• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.286-298
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• 2002

The Remote Procedure Call(RPC) has been traditionally used for Inter Process Communication(IPC) among precesses in distributed computing environment. As distributed applications have been complicated more and more, the Mobile Agent paradigm for IPC is emerged. Because there are some paradigms for IPC, researches to evaluate and compare the performance of each paradigm are issued recently. But the performance models used in the previous research did not reflect real distributed computing environment correctly, because they did not consider the evacuation elements for providing security services. Since real distributed environment is open, it is very vulnerable to a variety of attacks. In order to execute applications securely in distributed computing environment, security services which protect applications and information against the attacks must be considered. In this paper, we evaluate and compare the performance of the Remote Procedure Call with that of the Mobile Agent in IPC paradigms. We examine security services to execute applications securely, and propose new performance models considering those services. We design performance models, which describe information retrieval system through N database services, using Petri Net. We compare the performance of two paradigms by assigning numerical values to parameters and measuring the execution time of two paradigms. In this paper, the comparison of two performance models with security services for secure communication shows the results that the execution time of the Remote Procedure Call performance model is sharply increased because of many communications with the high cryptography mechanism between hosts, and that the execution time of the Mobile Agent model is gradually increased because the Mobile Agent paradigm can reduce the quantity of the communications between hosts.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.58-71
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to categorize preconceived notions by elementary science gifted students about the reason why only one side of the moon is visible and develop an instructional module to correct these notions scientifically. The effectiveness of these modules will then be tested. The participants of this study were 15 (5th and 6th grade students) from Gwangju Metropolitan City and Chonnam Province who passed a gifted student assessment test developed by J university. The student's notions about the reason only one side of the moon is visible were assessed through questionnaires, interviews, and reenactments. Instructional modules to minimize these notions were developed and then improved upon by class reenactments. And then these modules were used to teach a real class with cameras recording the students. Protocols were analyzed using this footage, and emphasis was placed on how the developed class module changed student's misconceptions. The instructional module developed in this study was: student conception assessment writing materials exploration activity stage 1 (moon's orbit) exploration activity stage 2 (moon's rotation) - exploration activity stage 3 (moon's orbit and rotation) - exploration activity stage 4 (verbalizing the moon's orbit and rotation) - exploration activity stage 5 (thinking about moon movement considering earth's rotation - exploration activity stage 6 (relating the earth and moon's movement) and verifying student conception change. An important conclusion of this study was that all 15 students had misconceptions that could be divided into categories A, B, and C. Category A could be separated with more specifics into A-1 and A-2, and C into C-1 and C-2. After the instructional module was utilized, the student categories show positive change in the following stages: Category A at exploration activity stage 1 and 2, Category B at exploration activity stage 3, Category C-1 at exploration activity stage 4 and 5, and Category C-2 at exploration activity stage 6. Category C-1 students immediately changed to Category C-2 after going through a few stages, and their misconceptions were finally corrected after going through exploration activity stage 6. The misconceptions of students in all categories were corrected scientifically after completing stage 6 education. This study proposes that a combined education of reenactments, exploration materials development, and exploration activities by stages will effectively correct misconceptions about the Earth and moon's movement.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2005

Purpose: X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy(ALD) is a rare disorder that shows a great deal of phenotypic variability. We subdivided chidhood X-linked ALD patients into several phenotypes by the age at onset, the sites of most severe clinical involvement and the rate of progression of neurologic symptoms. Methods: Thirteen patients who had been diagnosed as X-linked ALD and followed up for at least one year were enrolled from 1996 to 2003. Results: 1. Ten had childhood cerebral ALD, who showed first neurologic symptoms at 7.02 years and progressed rapidly: interval between first symptoms and vegetative state was 1.35 years, and interval from initial symptoms to death was 3.35 years. Treatment with Lorenzo's oil did not prevent neurologic progression. Two patients who underwent umbilical cord blood transplantation died. 2. Two had adolescent cerebral ALD. They had first symptoms at 11.5 years, and showed tendency to progress less rapidly than childhood cerebral form patients. 3. One "Addison only" patient who had adrenal insufficiency without nervous system involvement remained asymptomatic during Lorenzo's oil treatment. 4. All cerebral form patients except one showed the lesions in both parieto-ocipital white matter in brain magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusion: The cerebral ALD was the most common form in childhood and was asoociated with a serious prognosis.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.247-256
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• 2012

This study was conducted to provide strategies for the reduction of plate waste and prevention of plate waste reuse in foodservice operations. To achieve these goals, we surveyed the entrepreneurs of foodservice operations, professionals in the field of foodservice management and food safety, and public officials working for food safety enforcement about their perceptions and strategies on plate waste management. The professionals' survey indicated that definition of plate waste needed to be clear for understanding. Also Korean food culture insisting on abundance and variety table settings, foodservice owners' demands for cost reduction, and foodservice workers' insufficient safety perceptions were indicated to bring forth the practice to reuse plate waste. The effective ways to control plate waste management were systematic educational supports for Korean food culture upgrade among consumers and improvements of safety perceptions among owners, as well as workers. Also small portion size was needed to reduce plate waste.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.410-417
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• 2010

Various functional foods, marketing health and functional effects, have been distributed in the market. These products, being in forms of foods, tablets, and capsules, are likely to be mistaken as drugs. In addition, non-experts may sell these as foods, or use these for therapy. Efforts for creating health food regulations or building regulatory system for improving the current status of functional foods have been made, but these have not been communicated to consumers yet. As a result, problems of circulating functional foods for therapy or adding illegal medical to such products have persisted, which has become worse by internet media. The cause of this problem can be categorized into (1) product itself and (2) its use, but in either case, one possible cause is lack of communications with consumers. Potential problems that can be caused by functional foods include illegal substances, hazardous substances, allergic reactions, considerations when administered to patients, drug interactions, ingredients with purity or concentrations too low to be detected, products with metabolic activations, health risks from over- or under-dose of vitamin and minerals, and products with alkaloids. (Journal of Health Science, 56, Supplement (2010)). The reason why side effects related to functional foods have been increasing is that under-qualified functional food companies are exaggerating the functionality for marketing purposes. KFDA has been informing consumers, through its web pages, to address the above mentioned issues related to functional foods, but there still is room for improvement, to promote proper use of functional foods and avoid drug interactions. Specifically, to address these issues, institutionalizing to collect information on approved products and their side effects, settling reevaluation systems, and standardizing preclinical tests and clinical tests are becoming urgent. Also to provide crucial information, unified database systems, seamlessly aggregating heterogeneous data in different domains, with user interfaces enabling effective one-stop search, are crucial.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.145-154
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• 1999

With the introduction of digital technology since the late 1970s, we have been shifting from the industrial era into the information age. New communication systems have changed our concept of reality. Korea has a wealthy communication heritage with its own language and alphabet. However, Korean typography today has struggled to keep its originality, and does not hold up well to international standards. Korean contemporary typography is not efficient for communicating. It is not orderly, organised and simple. It has currently become complicated and decorative. Moreover, many young designers are attracted by imitations of western trends. It is now time for Korea to reveal its own identity. How can it develop a new typographic language that is more sympathetic to Korean tradition\ulcorner How will Korean information design produce a contemporary style with international relevance that contributes to world culture\ulcorner This thesis will be developed a new Korean typographic language that relies more on Korean traditions. Simultaneously, in this thesis will be examined Swiss typography as a relevant style for a new Korean typography to incorporate. Swiss typography maintained a similar philosophy to Korean tradition with its emphasis on clarity and simplicity. This study will be explored the potential of creating a contemporary Korean typographic solution which combines the traditions of Korea with the clarity of Swiss typography. The first attitude of the new typographic language should focus on legibility. The second condition of the new typographic philosophy based on the ability of designers is interpretation of context. The third concept of the new language is founded on an objective, rational design attitude. The final mental attitude of the new typographic language should feel a deep obligation to traditions. It is crucial time for Korean alphabet to establish a relevant standard rather than goes uncritically with the international current. Korea has had worthy traditions. It is suggested that the answers to 'good design' lie in the study of Korea's own history. Simultaneously, the research of Swiss design which is a

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.41 no.2 s.113
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• pp.212-226
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• 2006

Surface data generally represent continuous distribution of geographical or social phenomena of a region in urban analysis. Instances include distribution of temperature, population of region, and various distributions related to human activities. When spatial data are given in the form of surface, surface comparison is required as a way of comprehending the surface change or the relationship between two surfaces. As for previous approaches of surface comparison, there are visualization, quantitative methods and qualitative method. All those approaches, however, show the difference between two surfaces in a limited way. Especially, they are not able to distinguish spatial difference between two surfaces. To overcome such problem, this paper proposes a method of comparing two surfaces in terms of their spatial structure. Main concept of the method comes from earth moving problem and the method is named minimum surface transformation, here. When a surface is transformed into another, total surface volume moved in the process of transformation should be the minimum. Both quantitative and spatial differences between two surfaces are evaluted by total surface volume moved and the distribution of moved surface volume of each cell respectively. The method is applied to hypothetical and actual data. From the former, it is understood that the method explains how two surfaces are quantitatively and spatially different. The result of the latter shows that moved total surface volume decreases as time goes by which fits the actual situation that population change rate gets smaller. Concerning the other measure of surface difference, the distribution of $X_{ij}$ describes detailed flow of surface volume than that of simply subtracting surface volume by indicating to what direction the population change occurs.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.75-83
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• 2012

Marking the first anniversary of the Fukushima nuclear accident, which took place on March 11th, 2011, the level of adolescent awareness and understanding of radiation was surveyed, and the results were then compared with those for adults with the same questionnaires conducted at similar times. A qualitative survey and frequency analysis were made for the design of the study methodology. Those surveyed were limited to 3rd grade middle school students, 15 years of age, who are the future generation. The questionnaire, which is a survey tool, was directly distributed to the students and 2,217 answers were analysed. The questionnaires were composed of 40 questions, and it was found that Cronbach's coefficient was high with 'self awareness of radiation' at 0.494, 'risk of radiation' at 0.843, 'benefit of radiation' at 0.748, 'radiological safety control' at 0.692, 'information sources of radiation' at 0.819, and 'impacts of Fukushima accident'. The results of the survey analysis showed that the students' knowledge of radiation was not very high with 67.4 points (69.5 points for adults) calculated on a maximum scale of 100 points (converted points). The impacts of the Fukushima nuclear accident were found to be less significant to adolescents than adults, and the rate of answer of "so" or " very so" in the following questions demonstrates this well. It was also shown that the impacts of the Fukushima accident to adolescents were comparatively low with 27.0% (38.9% for adults) on the question of "attitude changed against nuclear power due to the Fukushima accident," 65.7%(86.6% for adults) on the question of "the damages from the Fukushima accident was immeasurably huge," and 65.0% (86.3% for adults) on "the Fukushima accident contributed to raising awareness on the safety of nuclear power plants". The adolescents had a high rate of "average" answers on most of the questions compared with adults, and it can be construed that this resulted from adolescent awareness of radiation not being firmly rooted on themselves. This study was the first of its kind for surveying adolescents regarding the level of awareness of radiation after the Fukushima accident, and the results were compared with the survey results of adults, and they are expected to greatly contribute toward establishing a radiation policy by the government in the future.

• Koreanishche Zeitschrift fur Deutsche Sprachwissenschaft
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• v.7
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• pp.1-24
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• 2003

우리는 지금까지 독일어와 한국어 두 언어간의 오류분석을 논의해 왔다. 특히 언어유형학적인 측면에서 몇 가지 오류유형과 분석을 시도했다. 그 결과는 대체로 다음과 같이 요약될 수 있다. 독일어와 한국어가 서로 근본적으로 상반되는 언어현상과 더불어 약간의 공통성을 나타내며 일정한 유형을 나타낸다. 이는 두로 인간의 언어습득장치에 기인된 언어습득의 결정주의(Determinismus)에서 비롯될 것이다. 언어특성/문제의 체계성/규칙성 또는 일관성은 이를 반영한다. 거대한 언어자료 중에 극히 미미한 일부, 즉 언어최소량를 정복함으로써 그 효용성을 극대화할 수 있는 것은 매우 중요한 의미를 지닌다. 이를 연구 이용하는 경우에는 엄청난 효과와 가능성을 기대할 수 있을 것이다. (1) 독일어와 한국어의 학습 및 오류분석에서 가장 핵심적인 것은 언어유형학적으로 드러난 언어특성, 즉 전치성(독일어/영어)과 후치성(한국어)이다. 이를 토대로 형성된 대립적인 면과 공통적인 문제를 체계화하는 것이 역시 오류분석 문제의 관건이다. 또한 독일어가 아직 후치성 언어(한국어(TXV))에서 출발해서 전치성 언어(영어(SVX))로 발전/변화해 가는 과정, 즉 중간단계인 TVX에 머물고 있다는 사실이 중요한 의미를 지닌다. 즉 그들의 대극성과 유사성을 연결하는 실마리로 볼 수 있기 때문이다. (2) 일치(Kongruenz)/상관(Korrelation) 및 반복(Wiederholung) 현상, 그리고 격변화와 인칭변화 현상은 어순문제와 더불어 형태론적 문제를 통해 문법적인 확인수단으로 작용한다. 이들은 대부분 체계적/구조적으로 나타나기 때문에 학습자는 흔히 같은 유형에서 반복적으로 오류를 범하기 마련이다. 이를 극복하기 위해서 언어 유형학적 오류분석을 이해하고 또한 이를 통해 오류를 줄이거나 예방하는 학습이 필요하다. (3) 명사가 한정사구 안에서 성/수/격에 따라 변화하는 것과 동사가 동사구에서 주어의 인칭/수에 따라 인칭변화 하는 것은 우리 한국인에게는 아주 이색적인 현상이다. 이는 양면적인 수식구조에 대한 확인수단 및 원자가에 의한 강력한 형식위주 언어인 독일어와 전위적인 단일 수식구조와 부정형 동사를 특성으로 형성된 핵/최소문 언어간의 필연적인 적응관계 및 결과라고 볼 수 있다. 이 두 가지 유형 역시 언어특성에 따라 도식화/공식화 할 수 있다. (4) 괄호현상, 즉 으뜸머리(Hauptkopf)가 버금머리(Nebenkopf)와 분리하는 것은 우리 한국인에게는 아주 이색적인 언어현상이다. 한국어에는 머리의 이동이 없기 때문이다. 긴 구문에서 버금머리를 잊어버리거나 실수하는 것은 모든 괄호구문에서 예견되는 결과이다. 그러나 이는 정치성과 후치성 언어간의 전이 과정으로 이해될 수 있다. 으뜸머리가 원래의 자리를 박차고 소속 구/문의 앞자리로 도약한 것처럼 느껴지기 때문이다. (5) 전치 및 후치 수식이 유동적으로 작용하는 독일어는 전치 수식만으로 고정된 한국어보다 복잡하지만 균형적인 언어구조이다. 이러한 수식구조에서 한국인은 흔히 형태 및 어순에서, 그리고 번역에서 오류를 범하고 만다. (6) 그러나 가장 중요한 것은 아는 것을 제대로 이용하는 문제이다. 모국어/L2를 자유로이 말하고 쓸 때까지, 즉 언어습득에는 일체이 문법이나 도표/도식을 이용할 필요가 없다는 사실이다. 이는 17세기 서구의 이성주의 철학자들의 한결같은 경고이다. 오늘날 초고속 과학문명에서 더욱 빛을 발하는 것은 당연한 결과이다. 한 언어 속에 들어있는 문법체계를 익혀 가는 것이 곧 언어습득 과정이지만, 이를 달성하는 가능성 내지 첩경은 실제적인 언어자료와 체험이지 결코 문법이나 추상적인 개념적 접근이 아님을 웅변하고 있기 때문이다. 핵심적인 문제는 모국어교육에서도 최대 장점인 대화를 통한 언어연습/대화 기회를 최대한 보장하는 데 있다. 또한 언어간섭 현상을 조장하는 분위기를 막아야 할 것이다. 이러한 의미에서 교수법 개발이 외국어/L2 성공의 관건일 것이다. (7) 언어학습에서 오류를 극복하는 데는 일차적인 실제 상황에 부합하는 대화적인 연습, 그리고 효과적인 언어자료 접촉, 즉 독서와 모방이 중요하다. 이차적이고 직접적인 것은 통사(Syntax) 및 형태론(Morphologie)를 익힐 수 있는 말/문을 끊임없이 익히는 일이다. 이것이 또한 언어최소량을 충족시켜 언어습득에 이르는 첩경이다. 자연 생태적인 모국어 학습 또는 조정 및 제도적인 언어학습에서도 실제상황에 어긋나는 문법적인 체계에 얽매이는 도식 및 도표 위주의 텟스트는 일시적인 기대일 뿐이다. 인간의 언어습득장치를 이해하지 못한 결과이기 때문이다. 문법적인 개념위주 접근은 상당한 설명이 필요해서 절박한 자료와 체험까지 앗아가기 마련이다. 더구나 이를 위해 수준을 무시하고 모국어로 일관하여 벙어리와 문맹을 자초하는 것은 참으로 어리석은 일이다. 지식 정보화 시대 및 세계화 시대에는 무엇보다도 교육 및 언어정책이 국가 발전의 원동력이다. 특히 영어를 비롯한 외국어 학습능력과 학습방법은 매우 중요하다. 학습자에게 말하고 쓰는 기본 능력을 보장하는 것이 급선무이다. 이를 위한 작업의 하나가 바로 언어간의 오류분석일 것이다. 언어의 습득과 활용이 체계적이듯이 오류분석 역시 상당히 체계적이다. 그래서 인간의 언어습득과 언어습득장치를 두고 결정론(Determinismus)이 지배적이다. 이러한 의미에서 언어습득의 3대 요소, 즉 언어습득장치를 구비한 인간으로 태어나고, 해당 언어를 통한 일관된 언어체험/학습으로 언어최소량을 충족해야 한 언어를 정복할 수 있다는 것은 결정적인 사실이다. 학생고객에게 다가서는 책임교육으로 교육개방에 대비하는 일 역시 시대적인 상황이요 또한 결정적인 단계임엔 틀림이 없을 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2013

Maritime University cadets must be on board ship's after thoroughly completing a Basic Safety Training Course. During their spare semester they must complete basic principle of the course and then, attend to both Advanced Safety Training Course and Tankers Training Course before they graduate. However, all cadets are exposed to risks during their onboard training. It means that most of commercial ships have to train them before boarding and perform duties according to all sorts of check lists based on the ISM. Accordingly, this research will deal with the treatment for toxic chemicals which is not fully covered by shipping firms, vessels and even a Maritime University for cadets. The lack of pre-knowledge about it is considerably hazardous to the cadets who have no onboard experience. As stated above, the majority of the onboard cadets board their ships without previous training on treatment and knowledge for toxic chemicals. As a result, there are some cases that cadets are injured due to the lack of knowledge to treat toxic chemicals and due to carelessness. Furthermore, they end up leaving a ship prematurely. To prevent these incidents from occurring, this paper recommends thorough training before going onboard provided by Maritime University, the systematic database on the safety of the toxic chemicals and the development of the online contents for safety education of toxic chemicals fitted on each ship's types are necessary to avoid risks and accidents onboard. Furthermore, it is suggested that shipping companies should manage the ship according to the safety check list on toxic chemicals and the crew in charge with qualification for the treatment of toxic chemicals should provide a safety education and supervision.