• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.2
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• pp.131-135
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• 2011

To examine the sex morph, fruiting characteristics and seed viabilities of Acer palmatum var. matsumurae (Koidz.) Makino, the flowers and seed-sets of 101 trees were collected from early April to late October 2010, and floral structure and seed viability were studied. Among investigated 101 trees, 73.3% of trees were protandrous (PA: pollen is shed before stigmas are receptive) and 26.7% were protogynous (PG: stigmas are receptive before pollen is shed). Acer palmatum var. matsumurae has heterodichogamous sexual system. Number of flowers and seed-sets per inflorescence are significantly different between sex morphs, and PA has more flowers and seed-sets per inflorescence than PG. Rates of sound seeds and decayed seeds are significantly different between sex morphs. Rates of sound seeds were 46.4% in PA, but 65.6% in PG. and rates of decayed seeds were 49.6% in PA, but 23.6% in PG. The differences of decayed seeds' rates between sex morphs might be related with the timing of pistil flower blooming and insect pests' outbreak.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.80-88
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• 2013

Carrot (Daucus carota L. var. sativa) is one of the most extensively used vegetable crops in the world and a significant source of nutrient because of its high content of ${\beta}$-carotene, well known as the precursor of vitamin A carotenoid. However, seed-hairs generated and elongated from the epidermal cell of seeds inhibit absorption and germination by various factors such as carotol and so on. Accordingly, mechanical hair removal process is essential before commercialization of carrot seeds. Because of this process, producers will have additional losses such as time consuming, manpower, capital and so on. Furthermore, physical damage of seeds causes irregular germination rate. To overcome such cumbersome weaknesses, new breeding program for developing hairless-seed carrot cultivar has been needed and studies for molecular markers related to seed-hair characteristic is needed for a new breeding program. Therefore, in this study, cDNA libraries from seeds of short-hair seed phenotype CT-SMR 616 OP 659-1 line, hairy-seed phenotype CT-SMR 616 OP 677-14 line and short-hair seed phenotype CT-ATR 615 OP 666-13 line, hairy-seed phenotype CT-ATR 615 OP 671-9 were constructed, respectively. Furthermore, 1,248 ESTs in each line, total 4,992 ESTs were sequenced. As a result, 19 SNP sites and 14 SNP sites in each of 2 combinations were confirmed by analyzing these EST sequences from short-hair and hairy-seed lines. Then we designed SNP primer sets from EST sequences of SNP sites for high resolution melting (HRM) analysis. Designed HRM primers were analyzed using hairy seed phenotype CT-SMR 616 OP 1040 line and short-hair seed phenotype CT-SMR 616 OP 1024, 1025, 1026 lines. One set of HRM primers showed specific difference between the melting curves of hairy and short-hair seed phenotype lines. Based on this result, allele-specific (AS) PCR primers were designed for easier selection between hairy-seed carrot and hairless seed carrot. These results of HRM and AS-PCR are expected to be useful in breeding of hairless seed carrot cultivar as a molecular marker.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.497-506
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the proper minimum viable population of a seed bank for the ecological restoration of pine forest using a seed bank. It examined the germinated soil seed bank from August 2010 to November 2011. The results of the correlation analysis showed that the area and the number of herbaceous species were the highest at 0.686. The results of the regression analysis of four variables including the number of woody species, the number of woody individuals, the number of herbaceous species, and the number of herbaceous individuals using the theory of island biogeography to the minimum viable population in studied plots showed that all four variables were significant with area at the level of 0.05, and R square was 0.583. One function was selected between the number of species and the number of individuals from the canonical correlation analysis, and the function square was 0.824. Both canonical function and squared canonical correlation showed significant at the level of 0.01. The result of study recommended the area size of the minimum viable population in pine forest applied by seed bank to be larger than $64m^2$, the number of species to be over 21, and the number of population to be over 120. It also found that the number of herbaceous species determined the cluster size of the seed bank. Therefore, it is necessary to consider herbaceous species that appear in the seed bank.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2021.04a
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• pp.19-19
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• 2021

경남 양산의 천성산에서만 생육하는 산림청·국립수목원 지정 희귀식물(Critically Endangered, CR) 주걱댕강나무 개체군을 대상으로 20개소의 방형구(10×10m, 100m²) 내 개체의 특성(개체수, 개화, 결실 등), 종자의 활력검정, 차광처리에 따른 생육 특성 및 우리나라 전역의 생육가능성에 대해 알아보았다. 20개소의 대상지에서 확인한 개체수는 총 3,270개체이며, 평균 개체밀도는 1.635/m²이다. 평균 수고는 1.1m 정도이며, 평균개화율은 27.37%이고 개화는 1.0~1.8m(평균수고 1.39m) 수고에서 집중되었다. 한편, 결실률은 평균 1.67%로 매우 낮았다. 종자의 크기는 평균 너비 0.27mm, 높이 0.18mm 정도로 너무 작아 X-ray 촬영을 통한 충실검정은 확인할 수 없었다. 종자를 1% Agar배지에 종자를 치상한 후 온도조건(15, 20, 25℃)에 따른 실험 및 온도(15, 20, 25℃)와 GA3 농도(100, 250, 500PPM)처리 실험 모두 발아율은 0%였다. 결실률이 매우 낮고, 종자 발아율 또한 낮으며 지하경을 뻗는 특성으로 보아 종자는 휴면종자이며 영양생장을 취하는 것으로 판단된다. 차광처리에 따른 생육 특성 실험 결과, 신초는 평균 30.6mm 성장, 엽록소 평균 함량 25.30, 잎의 수 평균 8.32개, 잎 길이 평균 35.93mm, 잎 폭 평균 20.37mm정도 성장하여 엽면적은 평균 761.10mm로 나타났다. 생육은 조도계를 활용한 실 차광률로 볼 때, 67.8% > 82.8% > 88.2% > 43.2% > 91.9%의 순서로 나타났다. 주걱댕강나무 자생지 내 수관열림도가 21.86%로 이를 차광률로 환산할 경우 70%내외의 차광률에서 생육이 효율적인 것을 확인하였다. 기후대별로 5개소에 이식한 주걱댕강나무는 이듬해까지 모두 생육이 원활하였다. A. spathulata를 Diabelia ionostachya종들과 가까운 유연관계를 가진다는 연구에서 D. ionostachya 샘플은 위도상 강원도 고성군에 속하고 있어 우리나라 대부분 지역에서 식재가 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.1
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• pp.91-95
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• 2012

To examine the sex morph, heterodichogamy, fruiting characteristics and seed viabilities of Acer palmatum, sixty three planted trees were monitered in Wonju-si for two years in terms of their sex morph, flowering and fruiting habit. Most flowers of A. palmatum are pollinated by Apis mellifera, Helophilus virgatus, a few (3.57%) are pollinated by wind. Twenty four trees (42.9%) in 2010, and twenty trees (31.7%) in 2011 were proved protandrous (PA: pollen is shed before stigmas are receptive), thirty two (50.8%) in 2010, thirty trees (47.6%) in 2011 were proved protogynous (PG: stigmas are receptive before pollen is shed). This result means that Acer palmatum has heterodichogamous sexual system. Five trees (7.9%) have changed their sex morphs; 4 trees change the sex morp PA to PG, and one does the sex morph PG to PA. Rates of sound seeds and decayed seeds were significantly different between sex morphs. Rates of sound seeds were 51.6% (2010) and 64.0% (2011) in PA, but 30.4% (2010) and 40.4% (2011) in PG. and rates of decayed seeds did 40.0% (2010) and 31.2% (2011) in PA, but 65.6% (2010) and 56.8% (2011) in PG. The differences of decayed seeds' rates between sex morphs might be related with the timing of insect pests' outbreak.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.569-573
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• 1995

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of Azukibean seeds gained from virus-infected plant on the growth and yield of the next generation. In conventional cultivation, plants showed high infection rate, whereas plants in isolation cultivation showed normal growth without virus-infection. It was considered that virus-infection of Azukibean(variety Chungjupat) occurred not because of seed infection but because of insects-vector in growing period. And thread-shaped virus particles were observed in diseased leaf showing mosaic through electron microscope.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the variation of cone, seed and germination characteristics among populations and among individuals within populations of Picea jezoensis(Siebold & Zuccarini) Carriere distributed in Korea. Cone collected from 25 trees in two natural populations(Mt. Jiri and Mt. Dokyu) and their thirteen cone and seed characteristics as well as three germination behaviors were analyzed. Statistical analysis showed significant differences among populations and among individuals within populations in 9 traits except for seed breadth, seed weight, index of seed wing and mean germination time. Generally, morphological variation of cone and seed wings from Mt. Jiri population has smaller and longer than those of Mt. Dokyu population. Percentage of sound seeds and Tetrazolium test from Mt. Jiri population showed 1.79 and 1.87 higher values than Mt. Dokyu population, respectively. The maximum germination percentage was obtained at the optimum temperature of $20^{\circ}C$ and in this case, mean germination time and germination rate showed 7.5 days and 2.9 ea./day, respectively. In seed germination behaviors, percentage(40.7%) and rate(0.90 ea./day) of germination in Mt. Jiri population were more higher and faster than those of Mt. Dokyu population(17.7%, 0.37 ea./day). According to correlation analysis, P. jezoensis populations with small restricted distribution may have been reduced because seed qualities were correlated with increased levels of inbreeding and disproportion flowering.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.175-181
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• 1997

Plants were regenerated from hypocotyl protoplast culture of cabbage (F$_1$hybrid Green Challenger) and were transplanted on fields. The ploidy level of regenerated and seed-grown plants was measured by flow cytometry. In total 125 regenerated plant, diploid (2n), tetraploid(4n), and mixoploid (2n+4n) were 72.8%, 25.6%, and 1.6%, respectively. Most of the regenerated plants had normal phenotype, whereas several plane showed abnormal phenotype such as heavy leaf incision, savoy, and wave. The regenerated plants with abnormal phenotype and different ploidy level were analysed by isozyme and RAPD, but no significant difference was found.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1025-1038
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• 2010

Carrot ($Daucus$ $carota$ L. var. $sativa$) is one of the most widely used crops in the world. Moreover it is an important crop because of its high content of ${\beta}$-carotene, well-known as the precursor of vitamin A carotenoid. However, seed-hair which is generated in epidermal cell of seeds inhibits absorption and germination. For that reason, carrot seeds are commercialized after mechanical hair removal process. To overcome such cumbersome weaknesses, new breeding program for developing hairless-seed carrot cultivar has been needed. Therefore, in this study, cDNA libraries from seeds of short-hair seed phenotype CT-ATR615 OP 666-13line and hairy seed CT-ATR615 OP-CK1-9 line were constructed and expression patterns related to generation of seed-hair were analyzed by comparison of EST sequences. Differential EST sequence results between two lines were classified into FunCat functional categories based on the results of BlastX search. Higher expression quantities belonging to metabolic category were shown on short-hair seed line than hairy-seed one. Differential expression quantities between those two lines in the protein folding and stabilization, subcellular localization categories were supposed to contribute variously on the generation of seed-hair. We confirmed 50 and 59 SSR sites, and 2 SNP sites by analyzing EST sequences in two lines; thereafter, we designed SNP and SSR primer sets from these EST sequence information as a molecular marker. These markers are thought to be used in research of molecular markers for classification of carrot family and related to various traits, as well as seed-hair characteristic.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.189-197
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• 2003

Properties of seed production in Corydalis, spring ephemeral, group were studied during two years at Namhansansung area. Corydalis´ flower was out in the early April and its seed dispersed in the early May. The period of total seed production was 30 days. The decrease rate of sex organs was the highest between deflowering time and early fruiting time. The numbers of flower and seed per plant were in the range of 1∼13 and 0∼76, respectively. And the number of seed per fruit was from zero to twenty. In a plant, seed production was the most (11.8 seeds) in the lowest fruit and conspicuously decreased along the upward fruit. In the same plant, seed production was various by each year. The plants of small tuber size produced more seeds and those of large tuber size produced fewer seeds in the next year than this year. In the early growth season, the flowering plants/total plants rate increased in proportion to plant size (tuber volume), the rate of the smallest size class (<100 ㎣) was in the range of 5.0%(1999)∼5.4%(2000), those over the 600 ㎣ size classes were 100%. The number of flower per plant at the same size class were higher in 2000 than in 1999. Especially, at the size class of 900 ㎣≤, the numbers of flower per plant were 13.2 in 2000 and 6.5 in 1999. In the late growth season, the flowering plants/total plants rates were 13.3%in the smallest size class (<100 ㎣)and 100% over the 500 ㎣ size classes. Therefore, the flowering plants/total plants rates along the size classes were higher in the late growth season than in the early one. The bumer of fruit or seed per plant increased in proportion to the volume and dry weight of tuber, there was not significant and varied along each plant in the same size class. The number of fruit or seed per plant conspicuously increased in proportion to the leaf area. Therefore, it was thought that seed production was related to photosynthetic ability during growth season.