• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.7
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• pp.59-74
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• 2006

Objectives: The purpose of this research is to find out the relations among children‘s perceived competences, expressive disposition of interpersonal relations, and parents’ social support, which influence their self image. Methods: The samples to achieve the purpose of this research are composed of 294 students in G elementary school, OO city, Kyounggido, the number of male students in the fifth year being 71, female 77, and male students in the sixth year being 73, female 73. After having excluded the data of 9 students among them due to their insincere reply, this research analyzed the data of 285 students by using SPSS WIN Ver. 13.0. Results: First, after having observed the average difference stemming from each method, this research found that there is no sexual difference in parents‘ social support. (p<.05). In children's perceived competences, female students is higher only in active aspect than male students, but there is no meaningful difference in other aspects. In expressive disposition of interpersonal relations, the showing-off and narcissistic expressive tendency of female students is higher than that of male students, but there is no meaningful difference in other aspects. Second, this research found out the meaningful static correlation among parents' social support, children's perceived competences, and expressive disposition of interpersonal relations. Parents' emotional, appreciative, and informative support has the static correlation with all the other aspects of children's perceived competences, and material support has the static correlation with children's academic, active, and general self-esteeming sense (p<.05, p<.01). Third, this research observed, of all the aspects of parents' social support and expressive disposition of interpersonal relations, what variable is affecting children's perceived competences, and found that parents' appreciative support, showing-off and narcissistic expressive tendency, material support, and informative support, each in order, has meaningful influence (p<.05, p<.01). This fact shows that the further the children recognize these supports of their parents', the more affirmatively they recognize their competences, and the further the children of showing-off and narcissistic expressive disposion recognize their competences. Conclusions: First, sampling was conducted of the fifth and sixth male and female students of OO elementary school, and so the result of this research has the applicative limitation in the generalization for all the elementary school students. Therefore this research suggests further researches by broad sampling for the more advanced generalization. Second, this research only observed the differnce of perception deriving from gender and school year, but the parents' social support levels perceived by children reveal many differnces according to children's characters or their families' variables. Therefore this research suggests subsequent researches on various variables.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2011

Paprika is a major export of Korea, but biosafety is important if exports are to grow. To date, few paprika biosafety data are available. We evaluated microbiological contamination of paprika, and determined bacterial levels with respect to storage temperature. Mean counts of total aerobic bacteria were $2.3{\pm}0.3\;log_{10}\;CFU/g$, but coliforms were not isolated. Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., and Escherichia coli O157 were also not detected. When bacterial contamination of paprika stored at room temperature or $4^{\circ}C$ for 20 days was evaluated, the numbers of total aerobic bacteria peaked at 14-16 days at room temperature (4 times more than those of $4^{\circ}C$). However, aerobic bacteria grew slowly at $4^{\circ}C$. Coliforms were also detected twice at room temperature, but not upon storage at $4^{\circ}C$. The results indicate that the paprika exported from Korea is relatively biosafe. However, food hygiene issues must be addressed to reduce contamination during storage and distribution.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.49-70
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• 2011

This paper re-evaluated the research on the accounting information's effectiveness in military construction contracts, questioning the former research results on the central army's construction contract that was under the Qualification Assessment System, especially concerning the relations between the accounting information and the bidding ratios as well as the relations between the bidding rates and the defect rates, which targeted between 1 to 10 billions civil engineering, construction, electricity, telecommunication, and environment work types. Unlike the previous results, the relationship between the accounting information and the bidding rates was shown to be considerably limited that the bidding ratio could not be identified through the accounting information, while it could discern the relations with the defect rates. Furthermore, the proven results did not support the hypothesis that the differences in bidding rates could affect the defect ratio. However, through the prediction model of bidding and defect ratios, we could identity the accounting variables that influenced the ratios. Additionally through the results regarding the non-financial indexes in the Pre-Qualification items, the weight on these indexes could be adjusted. In conclusion, the research results has given us new understanding of the problems in the Qualification Assessment System which accounts for the majority of the current military construction contracts and provide validity on the government's expanded implementation of the Lowest Price Award System.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.690-696
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• 2001

$TiO_2$ coated coal fly ash has been prepared in order to develop the low price $TiO_2$ photocatalyst and spread out its utilizing field. $TiO_2$ particles is coated on the surface of coal fly ash by precipitation method. In this method, $TiCl_4$ aqueous solution was used as a titanium stock solution and $NH_4HCO_3$ was used as a precipitant. The titanium hydroxide precipitated on the surface of coal fly ash in these neutralizing reaction process was oxidized by heat treatment in temperature ranges of $300~700^{\circ}C$. The crystal structure of the generated titanium dioxide showed anatase type. The crystal size of titanium dioxide increased with raising the temperature of heat treatment, but the removal ability of NO gas decreased. When the titanium dioxide was heated at temperature ranges of $300~ 400^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours, the crystal size of titanium dioxide appeared about 9nm, and the removal rate of NO gas showed 85~ 92%. The whiteness of $TiO_2$ coated coal fly ash increased with raising the coating rate of titanium dioxide and the temperature of heat treatment.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.71-94
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to identify the effects of interactivity, computer playfulness, and computer anxiety on service satisfaction, attitude, and user intention based on the flow theory in order to understand factors improving effects of home-network system. Especially, Computer anxiety which is one of individual characteristics in negative aspect as well as computer playfulness was added to the research model to perform empirical research for grasping effects on attitude variables such as service satisfaction. The analysis resulted that the perceived interactivity and the computer playfulness had a positive relationship with service satisfaction, but on the contrary it was identified that the computer anxiety gave a negative effect on the service satisfaction. These results are evidences to explain high correlation of the perceived interactivity, the computer playfulness, and the computer anxiety with the service satisfaction. Besides, it was found that there was a meaningful relationship among the three attitude variables such as satisfaction, attitude, and intention to use. This research suggested an integrative research model using home-network technology where user satisfaction and use factors were included, expanded research area of the traditional interactivity, and presented a consistent result to support the relationship among the service satisfaction, the attitude, and the intention to use. In additions, practical issues were also provided by presenting user's criteria for selecting various services including electronic commerce and its using elements continuously.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.23-46
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to obtain basic information for novice teachers' adjustment. The data from five novice teachers were collected by in-depth interviews of each subject, as well as reviewing a memo diary, journal and class diary. The results indicated that the novice teachers' experiences were categorized into difficulties in social relationships, heavy workload, stress related to making mistakes, obtaining support and assistance, adequate understanding of their field of work and so on. The model theory for their process of adjustment was found by grounded theory approach. The causal conditions include mistakes in performance of work and immaturity of managing social relationships. The contexts include age of the children, work conditions(i.e. time and space), amount of workload, unfamiliarity of new work assignments, personalities of colleagues, and high frequency of meeting parents of children. The intervening conditions are composed of a guidance program for novice teachers, support from colleagues, work rewards, and the personalities of novice teachers. The novice teacher use three strategies: trying to ignore, sharing difficulties and accessing support from friends or family, as well as willful efforts to transfer negative emotions into positive ones. The consequences of the strategies include: successful career progression, survival, and desire for leaving the field of work.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.116-120
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• 2015

$La_2NiO_{4+{\delta}}$ based oxides, a mixed electronic-ionic conductors (MIECs) with $K_2NiF_4$ type structure, have been considerably investigated in recent decades as electrode materials for advanced solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) due to their high electrical conductivity, and oxidation reduction reaction (ORR). In this study, structure properties of $La(Ca)_2Ni(Cu)O_{4+{\delta}}$ were studied as a potential cathode for intermediate temperature SOFCs (IT-SOFCs).

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.255-275
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• 2013

The purpose of the study is to examine compliance criteria for documents of the Letter of Credit(L/C) by the Korean Supreme Court in practical use. The judgement criteria of the court in documents' examination is supported by the doctrine of strict compliance. And, in examination of documents by the Supreme Court, the difference between documents presented and the credit should be followed by the allowance of international standard banking practices. In this case, the Supreme Court makes a reference for ICC's opinion or decision proposed as the international standard banking practices, or otherwise admit by exploring the practices. However, when documents reviewing by the bankers' auditors, it is very difficult for them to judge in a short time due to the lack of high level of knowledges and insights. As shown the cases of this study, the doctrine of strict compliance of an L/C be relaxed, and most of the recent precedents be ruled by the exception of the doctrine. Because, therefore, it is difficult for to documents reviewers of bank to judge these consistencies, conducting arbitrary document review will be inevitable. As a result, it will be difficult for banks and applicants to ensure the strictness of the documents, and free use of L/Cs in international transactions will be avoided. Finally, the expanded usage of the electronic negotiation system that simplifies the highly difficult compliance criteria to ensure the strictness of documents will be needed, and not only be eradicated the acts of arbitrary documents examination practices, but also be promoted the freely usage of L/Cs.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 1993

Recently, by fast industralization and development without environmental concern, our environment deterioration have being continued rapidly. Therefore, many species is placed on crisis of extinction or was already extincted by habitat destruction. In Minjujisan area, there is a plan to construct the Sport and Leisure Complex by which convert the forest conservancy district to the district of development promotion and district of sighseeing and leisure by Yongdong District. To investigate the avifauna impacts by habitat destruction, bird censuses was carried out before the Sport and Leisure Complex be construct in Minjujisan and Sokgisan area during 4-5 May, 1992 and 16-21 June, 1992. Total 229 birds of 41 species in 23 family of 9 orders were recorded during censuses. Sitta europaea amurensis was the most abundant species and Parus ater amurensis, Phylloscopus borealis xanthodryas, Parus major wladiwostokensis, Parus palustris hellmayri, and Turdus pallidus were dominant species. Accipiter nisus nisosimilis, Accipiter soloenis, and Otus scops stictonotus were found out to the natural monuments in this suvey. Halcyon pileate was observed to a rare bird in this surveyed area. Species diversity of this census was 3.381 which showed slightly higher degree than other surveyed area. The area of Minjujisan, Sokgipong, and Samdopong which have little pollution agent around there and kept away from mankind were approved the heavy avifauna area which have so many bird species. Biogeographically, the Taebaek Mountains was connected with the Sobaek Mountains through this area, therefore it was significant that many animal species could be move to each mountains ranges. The construction plan of the Sport and Leisure Complex in Minjujisan area should be restrain with concern about environmentally destruction by the Muju Resort in Dokyusan National Park which connected to that area have master plan to development the ski slopes for the 1997 Universiad with permission by the Ministry of Environment.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.113-122
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• 1999

The importance of the vertical response of a structure was well recognized after the Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake of Japan. However, most of the seismic design codes does not specified the site sail profiles, and the sail and foundations conditions were mostly neglected in the vertical seismic analyses of a structure. In this paper, the effects of foundation size, sail layer depth under the foundation, foundation embedment and pile foundation on the vertical seismic response spectra for both surface and embedded mat foundation were studied to investigate the effects of the soft soil layer on the vertical response of a structure excited with the vertical components of Taft and El Centro earthquakes, considering the sail profile types of $S_A,S_C,S_E$ in UBC-97, the medium and large size foundations, the soil layer depth under the foundation of 30 and 60m, the foundation embedment of 0 and 15m, and the precast reinforced concrete bearing piles installed in the soft soil deposit. According to the study results, the foundation size has a little effect on the vertical seismic response, However, the soil layer depth under the foundation of 60m has to be considered for the vertical seismic analysis of a structure as for the horizontal one. The embedded pile foundations as well as the surface ones built on the soft soil layer amplified the vertical seismic response of a structure very much.