• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2019.11a
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• pp.118-120
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• 2019

우리나라는 중국과 일본을 연계하는 동서항로와 러시아에서 동남아시아로 이어지는 남북항로의 연계거점에 위치하는 입지적 강점에도 불구하고 국제 크루즈 시장 여건이 성숙되지 못했다. 이에 본 연구의 목적은 국내 크루즈 관광의 현황을 짚어보고 일본 사례의 성공요인을 분석하여 크루즈 관광의 발전 방향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 기존의 기 수행되었던 연구보고서 및 데이트를 활용하였다. 조사결과 문화체육관광부 등 관계부처 협업을 통해 크루즈 관광 거점 구축, 단기적으로 인센티브를 활용하여 외국 선사 유치 전략과 더불어 중장기적으로는 자국 선사, 상품 구축 동시 병행이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.167-176
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• 2021

Incheon Port urgently requires designation of a free trade zone to pursue development linked with the port hinterland while promoting continuous growth of the port. This study aims to evaluate the optimal location and derive policy implications for the designation of a free trade zone and analyzed factors property divided by groups. This study used the Consistent Fuzzy Preference Relation (CFPR) analysis technique to derive a practical construction direction by quantifying and evaluating linguistic measures. As a result, the Incheon New Port hinterland showed the highest location competitiveness among the four candidate areas of Incheon New Port hinterland, Aam Logistics Complex 2, North Port hinterland, and Gyeongin Port hinterland. Among the eight evaluation factors consisting of qualitative and quantitative factors, the Incheon New Port hinterland ranked no. 1 in all the four qualitative factors and one quantitative factor and received the highest total score. Also, Group 1 presented 'possibility to attract tenant companies' as first. Group 2 was 'complex size' and Group 3 was also 'possibility to attract tenant companies'. This study has the implication for suggesting the factors and evaluation structure of Free Trade Zone. Future research requires detailed empirical studies, such as expanding the subject of study or selecting factors that reflect the interests of each group.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.426-443
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• 2003

Electronic Commerce (EC) has been at the center of discussion as a symbol of the integration of unprecedentedly developed Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) and traditional commerce. In spite of much attention to EC, the research from a spatial perspective has not proliferated yet. EC was regarded to have aspatial characteristics based on the expectation for a global expansion of business activities in a digital economy. This paper attempts to figure out the spatial characteristics of public Business-to-Business electronic marketplaces (public B2B e-MPs), as one of the most evolving forms of B2B EC, regardless of the low proportion in B2B EC at present. Many of the firms operating public B2B e-MPs in Korea were located in Seoul, especially in Gangnam-gu. The analysis of three spatial indices showed their extreme spatial concentration. The analysis on the location factors of Public B2B e-MP firms in Korea demonstrated that location factors of public B2B e-MP firms were differentiated by regional groups: Gangnam-gu, Seoul except Gangnam-gu, and the provinces. It was againt an initial extreme expectation that the firms relevant to B2B EC will not care about physical locations because they mainly do businesses in electronic space. The differences between those in Gangnam-gu and in the provinces were strikingly prominent. Such differentiated location factors by region were closely related to the different attributes of the public B2B e-MPs by region. In conclusion, public B2B e-MPs are not irrelevant to physical space and physical proximity, at least at a current stage. Customized spatial strategies are required for successful online businesses.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.61-78
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• 2017

Among several policies for industrial decentralization introduced since the 1960s, business relocation grant policies put a heavy financial burden on central and local governments. This study investigates the change in the likelihood of manufacturing establishments' relocation to the non-SMA associate with the change in business relocation grant policies. Using the mining and manufacturing survey data from 1996 to 2014, manufacturing firms' relocation decision model in nested logit structure was estimated. The data showed that the proportion of movements from the SMA to the non-SMA significantly increased after the introduction of the grant policies. However, estimation results of firms' relocation decision model indicated that the likelihood of firms relocating from the SMA to the non-SMA decreased after the introduction of the grant policies. In particular, firms' likelihood to move into the rural regions is even lower in the period of the grant extension. This suggests that increasing rate of relocations toward the rural regions may have been driven by the growing advantage of rural locations, such as low land rent and improvement in market accessibility, rather than the grants per se. This implies that the alleviation of physical and environmental constraints of the rural regions and the creation of business friendly environment such as easy access to premises at reasonable prices and strengthened linkage with the SMA, rather than simple provision of business relocation grants, needed to attract businesses in the rural regions.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.57-68
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of location satisfaction of innovative start-ups, located in capital and non-capital areas, on the intention of relocation. The analysis was based on the data of a survey of 231 innovative start-ups that were founded less than 7 years ago. 10 factors related to the aspects of business management, network building, and business environment were considered as location satisfaction of start-ups. The dependent variable was whether innovative start-ups plan to relocate. First, it was confirmed that in the case of innovative start-ups in capital area, the intention to relocate was found to decrease when the location satisfactions related to the promptly provision of products and services to consumers and ease of supplying labor were increased. Second, in the case of innovative start-ups in non-capital area, it was found that the intention to relocate was found to decrease when the location satisfactions related to creating a network, convenient transportation and free and creative start-up environment were increased. In addition, it was found that the higher the sales of start-ups in non-capital area, the lower their intention to relocate while the higher firm age of start-ups in non-capital area, the higher their intention to relocate. This study has an academic contribution to examining the relationship between between the location satisfactions of start-ups and the intention to relocate, which has been rarely addressed in Korea, and to shedding light on the difference in capital and non-capital areas. Furthermore, this study has policy implications since it suggests factors that the government should consider for geographical agglomeration of start-ups.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.175-185
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• 2002

This study aims to reveal what locational changes of foreign direct investment are prominent in Korea after the economic restructuring programs beginning in 1997. These locational changes would have some potential impacts on the local or national economy. One can expect that concentration in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) would have intensified after the restructuring because the competitiveness focus would have led foreign investors to high potential areas. An analysis of the data on foreign-invested companies in the manufacturing sector shows that this expectation has come into reality. Within SMA, Seoul shows even bigger changes in the locational share than surrounding areas. Also prominent are increases of the locational share of the SMA in the electrical and electronic companies and in those companies with less than fifty percent investment share. But this pattern is not found distinctly by home country of investment.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.99-120
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to clarify the industrialization process, and locational factors and linkages of manufacturing in Jangyu-Myun, a suburb of Metropolitan Pusan, toward which heavy decentralization of manufacturing from Pusan has been done. Hard data and soft data were used as the basic data. Hard data used for this study were both the statistical data which consists of the number of establishments and employee classified by product type, firm size, organizational type and unit area(dong) which were listed in statistics yearbooks, and the list of the owner's names, addresses, employee number, products and headquarters of firms which were listed in firm directories. Soft data were the results of the interviews with the 53 owners of firms surveyed among the firms selected by Proportional Stratified Sampling Method. The major findings were as follows: (1) Manufacturing location in Jangyu-Myun was regularized in 1980's in which decentralization of manufacturing was activiated. Though the industrialization of study area resulted from the birth, relocation and establishment of branches of the firms originated from the other regions, the relocation of small outer-oriented firms from the central city was the most important factor among them. (2) The main locational factors which induced the decentralizing manufacturing from the central city into Jangyu-Myun are closely related to land, transportation, personal factor, raw material suppliers and market. (3) The differences of important locational factors by the size and organizational type of firms are relevant to the characteristics of manufacturing location. (4) The changes of linkages attendant upon locational changes of firms were not so great and were localized in labor supply and marketing. (5) The strength of linkages is strong in the procurement of materials, in the subcontraction and in the marketing, but not in the ordering. (6) The main factors influencing on the formation of linkages are different by the types of linkages: monopolistic and oligopolistic supply are important in procurement linkages; characteristics of products and production capacity in the subcontraction and ordering; characteristics of products and the subsequent difficulties, in the marketing. (7) With the exception of procurement linkages, the strength of linkages with the outside of the study area are stronger than the linkages with the inside. The strength of linkages with the outside has distance-decay-function and strong linkages with the central city. (8) These spatial characteristics of linkages are different by products type, firm size and organizational type of firms: the spatial ranges of linkages are wider in the multi-location firms than in the single-location firms; the larger the firm size, the wider the spatial range of linkages: there is no consistent trend by products type. In conclusion, some facts described above were proved to be consistent with the results of proceeding studies in the other areas: influence of central city manufacturing relocation on industrialization in the suburb: different decentralization by products type, firm size and organizational types of firms: different locational factors by products type, firm size and organizational types of firms; linkage changes attendant upon locational changes of firms; spatial differences of linkages by products type, firm size and organizational type of firms. Some other factors were proved to be partly consistent: locational factors and spatial characteristics of linkages. Accordingly I think that the results of previous studies on the other areas can be applicable to the explanation of the location and linkage of manufacturing in Jangyu-Myun. For the better explanation on the characteristics of manufacturing decentralization from the central city, more empirical case studies on the location and linkage of manufacturing in the suburb areas are necessary.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2014.10a
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• pp.199-200
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• 2014

최근 국내에서는 경제적 여유와 함께 웰빙에 관심이 높아지며 도심생활에서 벗어나 수변공간, 해양레저활동 등이 주목받고 있다. 이에 따라 수상에서의 다양한 활동을 수용할 수 있는 플로팅 건축물에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있으며, 플로팅 건축물을 이용한 다양한 용도와 기능의 건축물들이 수상에 설치되고 있다. 플로팅 건축물 역시 사람들의 생활을 위한 공간으로 육상의 일반 건축물과 같이 쾌적한 거주환경 제공을 위하여 다양한 설비들이 설치되고 있다. 하지만 플로팅 건축물은 수상에 위치한 입지적 특성으로 인하여 육상의 일반건축물과 다른 환경적 요인을 고려한 설비시스템 도입이 필요함에도 불구하고 수상환경을 고려한 설비시스템의 설치는 이루어지지 않고 있다. 특히, 실내의 쾌적한 거주환경 유지를 위하여 중요한 요소인 냉난방설비는 충분한 성능을 발휘하기 위하여 시스템설계 전 충분한 환경적 요소를 고려한 부하산정이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 플로팅 건축물의 입지적 특성을 고려하여 냉난방 시스템 설계 시 일반건축물에 적용되는 부하산정 요소 외 해수온도, 해수면 반사일사 및 창면적비를 부하산정 요소로 도입하고 각 요소별 특성을 고찰하여 플로팅 건축물 냉난방부하에 어떤 영향을 미치는지에 대하여 종합적으로 고찰하였다.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.163-185
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• 2014

The growth of a city requires substantial resources, an appropriate environment, and the alignment of several factors. City growth also evolves through changes in its history, culture, economics, societies, groups, and government systems. However, current port city development plans designed to encourage the growth of local businesses fail to provide the support needed for both the city and businesses. The recent actions of urban administrations and federal and local governments have revealed that they have yet to create a mature decentralized management system, or perhaps have ignored the reality of needing one. Taking a clear look at the differences between port regions, such as Gwangyang and Pyeongtaek, and understanding their effect on city growth would be a prudent course of action when preparing for future developments. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between ports and cities by analyzing the effect of port characteristics on nearby city growth. This study used a comparison analysis to determine how port characteristics affected the growth of Pyeongtaek and Gwangyang. One result of this analysis showed that an increase in the number of goods being imported or exported had a positive effect on the growth of both port cities, In this respect, an aggressive plan and cooperation between the federal and local government should occur simultaneously. Furthermore, efficient local policies that focus on the increase of personnel and material resources should be pursued as a standard strategy, which would also promote the international status of these locations. The results of this study show the importance of government cooperation. The federal government should lead with aggressive strategies that aim to optimize efficiency, while the local government should provide the necessary assistance and coordination in order to achieve optimal results.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.571-579
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• 2022

This research empirically analyzed the factors associated with the energy consumption of tourism hotels in Busan, Ulsan, and the Kyoungnam region of Korea based on their individual and locational characteristics. The study adopted a comprehensive modeling approach involving multi-level regression analyses that allowed for improved accuracy by considering the hierarchical structures of the hotels and their locational characteristics. The results indicated that the majority of energy consumption can be explained by the hotels'individual characteristics, including the size of building structure and the services, while their effects vary by region with statistical significance. Furthermore, the proximity to central commercial districts and hotel clusters had a significant influence on the variability in their energy consumption, indicating that locational factors are also important determinants. The findings here suggest the need for regional energy policies and solutions at various urban scales along with conventional energy policies at the building level and highlight regional responsibilities when attempting to create sustainable tourism industries.