• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.161-168
• /
• 2017

In this study, we examined the effect of Perilla frutescens extract (PFE) on oxidative stress-induced cell death in RGC-5 cell lines. Staurosporine-differentiated RGC-5 (ssdRGC-5) cells obtained by treating RGC-5 cells with $1{\mu}M$ staurosporine were incubated with PFE for 30 min and then exposed to buthionine sulfoximine plus glutamate (B/G) for 20 h. Cell death was detected using lactate dehydrogenase release assay and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide reduction assay. To investigate the mechanism underlying cell death, we determined caspase-3 activity, level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, and expression levels of cytoplasmic cytochrome c and mitochondrial Bax. Treatment of ssdRGC-5 cells with B/G increased intracellular ROS and induced apoptosis with increasing caspase-3 activity. PFE rescued ssdRGC-5 cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death by inhibiting intracellular ROS production and caspase-3 activation and regulating apoptosis-related proteins such as cytochrome c and Bax. These findings suggest that PFE may have a beneficial neuroprotective effect against oxidative stress-induced apoptotic death in ssdRGC-5 cells.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.595-599
• /
• 2012

Allergic response is associated with mast cells, through the release of arachidonic acid, proinflammatory cytokines, and histamine. We investigated the effect of Platycodon grandiflorum including platycodin D (PG-Platycodin D) on allergic responses in an animal model and on mast cell degranulation. PG-Platycodin D suppressed the release of ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase, a type of marker associated with degranulation. PG-Platycodin D efficiently inhibited the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) reaction in ICR mice. In addition, molecular analysis demonstrated that PG-Platycodin D inhibited mRNA expression of both IL-3. These results suggest that PG-Platycodin D can inhibit mast cell degranulation through the inhibition of IL-3 mRNA expression, and that PG-Platycodin D may potentially serve as an anti-allergic agent.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.21 no.8
• /
• pp.1109-1119
• /
• 2011

In the present study, the pro-apoptotic effects of methanol extract of Prunus mume fruits (MEPM) in human leukemia U937 cells were investigated. It was found that exposure to MEPM resulted in growth inhibition in a concentration-dependent manner by inducing apoptosis. The induction of apoptotic cell death in U937 cells by MEPM was correlated with a down-regulation of inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family, such as X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and survivin, anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, up-regulation of FasL and cleavage of Bid. MEPM treatment also induced the proteolytic activation of caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9, and degradation of caspase-3 substrate proteins, such as poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and ${\beta}$-catenin. In addition, apoptotic cell death induced by MEPM was significantly inhibited by z-DEVD-fmk, a caspase-3 specific inhibitor, which demonstrates the important role of caspase-3 in the apoptotic process by MEPM in U937 cells. Taken together, these findings suggest that P. mume extracts may be a potential chemotherapeutic agent for the control of human leukemia cells and further studies will be needed to identify the active compounds.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.22 no.4 s.94
• /
• pp.428-437
• /
• 2006

To investigate the worth of herbs as functional food ingredients, the antioxidant activity of 15 kinds of herb mathanol extracts was evaluated. Green tea, chamomile, dandelion, and lemon vervena extracts, with IC$_{50}$ values of 1.45 g/100mL, 1.49 g/100mL, 1.50 g/100mL and 1.55 g/100mL, respectively, had significantly higher superoxide radical scavenging activity than any other herb extracts. Green tea and lemon vervena extracts, which had high radical scavenging activity, showed inhibition of cell proliferation in Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts (V79-4 cells). Most herb extracts, except for chamomile, fennel and dandelion enhanced cell viability against H$_2$O$_2$-induced oxidative damage in V79-4 cells. At a dose of 1600 ${\mu}$g/mL, lemon vervena, green tea, hawthorn and rosemary extracts showed a cell viability of more than 50% which was significantly higher than that of the control culture treated with only H$_2$O$_2$ Thus, the results suggest that some herb extracts exhibited a V79-4 cell protective effect. The investigation of the cellular antioxidant enzymes activities of the five selected herb extracts revealed that extracts of lemon vervena and chamomile dose-dependently increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity but that this increase was not significant. In conclusion, some natural herb extracts exhibited high antioxidant activity.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.38 no.5
• /
• pp.707-711
• /
• 2006

Phase 2 enzymes are transcriptionally induced by a wide variety of chemical agents and natural products, and their induction plays a critical role in protection against chemical carcinogens and other toxic xenobiotics. The activity of the methanol extract and fractions of paprika (Capsicum annuum L.) was examined in murine Hepa1c1c7 cells for the induction of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) NAD(P)H/quinone reductase (QR). The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction induced QR activity in a dose-dependent manner in the concentration range of 10 to $500\;{\mu}g/mL$ with a maximum of a 3.3-fold increase in induction. The EtOAc fraction also showed high QR induction potency in Ah-receptor-defective mutant of Hepa 1c1c7 cells ($BP^rcl$ cells), which indicates that this fraction is a monofunctional inducer of QR. These results suggest that useful cancer chemopreventive materials could be isolated from EtOAc fraction of Paprika.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.103-114
• /
• 2012

EA, efficient and hierarchical Information Resource Management(IRM) tool of Korean public agencie is one of the core of carrying forward the e-Government initiative. The objective of the paper is to study empirically whether using EA Governance for Controlling EA is related with their EA competency or not. the 190 person in charge of Information System service division are included for analysis. The various hypotheses established are validated by structural equation in SPSS and AMOS 18.0. The results shows that EA management and EA utilization of EA competency level was affected by EA Function, EA Organization and EA Human Resource of exogenous variable EA Governance but EA implementation level was not affected by EA Organization and EA Human Resource. also we investigated that the EA management level of endogenous variable EA competency was affected positively by EA implementation level and the EA utilization level of was affected positively by EA management level by stages.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.27 no.5
• /
• pp.421-428
• /
• 2014

In general, Reucedani Radix (Peucedanum japonicum Thunbergis: PJ) is the Korean traditional herbal medicine used to remove dampness, to relieve pain, and spasm. So, PJ folium is believed to have the same effects. The aim of this study is to investigate the alleviation of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced ulcerative colitis in mice by PJ folium. 25 mice were divided into 5 groups: normal, DSS, DSS + 100 mg/kg PJ folium (PJ100), DSS + 500 mg/kg PJ folium (PJ500), and DSS + 150 mg/kg 5-amino salicylic acid (5-ASA) groups. Body weights, colon lengths, histological changes in colon tissue, and spleen weights were observed. Inflammatory cytokines such as IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-${\alpha}$ level in plasma were measured by ELISA. IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-a mRNA expression in colon tissue were detected by RT-PCR. In the results, body weight lose was inhibited in PJ100, PJ500, and 5-ASA groups, but it was not different compared with DSS group, significantly. PJ500 group showed the preventive effects of colon length shorten and histological changes in colon tissues as good as 5-ASA group. The weight of spleen was increased in DSS group but it reduced in PJ100, PJ500, and 5-ASA groups. Moreover, IL-$1{\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ cytokine levels in plasma were reduced in PJ500 and 5-ASA groups. IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and TNF-a mRNA expression in colon tissue were inhibited in PJ100, PJ500, and 5-ASA groups and it was significantly different compared with DSS group. In conclusion, PJ folium showed the alleviative effect on DSS induced ulcerative colitis in mice.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.83-89
• /
• 2016

This study was designed to determine the mutagenic potential of hydrolyzed glycomacropeptide (GMP) powder (hereafter referred to as 23%-GNANA; product name: HELICOBACTROL-23) in a micronucleus test using bone marrow in ICR mice. Three experimental groups were used: a 3-step concentration group, with a maximum concentration of 2,000 mg/kg, and other sequentially two-fold lower concentrations, a negative control group, and a positive control group. The test material was administered for 2 d to observe the frequency of micronucleus formation up to 48 h after the test material was absorbed by the body. When the polychromatic erythrocyte (PCE) content of erythrocytes was compared, no significant differences were noted between the negative control group and the test group (p<0.05). Similarly, when the average numbers of micronucleated PCE (MNPCE) in 2,000 PCE per animal were compared, no significant difference was observed between the negative control group and the test group (p<0.05). No dose-response relationship with regard to the concentration of the test material administered was noted. These results allow us to conclude that hydrolyzed whey protein powder does not cause formation of micronuclei in mouse bone marrow cells under the applied conditions. In this study, the average frequency of micronucleus formation in PCE was significantly higher in the positive control group compared with the negative control group; thus, the test conditions were appropriate for detecting the frequency of micronucleus formation induced by the test material. In conclusion, the safety of 23%-GNANA test substance was verified in an in vivo micronucleus test in mice, conducted before the registration of HELICOBACTROL-23 as a food additive.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.429-437
• /
• 2020

In this study, a cationic gemini surfactant was synthesized using isosorbide, in order to modify the alkyl chain length in the range of C₁₀~C₁₆. The c.m.c and surface tension of the synthesized cationic gemini surfactant were measured to be in the ranges of 5.13 × 10^-4~1.62 × 10^-4 mol/L and 31.86~37.41 dyne/cm, respectively. The surface tension increased with increasing the length of the alkyl group. In addition, as the area per molecule occupied by the surfactant adsorbed on the interface increased with the reduced extent of adsorption, the bubble generation at the air-water interface decreased. The emulsifying capacity in benzene was maintained above 60 ± 5% after 8 h while that in soybean oil tended to decrease above 50 ± 5%. The performance was superior in benzene, a highly hydrophobic substance, and the emulsion stability was shown to be consistent beyond 1 h during the preparation of pre-emulsion in oil and water. The antimicrobial activity was dependent on the length of the hydrophobic chain of the synthesized cationic gemini surfactant due to the increased size of the clean zone in Escherichia coli (E.coli) and Staphylococcus aureus.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.218-223
• /
• 2001

This study was conducted to evaluate the functional properties of onion, rosemary and thyme extracts which are the ingredients of onion Kimchi. Onion extract showed a significant difference in antioxidative effect based on peroxide value and thiocyanate method. Antioxidative activity of rosemary extract was similar to those of BHA and BHT. but thyme extract did not show any antioxidative effect.. Onion, rosemary, and thyme extracts showed antimicrobial activities against gram positive bacteria but onion and thyme extracts did not against E. coli, Candida, and molds. Rosemary extract demonstrated a strong activity against L. plantarum which is a major lactobacillus in Kimchi fermentation, and Micrococcus luteus. Onion, rosemary, and thyme extracts showed an effect or hangover relief effect by lowering the alcohol concentration of blood in rat. Blood pressure of the male spontaneous hypertensive rat was suppressed by onion extract after 3 days of feeding, but rosemary and thyme extracts were not effective for lowering blood pressure.