• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.61-64
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the general characteristics of raw okra seeds and the functional components of roasted okra seeds. The number of okra seed per pod was 78 in 'Greensod' and 88 in 'Beny'. The weight of okra seed per pod of 'Greensod' and 'Beny' were 4.4 g and 6.3 g, respectively. Free amino acid contents of the stir-fry and fresh okra seeds were measured as $2.69mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$ and $0.31mg{\cdot}g^{-1}$. Total polyphenolic compound content of the stirfry okra seeds was estimated as $12.61mg\;CGA{\cdot}g^{-1}$, compared to $2.54mg\;CGA{\cdot}g^{-1}$ fresh okra seeds, Thus, free amino acid and total polyphenolic compound contents in the stir-fry okra seeds were higher than fresh one, Antioxidant activities, such as DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging in the stir-fry okra seeds was the higher than fresh okra seeds.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.344-348
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• 2018

We investigated the application of functional materials by examining a variety of physiological activities of Abelmoschus esculentus extract. A. esculentus extract had a low cytotoxicity against murine melanoma B16F10 cells. At concentrations showing little or no cytotoxicity, A. esculentus extract showed high a DPPH radical scavenging activity ($ID_{50}$, $5.24{\mu}g/mL$), inhibited tyrosinase activity ($ID_{50}$, $102.12{\mu}g/mL$), and decreased melanin content ($ID_{50}$, $17.85{\mu}g/mL$). The treatment of B16F10 cells with A. esculentus extract suppressed the protein expression of tyrosinase in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that A. esculentus extract inhibits melanin synthesis in murine melanoma B16F10 cells by suppressing intracellular tyrosinase expression, as well as directly inhibits tyrosinase activity simultaneously. Additionally, A. esculentus extract promotes the expression of involucrin, which is related to skin barrier protection. These results indicate that A. esculentus extract is an appropriate material for improving skin barrier function.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.119-122
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• 2015

The experiment was carried out to examine the effect of pinching time on growth and marketable yield of okra in rain shielding vinyl houses. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L., 'Green sod') seedling was transplanted in May, 2013. Pinching times of okra were in each 30th, 45th, 60th day after transplanting of okra. Shoot branch and top fresh weight were significantly different between each pinching times. Top fresh weight were highest at 60th day pinching time after transplanting investigated, and were lowest at 30th day pinching time after transplanting. There was no significant difference in plant height and stem length among pinching times. According to pinching times, marketable yield and number of okra fruits were varied. Marketable yields were highest at 60th day after transplanting, whereas were lowest at 30th day after transplanting. Mineral concentrations of okra fruits were not significantly different among pinching times. Therefore pinching times 60th day after transplanting was effective to increase yield of okra fruit in rain shielding vinyl houses.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.485-492
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• 2021

In this study, the whitening effect of Abelmoschus esculentus extract was investigated to confirm its applicability in cosmetics. To determine the whitening effect, the tyrosinase-inhibitory activity of Abelmoschus esculentus hot water extract (AEWE) and 70% ethanol extract (AEEE) was measured. At the final concentration of 1000 ㎍/ml, AEWE showed an inhibitory activity of 22.2% and AEEE of 32.8%. To determine the whitening effect at the cellular level, the viability of melanoma cells treated with AEWE and AEEE was evaluated using the MTT assay. At concentrations of 100 ㎍/ml or less, both AEWE- and AEEE-treated groups showed cell survival rates of >95%. Furthermore, in both AEWE- and AEEE-treated melanoma cells, the melanin content decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of AEWE and AEEE used at 5, 10, 50, and 100 ㎍/ml on protein expression were measured by western blot, with β-actin as the positive control. At a concentration of 100 ㎍/ml, AEWE showed an inhibitory effect of 88.1%, 24.8%, 62.2%, and 42.9% on microphthalmia-associated transcription factors (MITF), tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related proteins (TRP)-1, and TRP-2 factors, respectively. At the same concentration, AEEE showed inhibitory effect of 65.3%, 58.3%, 66.2%, and 65.3% against MITF, tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2 factors, respectively. In conclusion, the whitening effects of AEWE and AEEE were verified, and their applicability as a natural ingredient in cosmetics was confirmed.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.298-302
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• 2013

The experiment was carried out to examine the effect of planting date on the growth and marketable yield on rain shielding vinyl house in Busan area. Okra cultivars were 'Jukokra', 'Greensod', 'Marumichang', 'Betafive' and 'Akamarumichang'. Planting date were June and July. Plant height, stem length and leaf width were significantly different between various cultivars. Plant height and stem length were best at 'Akamarumichang' among all cultivars tested and the 'Betafive' cultivars showed the lowest plant growth of June treatment. There was no significant difference in planting of July treatment. Marketable yield of okra fruit was affected by planting date. In case of June planting date, 'Betafive' cultivars produced the highest marketable yield (4,286 kg/10a) in green fruit. Marketable yield of green okra fruit was increased at 'Betafive' and 'Greensod' cultivars, whereas 'Marumichang' cultivars was lowerd. Therefore, the optimum planting date was considered June planting in rain shielding culture of okra in Busan area.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.267-270
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate of germination, okra yield and plant growth according to sowing time in the field cultivation. The percentages of germination in okra seed according to sowing time were 4.4.% (15 April), 66.7% (30 April), 88.9% (15 May), and 100% (30 May). The highest germination rate (100%) was observed on 30 May sowing whereas the lowest germination rate (4.4%) was observed on 15 April sowing. Treatment on 30 April showed the best result compared with other treatments in the growth and development. The plant growth was 476cm in 30 April, 317cm in 15 May, and 271cm in 30 May treatment. The fruit yield significantly was affected by sowing time. In case of sowing time, 15 May sowing produced the highest yield (836 kg/10a) and 30 May sowing produced the lowest yield (507 kg/10a). Therefore, 15 May sowing is best for better growth and yield of okra.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.58-61
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• 2011

This study was conducted to develop an optimal pruning method for okra production. Three pruning methods were tested including apical bud removing, one-third removing from the top of plant, and no pruning as a control with 3 kinds interval for 15 days after 2 months sowing. The growth and development of okra was better at the treatment of one-third removing of plant than the others. The number of branches was 0.7 in control, 3.7~4.0 in apical bud removing, and 3.0~6.0 in one-third removing treatment. In summary, one-third pruning of plant from the top of plant at 30 days after starting of pruning treatment, which showed the highest yield by 12,910 kg/10a.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.235-239
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• 2012

This research was conducted to monitor ochratoxin A in wine, beer, $makgeolli$ and fermented alcoholic beverages to estimate the exposure to ochratoxin A in the assorted alcoholic beverages. The analytical method for ochratoxin A was based on immuno-affinity column clean up followed by HPLC-FLD. Ochratoxin A was detected in 30 samples of 177 wine (17%), 25 samples of 106 beer (23.6%), 11 samples of 74 $makgeolli$ (14.9%), and 7 samples of 74 fermented alcoholic beverages (9.5%). The average levels of ochratoxin A were 0.039 ng/mL in wine, 0.010 ng/mL in beer, 0.023 ng/mL in $makgeolli$, and 0.014 ng/mL in fermented alcoholic beverages. The daily dietary exposure level of ochratoxin A estimated by using the report on national health and nutrition survey were 0.039 ng/b.w.day from wine, 0.010 ng/b.w.day from beer, 0.023 ng/b.w.day from $makgeolli$, and 0.014 ng/b.w.day from fermented alcoholic beverage.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.40-44
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• 2011

This study was conducted to develop method of producing okra in the plastic house and the 11 cultivar of okra were planted in plastic house for selecting proper cultivar in Korea. As result of observing growth, commercial cultivar germinated better than wild collected. The germination rate in 'No 1', 'No 4' and 'No 5' were better than in 'No 2' and 'No 3'. The plant height of 'No. 4', which is one of wild collected, showed biggest plant height moreover 'Greensode'. The numbers of node, which could indicate to set fruit, showed 4.2~6.5 per plant in most cultivar and 'No 2' and 'No 5' could yield more than others. 'Greensode' was planted in plastic house for finding out suitable planting method. The seeds were soaked could germinate 100% and those were taken 8 days for germinating but control seeds needed 15 days to germinate. The yield of 'Greensode' which was planted in $45{\times}75cm$ with planted 3 and 4 per hill could best produce in plastic house.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.267-271
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• 2013

A survey of aflatoxin $B_1$ and ochratoxin A was conducted on dried red pepper and red pepper powder. Total number of 193 samples were collected from local markets in Incheon. The presence of aflatoxin $B_1$ and ochratoxin A was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detector using immunoaffinity column clean-up. The recovery rate of aflatoxin $B_1$ and ochratoxin A were more than 80% and the limits of quantification were 0.13 ${\mu}g/kg$ for aflatoxin $B_1$ and 0.30 ${\mu}g/kg$ for ochratoxin A. Aflatoxin $B_1$ was detected in 33 samples (17.1%) with a range of 0.14~9.67 ${\mu}g/kg$ and ochratoxin A was detected in 40 samples (20.7%) with a range of 0.31~3.31 ${\mu}g/kg$. These results show that the occurrence of aflatoxin $B_1$ and ochratoxin A in dried red pepper and red pepper powder tested in this study is low compared with the standard in Korea Food Code (10 ${\mu}g/kg$ as aflatoxin $B_1$ and 7 ${\mu}g/kg$ as ochratoxin A).