• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.125-134
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• 1991

In an attempt to study sex differences in child behavior disorders, 834 clinic-refered children(582 boys and 252 girls) between the ages of 6 to 11 were assessed using CBCL parental form and the data were factor analysed to form empirically derived syndromes for each sex. The analyses yielded eight behavior disorder syndromes for boys and ten, for girls. Six syndromes(aggressive, hyperactive, delinquent, social withdrawal, emotional lability, physical complaints) were found in both sexes while obsessive, depressive and psychotic syndromes were organized differently in boys and girls. There were also considerable differences in item composition of the six syndromes common to box sexes, suggesting that clinical features of common behavior disorders such as aggression and hyperactiveity might be different for boys and girls despite their apparent similarity. The results were discussed in terms of culturally shared attitudes and beliefs concerning sex differences in behaviors.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.48-60
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• 1999

This study was done to determine the factors influencing smoking-cessation behavior in female university students. A total of 534 students participated in this cross sectional study by answering a questionnaire. The data collection was done between September 1 and October 31, 1997 The measurement tools used in this study were the self help change process scale (Cronbach's alpha＝.9930 : developed by Oh & Kim, 1996) for smoking-cessation behaviors, the self efficacy scale(Cronbach's alpha＝.8250 : developed by Sherer et al, 1982), the sex role acceptance scale (KR－20＝.7757 : developed by Kim, 1991) and the social support scale(Cronbach's alpha＝.9172 : developed by Park, 1985). The summarized results are follows : 1. The mean scores for smoking-cessation behaviors in smokers (N＝150) was 91.72 that was considered a middle score compared to the total possible score of measurement tool (150.0). The mean score for smoking-cessation behaviors by smoking-cessation step showed significant different between the groups(F＝11.71, p＝.000). 2. The group with no experience in smoking(N＝332) showed a high general self efficacy score (t＝5.24, p＝.000), and more openness to sex role acceptance(t＝-2.15, p＝.032) compared to the group with smoking experience (N＝202). 3. General self efficacy, sex role acceptance, and social support were not different significantly between the groups according to the steps in smoking-cessation. 4. Significant factors influencing smoking-cessation behavior (total, sub concepts) were religion, sex role acceptance, social support, smoking duration, smoking attitude, time of smoking onset, amount of smoking, drinking, and perception of health status. 5. Smoking-cessation behaviors which explained 11% of the variance were smoking attitude, and smoking duration. In conclusion, this study identified factors influencing smoking-cessation behavior. Thereby it will help in the development of smoking-cessation intervention strategies. For future research, exploration other determinants of smoking cessation behaviors, evaluation of intervention efficiency, and comparative study by gender characteristics are needed.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

This study analyzed the illustrations presented in the elementary science paper textbooks and digital textbooks under the 2015 revised curriculum in terms of gender role stereotypes. The frequency of pupils and adults on illustrations was counted by gender, and the types of activities and behavior of characters were analyzed. For pupils, paper textbooks showed a higher frequency of girls than boys, and digital textbooks showed similar gender rates. In the aspect of the activity, paper textbooks showed similar gender rates in non-learning activities, but more girls in learning activities. In digital textbooks, the learning activity was balanced by gender, but the non-learning activities presented boys more frequently. For both paper and digital textbooks, most pupils were described to be active regardless of gender. For adults, paper textbooks were balanced in the frequency by gender, but digital textbooks had a higher proportion of men. Paper textbooks showed similar gender rates in out-of-home activities, but more men in housework activities. In digital textbooks, housework activities were balanced by gender, but out-of-home activities presented men more frequently. For both paper and digital textbooks, men appeared in a broader range of occupations than women. Female scientists appeared more than male scientists in paper textbooks, and opposite tendency appeared in digital textbooks. As a result of analyzing the characteristics of adults, both paper and digital textbooks showed gender stereotypes in specific behavioral characteristics.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.570-579
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• 2021

Compared to men, women experience difficulties in fund-raising, which can be a fundamental impediment to the success of women entrepreneurs. In this study, we examine whether is a difference between genders in the initial funding performance of start-up companies and confirm whether there are differences in organizational factors and entrepreneur factors that affect the initial funding performance. Data were collected through a survey of technology-based start-up companies located in the metropolitan area, and 287 companies were used for hypothesis analysis. The results reveal that there was a significant difference between genders in the investment attraction performance of early-stage entrepreneurs. In addition, as a result of the split-group regression analysis, it was found that in the case of men, firm age, early firm size, starting capital, engineering major had a significant effect on men. However, in the case of the women's group, it was confirmed that all the variables related to the organizational factors and entrepreneur factors were not significant. This study indirectly suggests that prejudices such as gender role stereotypes actually affect economic activities related to investment attraction activities.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.194-207
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• 2022

Amid growing social interest in child abuse, and announced the seriousness of child abuse crimes and aroused public interest in related issues. Based on true stories and characters, both films created unique narratives about child abuse cases, but drew on the traditional representation and discursive construction of child abuse news articles. By setting the stepmother as the perpetrator and the father as the neglecter, the gender role of women as primary caregiver was reconfirmed and the stereotypical image of the 'evil stepmother' in popular narratives was exploited. The cinematic reenactment of the evil stepmother not only highlighted the normative family discourse, but also reinforced the maternal myth by emphasizing the binary opposition between the evil stepmother and the lost birth mother.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.63
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• pp.317-345
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• 2020

The dissolution and reconstruction of the male-centered social structure is being requested, but the Korean church still call on women and understand women's roles by limiting them based on traditional 'normal family ideology' and matherhood discourse. However, considering women's various aspects of life, life cycle, and individuality, confining women to existing biological maternal discourse is not suitable to help women grow as subjective leaders and contribute to society. The Korean church needs to find a new curriculum that encourages women to form subjective beliefs. In the life of Christian women of the period of port-opening, we can examine the process of the Korean Christian women establishing the subjectivity of the challenges of Protestant theology, which included stereotypes, gender division of labor, and matherhood discourse. Korean Christian women shared the oppressive experiences of traditional patriarchy after passing silent and receptive perceptions, forming a subjective perception of their injustice and seeking liberation. And it was able to act as a subject of faith by forming a procedural and constructive awareness within a sympathetic and relational community. The Korean church should reconstruct the Christian women's curriculum by reflecting on the curriculum that women formed themselves over 100 years ago.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.16 no.4 s.34
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• pp.27-41
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to provide a primary data for the revision of Home Economics Curriculum from the quantitative content analysis of illustrations in current Home Economics textbooks from the gender equity perspective. This study analyzed 342 illustrations and 1.368 individuals in 15 volumes of Home Economics textbooks of the 7th curriculum by units. The major findings of this study show that current Home Economics textbooks improved compared to the textbooks of previous the 4th, 5th. and 6th curriculum periods in terms of sex proportion and sex compositions of individuals appeared in illustrations. However, sex roles. color of clothing and dressing styles. and background and description of individuals appeared in illustrations tends to not described as gender equitable. This study recommends that there is a need for Department of Education to provide a specific manual and authorization standards for writing textbooks and constructing illustrations.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.107-120
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze representations of fatherhood of childcare entertainment reality programs. For this purpose, two episodes of of MBC were analyzed by semiotic analytic methods, especially, signs, images, combined level of significations, etc. The results indicated that fathers of the programs reflected modern ideal images of feminist fatherhood in which fathers cooperated to care children with mothers, and played the role of intimate friend-daddies, daddies as friends. A post-modern male ideology was inherent in those fatherhood changes. Those fathers in this program intermittently exposed narratives of inexperienced fathers while dedicating themselves to cooperative childcare adequate to the purpose of the program, suggesting that it would reproduce the mother-childcare ideology as a result. Furthermore, although such reflected changes towards fatherhood enthusiastically involving in childcare represented the modern ideal fatherhood, it is still identified that gender stereotypes, gender-based discrimination and patriarchal male ideologies were inherent in the ways of their guiding children. In short, such trend of friend-daddies did not imply an revolutional change from male-centered patriarchal family structures to male-female cooperated family structures.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.39-69
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• 2008

The present study examined the overall receptivity of community members to migrant wives in Korea. A total of 23 community members from two regions, Ansan, an urban area and Youngam, a rural area, were selected for the interview based on their prior experience with migrant wives. Data were collected via a semi-structured interview method. The participants provided their personal feelings and thoughts on a variety of issues involving migrant wives, such as how they perceive migrant wives' original culture and lifestyles, the nature of their interaction experience with migrant wives, their overall evaluation of migrant wives, their opinions about migrant wives' cultural adaptation, and their opinions about the on-going transformation of the Korean society into a multi-racial, multi-cultural society. Interview results indicated that, although the participants' attitude toward migrant wives was positive, the overall receptivity to migrant wives was largely based on the traditional sex-role stereotypes typically found in the Korean society. Moreover, the vast majority of the participants endorsed a narrow-minded, uni-directional perspective on cultural adaptation which puts far greater emphasis on migrant wives' assimilation into the host culture than reciprocal influence process between the two cultures. Implications of the study and directions for future research were discussed.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.67
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• pp.301-337
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• 2021

The researcher looked at the differences in views and various controversies surrounding Korean youth sexuality education in the wake of the Nth Room incident, which had a great impact on modern Korean society. Sex education for adolescents in Korea can be divided into public sex education through school sex education and the Youth Sexuality Center, and conservative/traditional Protestant sex education. Public sex education is partly influenced by feminist sexual ethics and comprehensive sex education abroad. Based on gender sensitivity and the right to sexual self-determination, four major projects are prevention of sexual harassment, prostitution, sexual violence, and domestic violence. However, the school sex education standard was criticized for stereotypes of gender roles and gender-discriminatory content, reinforced distorted myths about sexual violence, and exclusion of sexual diversity and various family types. Conservative/traditional Protestantism is based on the normal family ideology such as bisexual marriage, premarital chastity, and sexual ethics recognized only within marital relationships. It is a form of confrontation with public sex education while strongly opposing it. The researcher first analyzed the characteristics of public sex education, conservative/traditional Protestant sexual ethics and sex education, feminist sex ethics and sex education, and overseas youth sex education, respectively, while composing the curriculum for Korean youth sexuality education. And as a more fundamental solution to youth sexuality education, I pointed out that there are limits to asceticism, premarital chastity, gender sensitivity and sexual self-determination education, and found an alternative to the concept of body and sex in feminist theology. The researcher pointed out that it is necessary to reconceptualize the body and sex under the recognition that the most fundamental cause of distorted sexual culture is dualistic sex and understanding the body, centering on the research of various feminist theologians. And this was conceptualized into three concepts: holistic sexuality, mutual solidarity understood in relationships with others, and sexuality as a spirituality that extends to the global community. And with each curriculum, 1) Holistic Sexuality: Breathing, Narrative, Making the Shape of One's Body and Mind 2) mutual solidarity : Feeling the Breath of Others, Media Literacy through Conscientization, Sending a Good Wind 3) Sexuality as a spirituality that extends to global concern: It was proposed to pay attention to nature and to co-cultivate it, to listen to the earth's moans and create a new way of life, and to write a prayer with the earth and fellow living beings.