity of the inhibitor was observed in the cotyledon whereas hypocotyl showed activity corresponding to 23.7% of original bean. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretogram for the protein showed 10, 9, and 11 bands in the original bean. 5th day cotyledon and hypocotyl respectively. Especially, band 3 of low Rm value was major protein component for the hypocotyl. Band 5 and 11 could be seen only in the protein of hypocotyl from bluelight irradiated sprouts, whereas no effect of blue light on the electrophoretogram was observed for the cotyledon.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.80 no.1
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• pp.42-53
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• 1991

1. The forest vegetation of the Mt. Baek-Hwa situated in the northwestern Kyungsangpookdo of Korea, on $36^{\circ}16^{\prime}00^{{\prime}{\prime}}{\sim}36^{\circ}19^{\prime}20^{{\prime}{\prime}}N$ and 127 53'20"~127 56'30"E was studied by the method of Zurich-Montpellier School. In the present time, the original vegetation have almost been dominated by substitutional communities such as secondary forests of Pinus, Quercus, Zelkova, Acer or Fraxinus and Pinus rzgida plantations. Some secondary forests developing along the ravine and in northwestern part of slope are, however, maintained in natural condition, and contain some species of the original climax vegetation. They are classified as follows : I. Quercus mongolica-Fraxinus siebol diana community(Mountain forests), I-A. Acer pseudo-sieboldianum -Carex okamotoi group, I-B. Pinus densiflora group, I-B-a. Typical subgroup, I-B-b. Rhododendron schlippenbachii subgroup, II. Fraxinus rhynclzophylla-Acer mono community(Valley Forests), II-A. Acer pseudo-sieboldianum group, II-B. Zelkova serrata group, II-B-a. Typical subgroup, II-B-b. Lindera erythrocarpa subgroup, II-C. Querczrs serrata-Platycarya strobilacea group, II-C-a. Typical subgroup, II-C-b. Lindera erythrocarpa subgroup. 2. Judging from the coincidence method, the structure and distribution of the forest communities was more related to topography than altitude. 3. Considering the actual vegetation, relict species, occurrence of natural seedlings and saplings, climate, successional trends of trees and topographic or edaphic climax conditions, it seems that potential natural vegetation of the area mainly composed of Quercus mongolica, Carpinus laxiflora, Zelkova serrata, Fraxinus rhynchophylla. 4. The flora of the vascular plants collected from this area consists of 108 families, 371 genera, 613 species, 2 subspecies, 88 varieties, 6 forms and 709 taxa in total.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.179-189
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• 1984

Durch vergleichende Untersuchungen von Ribes nigrum L. var. 'Rosenthals Langtraubige Schwarze' zwischen $prim\"{a}rem$ und $sekund\"{a}rem$ Jugendstadium (P.J. und S.J.) eine vertiefte Einsicht in die beiden zeitlich unterschielich langen $Entwicklungsabl\"{a}ufe$ zu bekommen und auf diese Weise bessere Ansatzpunke $f\"{u}r$ die Regulierung der $Bl\"{u}tc-nknospeninduktion$ zu gewinnen, war das Ziel vorliegenden Untersuchungen. Diese Untersuchungen $f\"{u}hrten$ zu den flogenden Ergebnissen: Die Dauer der Jugendphase von Ribes nigrum L. betrug bei den P.J.-Pflanzen ca. 7 Monate, bei den S.J.-Pflanzen ca. 5 Monate. Die $Bl\"{u}hreife$-(Ripeness to flower)-setzte bei den P.J.-Pflanzen erst beim 20. Nodium ein, bei den S.J.-Pflanzen bereits beim 5. Nodium. Das $f\"{u}hrte$ dazu, da${\beta}$ bei gleicher Nodienzahl die P.J.-Pflanzen weniger $Bl\"{u}te-nknospen$ angesetzt hatten als die S.J.-Pflanzen. Die erste $Bl\"{u}tenknospendifferenzierung$ setzte bei den P.J.-Pflanzen in der oberen Triebmitte etwa am 30. Nodium ein, beiden S.J.-Pflanzen bereits in der unteren Tricbmitte etwa am 20. Nodium. Bie den P.J.-Pflanzen waren die untersten 20. Nodien immer steril, $w\"{a}hrend$ bei den S.J.-Pflanzen $h\"{a}uflgsten$ an dem ersten Nodium $\"{u}ber$ der Basis fertil waren. In allen Versuchen hat sich gezeigt, da${\beta}$ der Wachstumsabschlu${\beta}$ -(Bildung einer Terminal Knospe)-, der bei Ribes nigrum L. durch Kurztag eingeleitet wird, bei den P.J.-Pflanzen langsammer als bei den S.J.-Pflanzen erfolgt. Dies $f\"{u}hrt$ dazu, da${\beta}$ die Pflanzen der $sekund\"{a}ren$ Jugendphase auf die photokybernetischen Stimulation empfindlicher reagieren als die der $prim\"{a}ren$ Jugendphase. Alle untersuchten Versuchsdaten $f\"{u}hren$ zu dem Schlu${\beta}$, da${\beta}$ die Wurzelgibberelline $(GA_n)$ keinen Einflu${\beta}$ auf die $Jugendsterilit\"{a}t$ ($Basissterilit\"{a}t$) haben. Aus den Untersuchungen geht hervor, da${\beta}$ die induktive Ma${\beta}$nahme zur Beschleunigung der $Bl\"{u}tenknospenbildung$ $f\"{u}r$ eine $Z\"{u}chtungsselektion$ erst dann eingesetzt werden sollen, wenn die P.J.-Pflanzen mehr als 20 Nodien ausgebildet haben.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.47-65
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• 2000

The meridian, the meridian point and the Acupuncture-Bu-Xie(鍼灸補瀉) of oriental medicine are very important in the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion. Until now it has been confused at the practical use, and it showed up many transformation to the ages and many scholars. And then, I made a study of effects on the thermal changes of Sangyang($LI_1$,商陽), Igan($LI_2$,二間), Samgan($LI_3$,三間), Hapkok($LI_4$,合谷), Yanggye($LI_5$,陽谿), Kokchi($LI_{11}$,曲池), Yonghyang($LI_{20}$,迎香) following acupuncture on the Hapkok with the Rotated Acupuncture-Bu-Xie(捻轉補瀉) stimulation. This study researched into clinical statistics for 140 men who are in good health, and they are studying oriental medicine at Woosuk university in Korea. This study was covered a period of 3 months form June, 1999 to August, 1999. The objective was divided into seven groups, those are the control group(CON, N=20), the acupuncture stimulation group with non-rotation on Hapkok of left hand(A-I, N=20), the acupuncture stimulation group with non-rotation on non-meridian point(NA) of left hand(A-II, N=20), the acupuncture stimulation group with Bu-rotation(捻轉補法) on Hapkok of left hand(B-I, N=20), the acupuncture stimulation group with Bu-rotation on non-meridian point(NA) of left hand(B-II, N=20), the acupuncture stimulation group with Xie-rotation(捻轉瀉法) on Hapkok of left hand(C-I, N=20), and the acupuncture stimulation group with Xie-rotation on non-meridian point of left hand(C-II, N=20). The first, I took a picture for 140 men with the Digital infrared thermal image(D.I.T.I.). After 10 minutes, I took a second picture for each group following experimental methods, those were followed acupuncture on the Hapkok and the non-meridian point with the retentive and Rotated Acupuncture-Bu-Xie stimulation. The results are summarized as follows : 1. The thermal changes of the area which is a meridian point in the Large Intestine Meridian of the acupuncture stimulation group on Hapkok different from the control groups with significantly change. 2.The thermal changes of the area which is a meridian point in the Large Intestine Meridian of acupuncture stimulation groups on non-meridian point was not significantly different from the control group. 3. The thermal changes of the area which is a meridian point in the Large Intestine Meridian of the acupuncture stimulation group with Bu-rotation on Hapkok different from the control group with significant increase. 4. The thermal changes of the area which is a meridian point in the Large Intestine Meridian of acupuncture stimulation group with Bu-rotation on non-meridian point was not significantly different from the control group. 5. The thermal changes of the area which is a meridian point in the Large Intestine Meridian of the acupuncture stimulation group with Xie-rotation on Hapkok different from the control group with significant decrease and increase following the decreasing or increasing temperature class, and the increasing temperature class of the acupuncture stimulation group with Xie-rotation on Hapkok significantly different from the acupuncture stimulation group with Bu-rotation on Hapkok. 6. The thermal changes of the area which is a meridian point in the Large Intestine Meridian of acupuncture stimulation group with Xie-rotation on non-meridian point was not significantly different from the control group. As a conclusion, I could think that the acupuncture stimulation with Bu-rotation or Xie-rotation on Hapkok affected the thermal change of the area which is a meridian point in the Large Intestine Meridian. And then I could relate these results with the existence of the meridian and meridian point, and with the Rotated Acupuncture-Bu-Xie theory of oriental medicine.