• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.4
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• pp.558-564
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of early revegetation by analyzing the characteristics of germination and growth of Lespedeza cyrtobotrya using boring technique in rock slopes. After making up a growing basis of approximately 20 cm depth and 10 cm diameter by using a boring machine, the surface of rock slopes was planted with vegetation-plant. The number of germinating populations by soil media was 23 in H.s, 22 in T.s, 12 in M.s, and 1 in M.g.s. The germination rate (%) by soil media was 19.2% in H.s, 18.3% in T.s, 10.0% in M.s and 0.8% in M.g.s. In monthly changes of growth rate, the aspect was northwest direction, the soil media was M.s, and the treatment was microorganism plot. The main factors affecting survivorship and growth of population were soil media and treatment plot. The interaction between each factor had a good effects in bearing ${\times}$ soil media, bearing ${\times}$ treatment plot, soil media ${\times}$ treatment plot. but, it is recommended that the mulching of vegetation plant is highly needed to help the germination of seed and growth of vegetation because of loss of seed and soil media occurred due to rainfall. Therefore, The result suggests that the revegetation technique using boring in rock slope was very efficient in respect of the early revegetation and the landscape.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.53
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• pp.255-281
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• 2017

This study examines the ways in which Confucianism developed in connection with other thoughts. Mythology especially had an great impact on the formation of Confucian thoughts. This study focuses on the concept of sage and examines how Confucianism and mythological thoughts influenced on formation and reformation of the concepts. In ancient religion, sages as a hierophantic figure, mediates human beings and gods, delivering the gods' messages to the human and the human's wishes to the gods. The fused role of shaman and ruler began to separate. A new type of leader without political power, but with a religious role with a moral authority is the Confucian concept of sage. A sage in Confucianism is an ideal person like Confucius, Mencius, and Xunzi, an ordinary person can attain with effort. Anyone can become a sage in Confucianism. The early Confucian sage was more like a hyper-human with unaccessible authority in mythology. Later, a sage in Confucianism began to be described as a model figure that any human being can become. The aspect of shamans and diviners (wushi 巫師) did not disappear, but merged into a kingly power and transformed into a sage-king with moral authority. The new images are reflected in Confucian ideology of statehood or its religiosity. This study has explored the ways in which Confucianism and mythological thoughts interacted and influenced to each other through a concept of sage as an ideal personhood.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.38
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• pp.275-302
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to investigate Chu Hsi's theory of Ge Wu by analyzing the $L{\ddot{u}}$ shi daxuexie (呂氏大學解) in the Critique of Adulterated Learning (雜學辨). Critique of Adulterated Learning was written by Chu Hsi(朱熹) for the purpose of criticizing the confucian scholars who inclined to Taoism and Buddhism. Chu Hsi criticized $L{\ddot{u}}$ Pen-chung(呂本中)'s theory of Ge Wu Zhi Zhi, especially focusing on his understandings based on the Buddhist tendency. $L{\ddot{u}}$ Pen-chung considered Ge Wu Zhi Zhi as the processes of emerging Liang Zhi of the Subject to discipline by investigating the Li of things. He said "Regard an awakening as the standard of Ge Wu Zhi Zhi", as he payed more attention to the mind of the Subject rather than a long process of accumulation of Li. In comparison with him, Chu Hsi considered enormous each step to accumulate Li as more important to reach the completions of knowledge. Especially, while grasping Li, he considered they should have an understandings of things from the routines to the origins of the principles - that is from the principles of things to the reasons of things are. Chu Hsi approached to the Ge Wu in the meaning of political theory in his early days. However, Chu Hsi expands the width of his thought with a theoretical tool of 'Li-i fen-shu (理一分殊)' in the course of criticizing $L{\ddot{u}}$ Pen-chung's theory of Ge Wu Zhi Zhi. In that sense, His criticism of $L{\ddot{u}}$ Pen-chung(呂本中)'s theory was not only the process of struggling against Buddhist philosophies, but also the process of deepening of his philosophy.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.39-68
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• 2012

As foreign immigrants increase dramatically, the number of ethnic residential areas also grow rapidly in Korea. Of those foreign workers, the majority is Korean Chinese who can speak Korean language fluently and share common culture as the same ethnicity. As of now they are concentrated on 8 areas in Seoul forming their own community with networks for living and finding job. This paper is to investigate the differences and similarities of Korean Chinese residential areas in Seoul. In order to do that the authors researched two typical areas of Garibong-dong and Jayang-dong. The former is bigger and established earlier, became the symbol of Korean Chinese community. The latter area is relatively small and formed recently. Those staying in Garibong-dong are characterized as; single, moved from main land China directly, small sized residing unit and lower income. The place is mainly for the first incoming people to provide convenient environment for adapting in Seoul. On the other hand those staying in Jayang-dong are characterized as; with families, moved from other parts of Seoul, relatively good residence and higher income. Therefore this place is the second residential area for those who became familiar with living in Seoul. As a result, this paper found the process of differentiation in Korean Chinese communities. This process would be continued as far as foreign immigration continues. Therefore further researches required on more detail process of differentiation for various ethnic groups.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.39
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• pp.115-142
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to explore the changes of values in Korea focused on the period from liberation in 1945 to industrialization in the late 1970s. Those periods classified into 'Transitional Era' and 'Industrial Era' based on historical events significantly influenced the changes of value system of Korean people or Korean society. In this study, not only main values and right people for society but also the way of changing value system in those periods were suggested by investigating factors of politics, economy and society. The results are as follows : First, main values and right people for society on each period were as follows : In Transitional Era, main values were manners and social norms, and right people for this period were practical intellectuals pursuing the principle of action-oriented truth-and- knowledge-seeking. In Industrial Era, on the other hand, main values were sincerity, diligence, self-help and collaboration, and right people for this period were skilled man having occupational ability which was essential for economic development. Second, lasting value in Transitional Era and Industrial Era was patriotism. The patriotism in early Transitional Era was appealed to nation and people because of the collapse of ruling system and the absence of leaders, however, the patriotism changed to loyalty towards a national leader or seniors after the formation of new ruling system by building nation and electing a leader. On the other hand, the patriotism of Industrial Era was distinctly defined purpose for carrying out national economic policy and overwhelming Democratic People's Republic of Korea with anti-communist spirit and unification will.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.67
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• pp.173-201
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• 2017

Sinheung Military Academy was the first one which prepared for independence war built by members of Sinminhoe in Western Manchuria. Sinheung Military Academy is known that nurtured 3,500 independence soldiers during 10 years from 1911 thorough 1920. Nevertheless no people know how it recruited so many students for 10 tears. In the course of studying the recruit of Sinheung Military Academy, I became to focus on Manjugisa by Yi Sang-nyog. Although Yi Sang-nyon remembered that there were over five hundred students in Sinheung Military Academy from just after it's set up in Manjugisa, scholars overlooked that mention so far. In addition, in the Sixth poem of Manjugisa, Yi Sang-nyong recollected that there were 30 preliminary educational organizations in 1918 after installation of Sinheung Military Academy in 1911. Therefore I concluded that the over 500 students nurtured from just after installation of Sinheung Military Academy were summed up students of preliminary educational organizations over Sinheung Military Academy's and proved it. The students of preliminary educational organizations in Liuhexian Tonghuaxian entranced into Sinheung Military Academy after graduation. The graduates of Sinheung Military Academy taught the students of preliminary educational organizations a common and military educations in duty for two years. In conclusion, Sinheung Military Academy and nearby preliminary educational organizations were an wide military camp organically maintained by Korean in Western Manchuria for big purpose of independence war.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.189-197
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• 2021

In order to commercialize technology, Korea is continuously fostering specialized institutions for technology transfer/commercialization, and it is composed in various forms. However, there are limited studies on corporate performance according to the type of technology transfer/commercialization specialized institution and the type of support. This study aims to measure the combined utilization performance and performance of companies that have adopted the technology by classifying the types of technology transfer/commercialization specialized institutions. To this end, a study was conducted on 380 companies that promoted the introduction and use of external technologies. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the more the combined use of technology transfer/commercialization specialized institutions has a positive effect on corporate performance, and has different effects on corporate performance depending on the items of external technology introduction. In addition, it was found that the earlier the industrial growth stage is, the higher the corporate performance. Through this study, implications of strategies for the use of specialized organizations for technology transfer and commercialization and introduction of external technologies of the company were presented at the corporate level.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.145-158
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of the ownership structure of unlisted firms on KOSDAQ listing. There are few studies analyzing the characteristics of listing success based on ownership structure. For startup executives, there is not enough data to refer to the ownership structure that can increase the possibility of listing. This paper examines the effects of ownership structure on IPO success through comparison between listed successful and failed companies among the companies in application for KOSDAQ listing eligibility review. The major findings are as follows; (1) Venture capital investment and shareholding have a statistically positive effect on the success of KOSDAQ listing. This results indicate that the venture capital's investment alleviate the problem of information asymmetry, and it is a valid signal for market participants. The result means the role of venture capital seems to be important when companies are listed on the KOSDAQ. (2) The largest shareholder's stake has an inverted-U shape relationship with listing success. In other words, the ownership concentration mitigates moral hazard problem, which leads to listing success. However, if the ownership concentration exceeds a certain level, the chances of success in listing will decrease due to concerns over the pursuit of private interests. The result suggests that the largest shareholder's stake reduce agency problem. This study academically contributes to the existing literature by demonstrating the ownership structure affects IPOs, and explaining the results based on agent theory and signal theory. Our results provide practical implications for companies preparing for an IPO on the KOSDAQ.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.529-537
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• 2021

Membrane-type hull and cargo holds have been designed and built for large ship. However, there is a growing interest in applying the same technology to small and medium-sized Liquefied natural gas(LNG) carriers to meet the recent increase in demand for LNG as an ecofriendly fuel and for expanding LNG bunkering infrastructure. The purpose of this study is to apply the IMO Type-B tank to small and medium-sized LNG carriers and verify the safety and suitability of the design. Fatigue crack propagation analysis was performed to install a partial second drip tray installed at the lower part of the LNG cargo tank by calculating the amount of leaked gas in the support structure supporting the cargo tank. First, a program for fatigue crack propagation analysis was developed, in which Paris' law and British Standard 7910 (BS 79110) were applied based on the International Code for the Construction of Equipment and Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk, an international standard for LNG carriers. In addition, a surface crack propagation analysis was performed. Next, a methodology for assuming the initial through-crack size was developed to determine the size of the partial second barrier. The analysis was performed for 15 days, which is a possible return time after cracks are detected. Finally, the safety and suitability of the IMO Type-B for LNG cargo tanks required by international regulations were verified. For the accurate analysis of fatigue crack propagation, it is necessary to develop and verify the analysis procedure based on direct analysis and international regulations.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.281-289
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• 2020

This paper reports a slim mobile lens design using a hybrid refractive/diffractive optical element. Conventionally a wide field of view (FOV) camera-lens design adopts a retrofocus type having a negative (-) lens at the forefront, so that it improves in imaging performance over the wide FOV, but with the sacrifice of longer total track length (TTL). However, we chose a telephoto type as a baseline design layout having a positive (+) lens at the forefront, to achieving slimness, based on the specification analysis of 23 reported optical designs. Following preliminary optimization of a baseline design and aberration analysis based on Zernike-polynomial decomposition, we applied a hybrid refractive/diffractive element to effectively reduce the residual chromatic spherical aberration. The optimized optical design consists of 6 optical elements, including one hybrid element. It results in a very slim telephoto ratio of 1.7, having an f-number of 2.0, FOV of 90°, effective focal length of 2.23 mm, and TTL of 3.7 mm. Compared to a comparable conventional lens design with no hybrid elements, the hybrid design improved the value of the modulation transfer function (MTF) at a spatial frequency of 180 cycles/mm from 63% to 71-73% at zero field (0 F), and about 2-3% at 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 fields. It was also found that a design with a hybrid lens with only two diffraction zones at the stop achieved the same performance improvement.