Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회지)

Korean Society of Forest Science (한국산림과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Sex Morph, Fruiting Characteristics, and Seed Viability of Acer palmatum var. matsumurae (Koidz.) Makino

뜰단풍의 성 형태, 결실특성 및 종자활력

  • Kim, Gab Tae (Department of Forest Sciences, Sangji University)
  • 김갑태 (상지대학교 산림과학과)
  • Received : 2010.12.01
  • Accepted : 2011.04.21
  • Published : 2011.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

To examine the sex morph, fruiting characteristics and seed viabilities of Acer palmatum var. matsumurae (Koidz.) Makino, the flowers and seed-sets of 101 trees were collected from early April to late October 2010, and floral structure and seed viability were studied. Among investigated 101 trees, 73.3% of trees were protandrous (PA: pollen is shed before stigmas are receptive) and 26.7% were protogynous (PG: stigmas are receptive before pollen is shed). Acer palmatum var. matsumurae has heterodichogamous sexual system. Number of flowers and seed-sets per inflorescence are significantly different between sex morphs, and PA has more flowers and seed-sets per inflorescence than PG. Rates of sound seeds and decayed seeds are significantly different between sex morphs. Rates of sound seeds were 46.4% in PA, but 65.6% in PG. and rates of decayed seeds were 49.6% in PA, but 23.6% in PG. The differences of decayed seeds' rates between sex morphs might be related with the timing of pistil flower blooming and insect pests' outbreak.

단풍나무속에 흔하다고 알려진 이형자웅이숙현상을 파악해 보고자, 원주지역에 생육 중인 뜰단풍(Acer palmatum var. matsumurae) 101주를 대상으로 성 형태, 결실특성 및 종자활력에 대하여, 2010년 4월 초순부터 10월 하순까지 조사하였다. 101주의 뜰단풍 중에서 74개체(73.3%)에서는 수꽃이 먼저 개화하고, 암술은 흔적기관인 웅예선숙(雄蕊先熟)개체 (Protandrous, PA)였으며, 27개체(26.7%)는 암꽃이 먼저 개화하고, 수술이 소실되는 웅예선숙(雄蕊先熟) 개체(Protgynous, PG)로 뜰단풍은 이형자웅이숙(異型雌雄異熟: heterodichogamy)하는 것이 밝혀졌다. 성형태에 따른 화서당 꽃 수와 종자셑 수는 통계적 유의차가 인정되었으며, 웅예선숙 개체가 자예선숙 개체보다 많았다. 건전종자와 부후종자의 비율에서는 성 형태 간의 통계적 유의성이 인정되었다. 건전종자의 비율이 웅예선숙 개체에서 46.4%였으며, 자예선숙 개체에서는 65.6%로 나타났다. 부후종자의 비율은 웅예선숙 개체에서는 49.6%였으며, 자예선숙 개체에서는 23.6%로 나타났다. 성형태간의 부후종자율의 차이는 암꽃의 개화시기와 종실가해 해충들의 활동시기와 관련이 있을 것이라 사료된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Charlesworth, D. 1999. Theories of the evolution of dioecy. pp. 33-60, In : M.A. Geber, T.E. Dawson and L.F. Delp(eds.) Gender and Sexual Dimorphism in Flowering Plants. Springer. New York, USA.
  2. Crawley, M.J. 2000. Seed predators and plant population dynamics. pp 167-182, In : M. Fenner Seeds: The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities. 2nd ed. CABI Publishing. New York , USA.
  3. Darwin, C. 1877. The Different Forms of Flowers on Plants of the Same Species. New York, NY, USA: Appleton.
  4. Gleiser, G., Verdu. M., Segarra-Moragues, J.G., Gonzalez-Martinez, S.C. and Pannell, J.R. 2008a. Disassorative mating, sexual specialization, and the evolution of gender dimorphism in heterodichogamous Acer opalus. Evolution 62: 1676-1688. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00394.x
  5. Gleiser, G., Pannell. J.R., Segarra-Moragues, J.G., and Verdu, M. 2008b. Siring success and paternal effects in mating, sexual specialization, and the evolution of gender dimorphism in heterodichogamous Acer opalus. Annals of Botany 101: 1017-1026. https://doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcn030
  6. Gleiser, G. and Verdu, M. 2005. Repeated evolution of dioecy from androdioecy in Acer. New Phytologist 165: 633-1640.
  7. Kim, G.T., Kim, H.J. and Um, T.W. 2010. Insect damage on Acer pictum subsp. mono (Maxim.) Ohashi seeds in Korean peninsula. The International Forestry Review 12(5): 391-392. XXIII IUFRO World Congress, Forests for the Future: Sustaining Society and the Environment, 23-28 August 2010, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
  8. Kim, G.T. and Kim, H.J. 2010. Studies on the seed characteristics and seed viabilities of six Acer species in relation to natural regeneration in Korea. Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference 21(1): 49-51 (in Korean).
  9. Kim, H.J. 2011. Effects of Sex Morph, Flowering, Fruiting and Insect Predation on Viable Seed Production of Acer pictum subsp. mono in Mt. Jungwang, Gangwon-do, Korea. MS Thesis, Seoul Natl. Univ., 46pp (in Korean with English abstract).
  10. Kim, H.J. and Lee, D.K. 2010. Seed viability and amount of major fallen broadleaved tree seeds in the middle part of Korean peninsula.The International Forestry Review 12(5): 237: XXIII IUFRO World Congress, Forests for the Future: Sustaining Society and the Environment, 23-28 August 2010, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
  11. Pannell, J.R. and Verdu, M. 2006. The evolution of gender specialization from dimorphic hermaphroditism: Paths from heterodichogamy to gynodioecy and androdioecy. Evolution 60: 660-673. https://doi.org/10.1554/05-481.1
  12. Renner, S. and Ricklefs, R. 1995. Dioecy and its correlates in the flowering plants. American Journal of Botany 82: 596-606. https://doi.org/10.2307/2445418
  13. Renner S.S., Beenken, L., Grimm, G.W., Kocyan, A. and Ricklefs, R.E. 2007. The evolution of dioecy, heterodichogamy, and labile sex expression in Acer. Evolution 61: 2701-2719. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00221.x
  14. Sato, T. 2002. Phenology of sex expression and gender variation in a heterodichogamous maple, Acer japonicum. Ecology 83(5): 1226-1238. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(2002)083[1226:POSEAG]2.0.CO;2
  15. Shibata, M., Kikuchi, S., Tanaka, H., Sueyoshi, H., Yoshimaru, H. and Niiyama, K. 2009. Effects of population density, sex morph, and tree size on reproduction in heterodichogamous maple, Acer mono, in a temperate forest of Japan. Ecological Research 24: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-008-0474-4
  16. Tal, O. 2009. Acer pseudoplatanus (Sapindaceae): heterodichogamy and thrips pollination. Plant Systematics and Evolution 278: 211-221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-008-0141-9
  17. Wada, N. and Ribbens, E. 1997. Japanese maple (Acer palmatum var. matsumurae) recruitment patterns: seeds, seedlings, and saplings in relation to conspecific adult neighbors. American Journal of Botany 84(9): 1294-1300. https://doi.org/10.2307/2446055