• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.11
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• pp.1116-1124
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• 2007

Purpose : Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is the most common of the idiopathic inflammatory myopathies in children. The purpose of this study is to observe demographic, initial presentations, duration of time between disease onset and diagnosis, clinical manifestations and laboratory findings at diagnosis of patients with JDM. Methods : Forty seven patients identified at Seoul National University Children's Hospital from January 1986 to May 2007. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively focusing on initial presentations, clinical manifestations and laboratory findings at the time of diagnosis of patients with JDM. Results : Male and female patients were 25 and 22, respectively and sex ratio was 1.14:1. The average age at the time of diagnosis was 6.51 years. Skin rash (94%) was the most common symptom, followed by the proximal muscle weakness (89%). The disease activity score was 10.8. The duration between the onset of the skin rash and the muscle weakness and diagnosis was 7.18 and 4.70 months, respectively. The serum muscle enzymes, LDH, AST, CK and aldolase, were elevated in the patient with JDM. Autoimmune antibodies, antinuclear antibody, anti SSA antibody and anti SSB antibody, were negative findings. Electromyography findings were consistent with JDM in 88% of the patients, the muscle biopsy was in 91% and all MRI findings were compatible with those of patients with JDM. The most common symptom besides musculocutaneous lesions was the calcinosis (62.5%). The most common site of calcinosis was the pelvic area and buttocks. Conclusion : This study shows that the major symptoms are proximal muscle weakness and cutaneous lesion, and they are important to diagnose JDM.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.565-568
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• 2017

Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease characterized by dry mouth and neutropenia. Although it does not commonly involve the central nervous system, Sjogren's syndrome sometimes affects small vessels through microangiopathic alterations. A 34-year-old woman was hospitalized for left upper quadrantanopia and a tingling sensation in the left hemibody. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed acute infarction in the right posterior cerebral artery territory. In laboratory tests, antinuclear (FANA2+) and anti-DNA antibodies (anti-SS-A (Ro)) were detected. Salivary gland scintigraphy revealed moderately decreasedexcretion of saliva. Based on these findings, we concluded she had Sjogren's syndrome. As in this patient, large vessel involvement in Sjogren's syndrome is far less common. Furthermore, it is difficult to administer antiplatelet drugsto patients with thrombocytopenia in Sjogren's syndrome. This is a case of the patient with Sjogren's syndrome that involved thrombocytopenia and large vessel invasion who was treated with antiplatelet drugs and hydroxychloroquine.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.215-219
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• 2009

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in children, with a peak incidence at 5-14 years. Extrapulmonary manifestations occur in 20-25% of patients with M. pneumoniae infection. Most auto-antibodies that cause immune hemolytic anemia in humans are cold agglutinins. The formation of cold agglutinins is frequently observed during M. pneumoniae infections, and cold agglutinin disease usually occurs during M. pneumoniae infections. Nevertheless, severe hemolysis is exceptional. If a patient has any underlying disease related to hemolysis, it is possible to accelerate hemolysis. Hereditary spherocytosis is a common cause of hereditary hemolytic anemia resulting from red blood cell membrane defects. Hemolysis of red cells may result from corpuscular abnormalities or extracorpuscular abnormalities, such as immune or non-immune mechanisms. We report a case of hereditary spherocytosis associated with severe hemolytic anemia due to Mycoplasma pneumonia.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.140-149
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• 1997

Purpose : Kawasaki Disease(KD) is a febrile disease with acute multisystemic vasculitis which is seen commonly in early childhood. The cause and etiologic agents are still unknown to identify using ordinary bacterial and viral culture, but the clinical labaratory studies suggest that KD is one of autoimmune disorder caused by infectious agents, but that is not proved yet. The study was performed to investigate the IgG subclasses in acute stage of KB before treatment of IVIG(Intravenous immunoglobulin). Method : The 35 cases in acute stage of KD before treatment of IVIG who were hospitalized from jan. 1995 to dec. 1996. The obtained sera were measured level of total IgG, IgM, IgA, IgE and IgG subclasses IgGl, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 by using EIA and SRID method. Results : 1) The sex ratio is male to female is 1.5: 1.0, and male is prone to infected. 2) Total IgG, IgM, IgA and IgE level is normal range with age adjusted, but few cases are shown slight high level of total IgG compare to normal range of age adjusted. 3) acute phage reactants such as CRP, C3, ESR are all increased in acute stage of cases. 4) IgG subclasses IgGl, IgG2, IgG3 are shown normal range of age adjusted, but remarkably low level of IgG4 in all of cases. Conclusions : The low level of IgG4 is able to increasing the incidence of KD, and may use early diagnostic tools combine with other clinical symptoms and signs. But the resulsts of reported studies are different to each other, so it needs more times and cases to get final evaluation of changes of serum immnunoglobulin levels correlate to increase the incidence of high risk group of KD patients.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.322-327
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• 2005

DLA class I complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) cross-match method was established to control hyperacute rejections in organ transplantation. The aim of the present study is to investigate if DLA class 1 CDC corssmatch method is effective to prevent hyperacute rejections in canine renal allografts. Seven mongrel dogs of similar age and weight were used. Erythrocyte crossmatch was first performed and only the negatives were used. Among the same blood types, CDC cross-match was performed. Anti-dog serum, Hank's balanced salt solution(HBSS), and tile self-serum was used as a positive-, a negative-, and all auto-control respectively. After the reaction with class I complement, it was stained with eosin and scored by international cytotoxicity scoring system under inverted phase microscope. According to these results, kidneys oi CDC negatives among same blood types were cross-transplanted to observe the incidence of hyperacute rejections. One of four 1.2 B blood type dogs had autoantibodies. here were negative CDC results among each blood type, and also there were negative results between different blood types. Two pairs with the same blood types and negative CDC results underwent allo-transplantation each other. There were no hyperacute rejections. DLA cross-match method studied in this experiment for canine renal allograft can be effective to prevent hyperacute rejections. it may be applicable for the future studies of histocompatibility testing in canine renal allografts.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1127-1131
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• 2018

Cortisol, a steroid hormone, functions within metabolism, immune response, and stress. Intense or prolonged physical exercise increases cortisol levels to enhance the gluconeogenesis pathway and stabilize blood glucose level. However, cortisol also exerts a negative impact on muscle function and creates a stressful environment in skeletal muscle cells. The present study investigated the function of cortisol as a stress hormone. To examine the effect of the exercise-induced hormone cortisol on skeletal muscles, C2C12 cells were cultured and treated with cortisol at different concentrations. As a result, we found that the morphology of C2C12 changed remarkably with 5 ug/ml cortisol treatment. Western blot analysis was conducted to learn whether ER-stress and autophagy were induced. We found that the expression ratio of LC3I/LC3II decreased and BiP expression increased after cortisol treatment. In addition, immunocytochemistry analysis with IER3 antibody clearly showed that apoptosis is induced after 12-hour cortisol treatment. These results indicate that cortisol treatment could induce apoptosis, ER-stress, and autophagy in muscle cells. This study would provide valuable information in the study of the effects of exercise on skeletal muscle cells and the development of additives to reduce cortisol stress.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1984

Clinical measurement of thyroid autoantibodies in sera of some thyroid disorders have been widely applied since about twenty years ago. We investigated the incidence and titers of both anti microsomal and antithyroglobulin antibodies in forty eight cases with controls and one hundred and thirty three patients with some form of thyroid disorders. The results were as follows; 1) In controls, antimicrosomal antibodies were positive in 2% but anti thyroglobulin antibodies were all negative. 2) In a series of one hundred and thirty three patients with thyroid disease, anti microsomal antibodies were positive in 44% but antithyroglobulin antibodies were positive in only 15%. 3) The rate disclosing the positive results of antimicrosomal antibodies were 71 % in Hashmoto's disease, 60% in Graves' disease, and 38% in primary hypothroidism, respectively. On the other hand, the positive results of antithyroglobulin antibodies showed 21 % in Graves' disease, 19% in primary hypothyroidism, and 18% in Hashmoto's disease, respectively. Though there were relatively high rate of both antimicrosomal and anti thyroglobulin antibodies in patients with nodular goiter, they were only seven cases in our series. 4) The rate with the extremely high titers of antimicrosomal and antithyroglobulin antibodies$(>1:160^2)$ was 83% and 67% in Hashmoto's disease, 50% and 67% in primary hypothyroidism, and 41% and 18% in Graves' disease. Accordingly, the thyroid autoantibodies were commonly found higher positive rate in patients with Hashmoto's disease, primary hypothyroidism, and Graves' disease. Among these disorders, the extremely high positive rate of the thyroid autoantibodies was found in patients with Hashmoto's disease.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2001.03a
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• pp.50-50
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• 2001

혈액형을 지배하는 유전자는 진화에 대하여 중립적인 작용을 하고 있어서 집단의 유전적 구조의 특성 파악, 계통분류학 등에 많이 응용되고 있다. 본 연구는 칡소에 대한 유전학적 특성을 구명하고자 혈액형 분석기술을 응용하여 실시하였다. 공시동물은 (주)한경게놈텍 목장에서 사육중인 외모적으로 칡소의 특징을 보이는 25두를 이용하였다. 혈액은 경정맥에서 헤파린 처리된 진공 채혈관에 무균적으로 채취하여 혈장, 백혈구 및 적혈구로 원심분리한 후 냉동 혹은 냉장 보관하여 각 실험에 이용하였다. 적혈구 항원형의 검출은 2% 적혈구 부유액과 축산기술연구소에서 생산된 항혈청 11종을 이용하여 용혈반응으로 실시하였고, 혈액단백·효소를 지배하고 있는 6개의 유전자 좌위에 대하여 전분 혹은 포리아크릴 아미드겔 전기영동으로 다형 검출을 실시하였다. 용혈반응으로 검출한 적혈구 항원형의 반응양상은 검사한 11종의 항체에 대하여 6종은 50%이상의 개체에서 양성반응을 보였다. 이와 같은 결과는 일반 한우에서 보이는 양성반응율보다는 높은 것으로 판단되어진다. 전기영동법으로 분석한 6개의 혈액단백·효소 지배 유전자 좌위 중 ALB좌위을 제외한 5개 유전자 좌위에서 다형이 관찰되었다. HB, AMY-1, GC 및 PTF-2 유전자 좌위는 2개의 대립유전자가 관찰되었고, TF 유전자 좌위는 4개의 대립유전자가 관찰되었다. 표 1에서 같이 칡소에서 관찰된 각 유전자 좌위의 대립유전자 빈도의 구성은 일반적인 한우와는 상이한 결과를 보였으나 평균 이형접합도는 칡소가 0.438, 일반한우가 0.442로 계산되어 유전적 변이성은 유사한 것으로 추정되었다. 이상의 결과로 본 연구에서 분석한 칡소는 다른 한우집단과는 상이한 유전적 구조를 가지고 있으나, 유전적 다형성은 비교적 높은 것으로 시사되었다. 보다 정확하고 많은 량의 유전정보 수집을 위하여 Microsatellite DNA 및 모색 관련 유전자를 분석할 필요성이 있을 것으로 사료된다.(Table Omitted)

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.149-152
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• 2006

The canine thyroglobulin autoantibody assay is to be used for the diagnosis of autoimmune thyroid disease in dogs. Antithyroglobulin antibodies are present in about 50 percent of hypothyroid dogs. In this report, the sera of the five canine patients ($P1{\sim}P5$) referred to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital in Seoul National University were assessed by T4, TSH and thyroglobulin autoantibody (TgAA). P1 was diagnosed as severe hypothyroidism since he showed very high TSH levels with low T4 values. P2 and P3 born with a genetic predisposition were assessed as normal in thyroid function. P4 was normal, but needed follow-up examination for TgAA assay. P5 showed the positive result in TgAA assay, so it was diagnosed as autoimmune thyroiditis. As the cases above show, not only T4 and TSH, but also TgAA assay to be considered for more accurate assessment of the status of the thyroid.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.118-122
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• 2001

Since the first description of Kikuchi disease(Subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis) in Japan, 1972, this condition has been reported in a worldwide. The etiology remains unknown. This disease shows a marked predilection for young woman, and a few cases in children has been reported. The usual initial clinical manifestation is localized cervical lymphadenopathy with fever, weight loss and myalgia. We experienced a 6 year-old girl of subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis with ANA, therefore report a brief review with the related literatures.