• Maritime Security
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.85-112
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• 2022

The maritime blockade has long been used as a means of war in that it serves as a bridge for economic warfare by paralyzing enemy maritime transport, although it is not a decisive battle, and in the Korean War, U.N. forces have achieved significant results in the war with limited maritime blockade through the Clark Line. However, with China emerging as a maritime powers based on its strong naval power, there is a lack of consideration on how to set up a blockade to block maritime activities and how to respond neutral ships or carrying wartime contraband products if war breaks out again on the Korean Peninsula, In addition, since maritime blockade should be used as a sensitive and flexible naval force projection in that it has interests with neutral countries, it should be carefully reviewed in that it can be used only through careful and reasonable judgment considering the principle of ensuring the legality of maritime blockade Therefore, in this study, Reexamine the process of change in the application of the International Law of Blockade, and through this, Derive the basic principle of ensuring the legitimacy of maritime blockade. In addition, by reviewing the application of these basic principles in the waters off the Korean Peninsula at wartime, we presented answers to research questions by reviewing what needs to be done to neutral ships and ships carrying wartime contraband products, and considered the implications for us

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.451-470
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• 2023

Purpose: Since COVID-19 was first discovered in China in December 2019, it has rapidly spread around the world, causing serious economic and social problems not only in individuals' lives, but also in businesses and countries. Individuals, businesses, and governments have all made various efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Although the roles of individuals, companies, and the government are important to respond to and manage infectious diseases, previous studies have only partially studied the roles. Therefore, in this study, the roles of individuals, companies, and the government to achieve results in responding to infectious diseases disaster management A comprehensive study was conducted on this issue, and it was attempted to understand the impact of workers' perceptions of infectious disease disaster management and government and corporate capabil]ities on disaster response performance. Method: The survey was conducted for workers in the automobile manufacturing industry in Ulsan, Gyeongju, and Yangsan, and frequency analysis, factor analysis, correlation analysis, and regression analysis were performed. Result: It was found that worker perception had a positive effect on both government and corporate capabilities as well as disaster management performance. In addition, government capacity and corporate capacity had a positive effect on disaster management performance. Conclusion: The results of this study are meaningful in that they reveal that not only workers' perceptions but also the capabilities of the government and companies are important to achieve disaster response performance. In addition, workers should make good use of opportunities for education and participation provided by the government and corporations, and make the most social efforts that workers can make.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.91-116
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• 2016

This study proposes a research model to investigate the effect of ICT on national culture and values. Why should we research the relationship between ICT and culture? We do this to shed light on the cultural framework and find areas for further research. This research has found that the development of Information Communication Technology(ICT) has proved to have a positive effect on the quality of individualism (B0.603), there is a decrease in power distance index(B-0.331)and a correlation between individualism and wealth. Also, the development of Information Communication Technology(ICT) has proved to have a positive effect on the quality of Long Term Orientation. As for adoption and use of ICT, the role of culture is important for many reasons. First of all, we can recognize the importance of national culture and organizational culture in establishing the ability of the overall culture to adapt, efficiently merging with different cultures and overcoming potential obstacles of these tasks. This is the evidence supporting the current theory. Our research shows that development of technology highly influences deep human values. Furthermore, the data points used in this research are from World Economic Forum, World Development Indicator and International Telecommunication Union. In order to understand and develop social evolution and progress, we tried to use data that is fair and verifiable.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.46-46
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• 2021

국제사회는 1992년 기후변화협약 체결 이후 지구온도 상승을 2℃이하로 억제하는 등 기후변화 문제를 해결하기 위해 노력하고 있다. 그러나 1997년 선진국(38개국) 중심으로 2020년까지 탄소감축(교토의정서)을 선언하였음에도 불구하고, 미국, 중국 등의 감축의무 미참여로 인해 기후변화대응에 대한 한계를 노출한 바 있다. 그 이후 COP21(2015년)에서 모든 국가에 감축의무를 부여하는 신(新)기후체제를 출범함으로써 선진국뿐만 아니라 개발도상국도 2020년부터 탄소감축의무를 부담하게 되었다. 영국은 기후변화위원회의 권고에 따라 탄소중립경제(Net-Zero Economy) 실현을 위해 국가적 탄소배출 목표를 발표(2019년)하고 온실가스 배출 'Zero'를 기후변화법에 명시하여 모든 산업 인프라 및 환경에 적용시키려 한다. 전 세계에서 최초로 영국의 물산업 분야는 'Net Zero 2030 Routemap'을 발표하여 물산업분야의 탄소중립 실현을 위해 다양한 정책적 로드맵과 실행방안(시나리오)을 수립하였다. 이러한 실행방안은 국가정책에 부합하고 자국내 물기업의 탄소저감 실행계획의 수립을 지원하는데 그 목적이 있다. 구체적인 실행방안은 탄소중립 달성을 위해 비용, 효과, 기술수준 및 기간 등을 고려하여, ①수요주도형, ②기술주도형, ③자연친화주도형, 그리고 ④복합형으로 제시하고 있다. 실행시나리오에 따르면, 수요주도형은 상하수도 분야 수요관리 및 기술, 설비의 효율화를 통한 배출 저감 방안으로 2018~19년 기준, 총배출량 2.41MtCO2e에서 2030년까지 0.54MtCO2e으로 약 77%의 감소효과를 기대하고 있다. 기술주도형의 경우, 심각한 탄소배출 분야의 기술개발 및 혁신을 통해 배출량을 최소화하는 시나리오이며, 총배출량(2.41MtCO2e)을 0.10MtCO2e(약 96%)까지 감소시키기 위한 방안이다. 자연친화주도형은 물기업의 자산 및 그 외 지역에 자연친화적 환경조성을 통한 탄소상쇄방안을 중심으로 총배출량을 0.88MtCO2e(약 63%)까지 저감하는 효과를 나타낸다. 마지막으로 복합협은 시나리오별 실효성과 적용시기를 고려할 때 가장 효과적인 방안으로 약 74%의 저감효과를 나타내지만, 시기적절성, 효과성에서, 가장 최적의 방안으로 제시되고 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 영국 물산업 분야의 탄소중립 정책과 실행방안 분석하고 그 시사점을 제시함으로써 국내 물산업 분야의 탄소중립을 위한 구체적 실행계획 수립에 이바지하고자 한다. 물산업 분야의 탄소중립은 기존 물산업 가치사슬 변화 등 물산업 생태계 전반의 변화를 초래할 것이며, 이러한 변화는 국내 물산업의 자본·운영시장의 비용증가에 대한 도전과 신재생에너지 기술 등 탄소 중립 기술 습득 및 새로운 일자리 창출 등 신(新)시장체계에 대한 기회가 동시에 상존한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.111-111
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• 2021

메콩지역은 최근 연 7%에 육박하는 경제성장률을 달성하며 아세안의 고성장을 지속 견인하고 있으나, 기후변화 및 급속한 도시화로 매년 가뭄·홍수 등 물 관련 재해 발생 빈도 및 강도 증가와 이에 따른 상·하류 국가간 물 분쟁 등으로 인해 메콩지역 지속가능 발전에 지장이 초래되고 있다. 이에 한국과 미국은 메콩우호국(Friends of the Lower Mekong, FLM) "메콩지역 수자원 데이터 관리 및 정보공유 강화에 관한 공동성명(2018년 8월)"을 계기로 메콩유역의 실시간 수자원 변동 모니터링 및 분석과 수자원 데이터 공동활용 역량을 강화하여 효율적이고 과학적인 수자원관리 지원과 함께 한국의 신남방정책과 미국의 인도-태평양 전략 시너지효과를 극대화하고자 메콩 주변국 재해경감 및 수자원 데이터 활용 역량강화를 위한 글로벌 위성기반 수문자료의 생산·활용 및 홍수·가뭄 등의 수재해 분석기술을 개발하고 있다. 여기에는 한국 K-water의 물관리 기술과 미국 NASA, USACE의 위성활용 및 수자원분석 기술을 접목하여 메콩지역의 체계적인 물관리 및 재해로부터 안전성 확보 기여에 목표를 두고 연구를 진행 중에 있다. 본 연구에서는 전 세계적으로 광범위하게 활용되고 있는 미공병단(USACE, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers)의 HEC software 프로그램을 메콩 시범지역(pilot area)에 적용하여 수리/수문모델 구축을 진행코자 한다. 구축되는 모형은 유역 상류 댐의 연계 모의운영 및 하류 홍수분석이 동시 가능한 HEC-RTS(Real-Time Simulation)로 이는 HEC-HMS, -ResSim, -RAS와 -FIA 모형이 순차적으로 결합된 수리/수문 모델링 시스템이다. 모형의 시범적용 지역은 현지 메콩위원회(MRC, Mekong River Comission)의 의견 등을 반영, 메콩강 하류지역(Lower Mekong) 본류 유역에 위성 자료 활용 및 준실시간(near real-time)으로 댐 모의운영 등을 고려할 수 있는 JingHong댐(중국 란창강 최하류)에서 라오스 Xayaburi댐(메콩강 최상류)까지의 구간을 선정하였다. 한편, 금번 연구에서는 HEC-RTS 중 HMS 모형 적용을 중심으로 가용한 위성자료(GPM IMERG)와 K-LIS 지표 모형 생산 자료를 활용하여 과거 홍수사상에 대한 모의를 고려하였다. 아울러, 연구에서 구축된 HMS 모형은 HEC-RTS에 포함되어 메콩 시범지역의 종합적 수리/수문분석에 적용될 예정이다.

• 한국노년학
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.1263-1280
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• 2010

The present study describes the acculturation meaning of 12 Chinese-Chosun residential care attendants(RCAs) who are currently working in long-term care settings for Korean older adults. Using a qualitative research method, the findings show that the acculturation process of Chinese-Chosun RCAs consists of three stages: entrance, conflict, and adaptation. In the initial stage, the assets of the social and cultural networks among their friends and relatives, who already settled down or employed as RCAs, provided more opportunities for being employed as a RCA. However, most Chinese-Chosun RCAs experienced a number of conflicts while they adapted to mainstream society and perform caregiving tasks. They perceived discrimination, heavy workload, prejudice, and homesick. Nevertheless, they appeared to adapt effectively to Korean society and working environments because they were aware of the various benefits of working as a RCA such as higher wage and more job openings compared to other jobs, a rapport with the patients and patients' families, flexible work hours, and pride as a caregiver. This type of qualitative groundwork will be an important precursor to the design, implementation, and evaluation of acculturation research for minority immigrant workers in the Korean social welfare system.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.191-225
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• 2014

Most of all, this paper analyzes the current situation of EU(European Union) and ascertain EU's economic condition in terms of tariff lines and non-tariff barriers. and the purpose of this article is to find out the problems of EU's tariff lines and non-tariff barriers. Next, We suggest some future direction of export promotion from Korea to EU more largely for our companies. First, this paper describes the characteristics and outline of EU. The EU is a politico-economic union of 28 member states that are primarily located in Europe. The EU traces its origins from the European Coal and Steel Community(ECSC) and the European Economic Community(EEC), formed by the Inner Six countries in 1951 and 1958, respectively. After that, The Maastricht Treaty established the European Union under its current name in 1993. The latest major amendment to the constitutional basis of the EU, the Treaty of Lisbon, came into force in 2009. There are a combined population of over 500 million inhabitants and generated a nominal gross domestic product(GDP) of 16.692 trillion US dollars in EU. The results are as follows ; First of all, In terms of tariff lines and customs duties, Our companies have to know precisely EU's real tariff lines and other customs duties, and such as value added tax and exercise tax, corporate tax regulated by EU commission and EU's 28 members. second, our companies have to confirm EU's non-tariff barriers. such as RoHS, WEEE, REACH. These non-tariff barriers could be hindrances or obstacles to trade with foreign companies in other countries. We perceive all companies exporting to EU are related with these Technical Barriers to Trade irrespective of their nationality. So, Our companies fulfill the requirements of EU Commission concerning safety, health, environment etc. Also, Our companies choose market-driven strategy to export more largely than before in the field of marketing and logistics.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.67-77
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• 2015

Now that it is the current situation that the smooth supply and demand are necessary for 2nd phase of beginning construction and stable development of Gaesung Industrial Complex, this study was willing to offer the planning criteria and model to establish the lodging for the workers in Gaesung Industrial Complex based on the agreement that both South and North Korea agreed in 2007. Regarding the plan, its standard and the alternative were reviewed considering welfare of workers, economic efficiency, technical validity, possibility of agreement and long-term development. The exclusive area per capita was calculated through Labor Standards Act of Korea and status survey of lodging for the workers provided to border line area between China and North Korea and the economic alternative based on one room for 6 persons with the public restroom was compared with that of development type based on one room for 4 persons with indoor restroom. Especially regarding the proposed site, the area with the optimized position was set by considering gradient, accessibility and convenience of development out of the area of Dongchang-ri where was agreed already and the priority of the proposed site that can keep the existing building site and provide was offered. The necessary period for whole construction was set as approximately 36 months. Regarding construction method, RC Rahmen method was selected as the optimized alternative considering the workmanship of manpower of North Korea and conditions of supply and demand of materials and cluster-type vehicle allocation plan based on 4~6 units considering the efficiency of supplying service facilities and convenient facilities along the simultaneous accommodation of 15,000 people was offered. It was analyzed that total business expenses of approximately 80~100 billion Korean Won would required though there were the difference for each alternative in the charged rental way that the development business owner develops by lending the inter-Korea Cooperation Fund and withdraws the rent by the benefit principle. The possibility of withdrawing the rent was analyzed assuming that the period of withdrawing the investment is 30 years. Especially for the operation management after moving, the establishment of the committee of operating the lodging for the workers of Gaesung Industrial Complex (tentative name) was offered with the dualized governance that the constructor takes charge of operational management, collecting fees and management of infrastructure and human resource management is delegated to North Korea.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.1-20
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• 2020

Coastal ferry routes are very important because they connect the mainland to islands, offer transportation for islanders, and bring tourism to islands. In particular, the recent increase in national income, prevalence of a culture that emphasizes work-life balance, and introduction of the five-day workweek have stoked interest in travel as a leisure pursuit, and demand for tourism from Korean people in islands has increased. As the number of passengers using coastal passenger terminals increases due to changes in the coastal tourism environment, the importance and need for coastal passenger terminal facilities and services is growing. Under these circumstances, it is necessary for the management organizations of coastal passenger terminals to manage and efficiently operate the terminals in such a way that budgets can be reasonably implemented and the convenience of passengers using the terminals is enhanced. This study primarily analyzed the management efficiency of coastal passenger terminals in terms of profitability and public interest using data envelopment analysis. The eight passenger terminals achieved low management efficiency in terms of profitability. These terminals should improve profitability by increasing income from terminal office rental and ancillary businesses and revenue from terminal fees by boosting island tourism and expanding overseas passenger transportation. The eight terminals with low management efficiency for public interest should increase the number of passengers by promoting island tourism, developing tour packages to Japan and China's coastal areas, developing new routes, and introducing super-high-speed ships.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.175-183
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• 2016

The government set up "national happiness, the hope of a new era of national vision under' job center of the creative economy" to achieve by national goals in the first and figure achieved through the establishment of new growth engines of the youth unemployment problem solve and national level there are a number of business start-up support. September 8, 2015 announced the Government's look at the '2016 Year of the budget, the government for new growth engines greatly promoted the venture entrepreneurship ecosystem revitalization and research and development (R & D) the business for enhanced performance in 2017. According to the direction of this study is to evaluate the current creative economy business incubator at the comparison whether the correct orientation mainly entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs preliminary recognition of student entrepreneurship ecosystem. Entrepreneurs 113 people in that way, 71 people pre-entrepreneurs, students 60, workers were founding agencies conducted an online survey of 47 people, 16 people Investors, 50 public and 11 additional persons including a total of 368 people. This study is in line with the orientation of these entrepreneurs to create economic status and recognition of the Republic of Korea entrepreneurship ecosystem, pre- entrepreneurs, students will examine the comparative analysis around. Analysis, social perception of entrepreneurship is somewhat higher than it was confirmed that the negative response of 32.2% to 36.3% of positive response. Social awareness of entrepreneurs showed a 2-fold higher response rate than the negative of response of 17.1% to 41.7% responding that positive recognition for the current start-up environment is bad, the response is good response to higher response rate than 23.5% to 41.1% It showed. The percentage of responses that better respect the entrepreneurship environment of the future Republic of Korea showed a higher response rate than the rate of 23% in response to deteriorate to 41.2%, with 52.9% awareness is the percentage that responded that the bad part about the ruthless Korea's entrepreneurship environment in China good part as response rate approximately three times greater than the 17.7% showed high response rates. Social awareness of entrepreneurs experience the presence of the founding start-up experience was confirmed that the more negative the number increases, the more the contrary the number of start-up experience increased awareness of the current and future environment of entrepreneurship was identified as a positive entrepreneurship environment. Also recognized was confirmed to change the parent of the more positive changes in the start-up of entrepreneurs doctor also positive about entrepreneurship, start-up entrepreneurs start with a doctor's motivation for founding non-economic reasons than for economic reasons has confirmed Higher. This study showed the overall level overview analysis of the status and recognition of the Republic of Korea entrepreneurship ecosystem. Future studies need to be a proposal for an existing previous studies for more precise direction to go forth to analyze the entrepreneurship ecosystem with a focus on problems and improvement of the Republic of Korea entrepreneurship ecosystem.