• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.167-173
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• 2018

The aim of the study is to examine the effects of the peer relationship promotion convergence program on self-esteem and sociality of children using a community child center. A nonequivalent control group pre-post design was used. Participants were 52 children (experimental group=26, control group=26), 4-6th grade in elementary school from 5 rural community child center. The experimental group participated in 12 sessions of the program for 50 min, once a week. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, a chi-square test, and an independent t-test using SPSS WIN 21.0 program. After completion of the program, the experimental group showed a significant improvement in self-esteem(t=2.43, p=.018) and sociality (t=2.03, p=.047) compared to the control group. The result shows that the program is beneficial for improving self-esteem and sociality of low-income, school-age children. Therefore, the program is recommended the intervention for improvement of self-concept and sociality of children.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.55-72
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• 2022

Objective : The purpose of this study was to identify the status and trends of Korean child occupational therapy intervention studies according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health, Children and Youth Version (ICF-CY). Methods : In this research, 47 studies on occupational therapy interventions for children that were published between January 2017 and December 2021 in the Journal of Occupational Therapy, registered in the Korea Citation Index, and analyzed the classification of the study type and evidence level to understand the trends. Moreover, intervention objectives and approaches were analyzed on the basis of the ICF-CY. Results : The outcomes of the analysis of the articles published in the Journal of Occupational Therapy were as follows: (1) Level IV was the highest evidence level (53.19%). (2) Among the studies, most (53.7%) included school-age children as subjects. Autism spectrum disorders and developmental delays were the most common diagnoses (14.8%). (3) As for the purpose of intervention according to ICF-CY, activity and participation factors were the most common (48.94%), and a sensory approach was frequently used. Conclusion : This study reviewed articles on occupational therapies for children that were published in the Journal of Occupational Therapy to understand the trends in occupational therapy interventions for children in South Korea. For the development of occupational therapies for children in the future, more qualitative research types and studies on various intervention approaches are needed.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.97-117
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• 2003

Objective: This study is to examine the validity and reliability of Computerized Neurocognitive Function Test among normal children in elementary school. Methods: K-ABC, K-PIC, and Computerized Neurocognitive Function Test were performed to the 120 body of normal children(10 of each male and female) from June, 2002 to January, 2003. Those children had over the average of intelligence and passed the rule out criteria. To verify test-retest reliability for those 30 children who were randomly selected, Computerized Neurocognitive Function Test was carried out again 4 weeks later. Results: As a results of correlation analysis for validity test, four of continues performance tests matched with those on adults. In the memory tests, results presented the same as previous research with a difference between forward test and backward test in short-term memory. In higher cognitive function tests, tests were consist of those with different purpose respectively. After performing factor analysis on 43 variables out of 12 tests, 10 factors were raised and the total percent of variance was 75.5%. The reasons were such as: 'sustained attention, information processing speed, vigilance, verbal learning, allocation of attention and concept formation, flexibility, concept formation, visual learning, short-term memory, and selective attention' in order. In correlation with K-ABC to prepare explanatory criteria, selectively significant correlation(p<.0.5-001) was found in subscale of K-ABC. In the test-retest reliability test, the results reflecting practice effect were found and prominent especially in higher cognitive function tests. However, split-half reliability(r=0.548-0.7726, p<.05) and internal consistency(0.628-0.878, p<.05) of each examined group were significantly high. Conclusion: The performance of Computerized Neurocognitive Function Test in normal children represented differ developmental character than that in adult. And basal information for preparing the explanatory criteria could be acquired by searching for the relation with standardized intelligence test which contains neuropsycological background.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.251-257
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• 2016

The Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS) was balance measurement equipment for school-age children with mild to moderate motor impairments. The aims of this study are to examine the correlation between PBS and spatiotemporal gait parameter and to identify the walking function with cerebral palsy through balance scale. The PBS consists of 14 items such as sitting of standing, standing to sitting, transfers, standing unsupported, standing on one foot, turning 360 degrees, turing to look behind, etc., and the spatiotemporal parameters include walking speed, stride length, step length, step width, cadence, double-limb support. All subjects were independently ambulatory children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy, and they were assessed on PBS and spatiotemporal gait parameters by an experienced pediatric physical therapist. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to assess the correlation between PBS and spatiotemporal gait parameters, and the level of significance was set at ${\alpha}$ = 0.05. Total score of PBS(r=.49~.58), standing to sitting(r=.48~.60), turning to look behind(r=.47~.53), and pick up object(r=.52~.69) were positively correlated with walking speed, stride length, step length, and cadence. Most items of the PBS were negatively correlated with double-limb support(r=-.48~-.92). These findings suggest that the pediatric balance scale can be applied to estimate gait function level for children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 1994

Childhood depression was not officially accepted as a separate diagnosis until 20-25years ago. Although DSM-III R criteria gave us a starting point and are gaining acceptances as a useful tool for diagnosing childhood depression recently, many professionals feel that additional modifications are needed to better reflect the developmental aspects of children. And because children are relatively poor in expressing their moods or feelings due to weak reality sence and/or cognitive and linguistic limitations, the author too carefully suggest that developmental perspectives of children should be considered in diagnosing childhood depression. Little is known about the extent to which childhood depression precedes adult depression and persists into adult life and about the impact of it on the personality formation. Some evidences that childhood depressive symtoms can be quite enduring make it important to make an early diagnosis and treatment.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.118-136
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• 2003

Objective: This study is to examine the neuropsychological and developmental characteristics of the Computerized Neurocognitive Function Test among normal children in elementary school. Methods: K-ABC, K-PIC, and Computerized Neurocognitive Function Test were performed to the 120 body of normal children(10 of each male and female) from June, 2002 to January, 2003. Those children had over the average of intelligence and passed the rule out criteria. One-way ANOVA and Bonferroni were used for statistical analysis. Results: In sampling of normal children in elementary school, the control of intelligence level and strict rule out criteria were applied. As a result, although 21.1% were excluded from of total participants, the children that passed the rule out criteria had over the average of intelligence and not differ in the intelligence level among the graders. Comparing Computerized Neurocognitive Function Test results among the graders, almost of variables had significant difference among the graders and especially between the 1st to 2nd and the 5th to 6th graders. In the attention tests, as rising the graders, the performance of tests were improved. In the short-term memory tests, the difference between forward and backward tests were same as the previous research result. The verbal auditory learning test composed of recall task and visual figure memory test composed of recognition task were same as the previous research result using the individual power or achievement test and also as rising the graders, the performance of those tests were improved. The higher cognitive function tests had the same results with other tests. Conclusion: The Computerized Neurocognitive Function Test devised for adult can be used of assessing child neuropsychological characteristics. For this objective, more strict sampling criteria, control of the intelligence and psychopathology were needed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.89-93
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• 1990

60 Attention-deficit hyperactive patients treated with stimulant drugs such as methylphenidate and pemoline were evaluated in regards to the therapeutic benefit and side effects of these drugs. The results were as follows : 1) Of the 60 subjects 34 showed considerable imporvement and only 8 showed little or no improvement. 2) Hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity were improved markedly by stimulants These behavioral changes were accompanied by improved performance in classroom. 3) School age children tended to show more improvement than preschool children or adolescence. 4) Of the 60 subjects 25 showed no side effect and only 6 showed severe side effects, and common side effects were decreased appetite, insomnia and irritability or nervousness. It is the author's impression that despite of the therapeutic efficacy of these drugs when they were administered on a short-term basis, long-term outcome dose not seem to be altered by the administration of these agents.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.659-670
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify effects of the Active Parenting Today (APT) program based on King's Goal Attainment Theory on parenting stress, parenting behavior, and parenting satisfaction in mothers of school-age children. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group pre-post test design. Participants were 39 mothers of school-age children (19 in the experiment group and 20 in the control group) who were registered at two community children centers in G city. The experimental group received the APT program (2 hours/session/week) and telephone counseling (2 times/week) for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, Fisher exact probability test, and ANCOVA with the SPSS/Win15.0 program. Results: Parenting stress was significantly lower in the experimental group than in the control group. Positive parenting behavior and parenting satisfaction were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group. However, negative parenting behavior was not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the APT program based on King's Goal Attainment Theory is useful in reducing parenting stress, creating positive parenting behavior change, and promoting parenting satisfaction in mothers of school-age children.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.257-267
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• 2016

The research subject is 8 mothers who put their physical/mentally impaired children in a group home, as the research method, this study conducted an in-depth interview survey. The participants of this study collected data from the in-depth interview on 8 mothers who put their disabled children to the group home. In the result of open coding, total 34 concepts, 28 subcategories and 13 categories were derived. The core category in the selective coding was 'establishing restorative relationship through entering a group home after encountering the limit of nurture.' Practical Strategies include the following; first, it's necessary to provide psychology counselling consequent on a mother's nurturing phase, and this study proposes a program for a father having a child with disability; in addition, there is the necessity of having to arrange the differentiated facility for physically/mentally impaired people, which meets the needs of the relevant people. At a level of policy, this study suggested the necessity of having to take into account the minimization of poverty problem facing a family having a disable child through the caring card, necessity of the use of good-natured card, and medical-social-welfare-based intervention, expansion of facility-touring class installation, and use of adult guardianship system, and differential payment of disabled child nurturing allowance consequent on income quantile, etc.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.373-381
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• 2016

This research is a descriptive correlation research to examine the relationship among stress, coping behaviors, and perceived social support in school-age children. Students in third, fourth, and fifth grades at one elementary school in A metropolitan city were included for this research. A researcher of the study visited the elementary school and obtained appropriate approval to conduct this survey. Then, a total of 481 students answered the questionnaire; finally, the questionnaires of 409 students were analyzed after excluding 72 questionnaires due to unreliable responses. Descriptive statistics, T-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation were used to analyze the collected data with SPSS 13.0. In the stress scores, academic stress was associated with the highest score ($9.30{\pm}4.41$). With respect to stress coping behaviors, lower-grade students showed to have significantly higher scores in coping behavior of pursuing social support than higher-grade students (F=3.181, p=.043); male students had higher scores in aggressive coping behavior than female students (t=-3.399, p=.001). Perceived social support scores were higher in the following order: family members ($33.01{\pm}7.61$), friends ($28.43{\pm}7.89$), and teachers ($25.71{\pm}6.30$). Female students had higher scores in perceived social support from friends (t=3.842, p=.000) and teachers (t=3.037, p=.003) than the male students. As the stress scores increased, passive coping behaviors (r=.410, p=.000) and aggressive coping behaviors (r=.445, p=.000) have been significantly increased. As perceived social support is higher, active coping behaviors (r=.455, p=.000) and coping behaviors to pursue social support (r=.429, p=.000) were significantly increased. Therefore, we can conclude that stress management is very significant for children. It would be necessary to develop nursing intervention programs in order to reduce the aggressive and passive coping behaviors of children and encourage perceived social support.