• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2009.03a
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• pp.266-269
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• 2009

산지를 이용하기 위해서는 규제지역 정보, 임상, 지형 등 다양한 정보가 필요하다. 반면에 산주들은 산지 정보를 획득하기가 어렵다. 산지를 개발하고자 토지 매입 등을 거친후 인 허가 과정에서 개발 적지가 아닌 것으로 판명되면서 사회적 비용이 낭비될 우려가 있다. 산림청에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하고자 대축척의 산지구분도를 구축하여 '09년부터 산지정보시스템으로 서비스하고 있다. 산지관리 업무를 기존의 단 방향적이며 정적인 C/S 기반에서 개방과 참여를 중시하는 웹 2.0 기반으로 개편한 것이다. 산림청에서는 서비스하는 산지 정보 변화 내역 모니터링 등 시스템 유지 관리를 통해 최신 산지 정보를 제공하는 한편 사용자 편의성도 지속적으로 강화할 계획이다.

• The Korea Beekeeping Bulletin
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• s.329
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• pp.14-16
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• 2008

2008년도에는 제2의 항생제 파동이 발생하지 않도록 하기 위해서 양봉농가는 친환경사양관리 및 약제를 시용하고, 협회에서는 우선적으로 항생제검사기기 구입과 협회품질관리 인증제개선으로 소비자에게 안전한 먹거리를 제공할 수 있도록 노력하겠습니다. 또한 관계기관과 협조하여 친환경 사양기법/방제약품 등을 연구개발 하도록 하겠습니다. 밀원수 식재는 산림정책에 반영하여 국가보호수로 관리하도록 하고, 전업농육성을 위한 등록제도, 벌꿀홍보를 위한 임의자조금제도 추진할 수 있는 기틀을 마련하겠습니다. 특히 수입개방과 관련하여 각종 FTA, EU협상과 D D A협상에 우리 양봉농가 피해를 최소화 할 수 있도록 최선을 다해 노력 하겠습니다.

• Landscaping Tree
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• s.147
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• pp.38-42
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• 2015

최근 기후변화 개방화로 산림과 농경지 모두가 서식처인 외래종 꽃매미, 미국선녀벌레, 갈색날개매미충 등의 새로운 해충이 돌발적으로 발생하여 그 피해가 심각해지고 있다. 이 해충들은 흡즙성의 가해양상을 보이며 알로 월동하고 생활사가 유사하며 기주범위가 상당히 넓다는 공통적인 특징을 지니고 있다. 꽃매미의 유입 정착사례에서 보듯이 최근의 기후변화가 발생과 관련되어 있어 앞으로 수목과 농작물 모두에 피해가 우려되고 있는 실정이다. 특히 최근 온화한 겨울 기온과 봄철 이상기온으로 인해 알로 월동하는 해충들의 월동치사율이 감소하고 발생시기가 빨라질 것으로 예측되는 상황에서 이들 문제 해충의 생태 및 방제법에 대하여 간단히 소개하고자 한다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.6
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• pp.650-655
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• 2008

In an attempt to establish the mass proliferation system, Eucalyptus pellita, a 5-year-old plus tree, was cultured with three different culture types in 1L vessels: solid culture without ventilation (conventional culture), liquid culture without ventilation and open-type liquid culture with forced ventilation. Then the culture scale was subsequently increased from 1L to 10L in vessel volume. After 4 weeks of 1L-scale culture, the best growth was obtained by culturing plantlets on open-type liquid culture, suggesting that the in vitro plantlets growth can be enhanced by liquid medium and ventilation. In open-type large scale culture in 10L vessel, plantlets growth resulted in a 370% increase in the number of nodes, 3.6 times increase in leaf expansion, and 3.3 times increase in shoot length, while the conventional culture suppressed shoot growth due to the callusing on the leaves and lack of $CO_2$. The results indicated that the open-type large scale culture system was effective for enhancing productivity by improving growth of the plantlets in clonally proliferated plus tree, Eucalyptus pellita.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.108 no.2
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• pp.224-232
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• 2019

The movement of fish to the upper and the lower parts of a mountain stream was investigated based on the installation of specific types of structures within the stream. The results indicated that as the flow rate increases after a rain, the height of the drop in an open-type structure, such as a concrete box, is decreased so that the floating fishes, such as the Chinese minnow fish, move relatively easily from the upper to the lower parts and from the lower to the upper parts of the stream. In contrast, the fishes released from an upper point of a wall-type structure with <1 m, such as rocks drop works and stone masonry for stream-grade stabilization, were trapped in the lower part of the stream and, even after the rainy season, it was difficult for the fish to move from the lower to the upper parts of the stream. In particular, the barrier-type structures ${\geq}3m$ limit the movement of fish, even when there are few drainage holes at the lower end of the dam, and there is no space for the fishes to communicate with each other, even when the flow rate is high; therefore, although the fish are active, they are restricted to move according to the type and characteristics of the structures. When installing structures in a mountain stream, the height of the structure must be low enough to allow the fish to communicate with each other or an open-type structure must be installed. The fish habitat and water conditions within the stream must be considered when designing the type and height of the in-stream structures.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.3
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• pp.400-407
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• 1999

The purpose of thin paper is to test difference of the two question formats, open-ended and dichotomous choice formats, in the contingent valuation method using the estimated recreational benefits. The data were collected from the visitors at the Songnisan National Park. The recreational benefit based on the equivalent variation. The two question formats, but the same content, were asked of the same individuals. In this analysis, it was used travel cost and monthly income as the exogenous variables, which assumed a linear functional form for the WTP equation. The model assumed a bivariate normal distribution on the basis of the probit and tobit model concerning the censored zero WTP. The result showed no differences in the recreational benefits from the different question formats under a same respondent. The mean benefit was estimated 25.556 Won per 5 years per visitors.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.169-180
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• 2014

Chemical weathering of forest soils can reduce atmospheric $CO_2$ concentration over geologic time scales, providing many essential elements for life. Although many studies have been conducted on the effects of elevated atmospheric $CO_2$ on forest carbon storage using open top chambers and FACE (Free air $CO_2$ enrichment) facilities since the 1990s, studies on chemical weathering of forest soils under elevated $CO_2$ are relatively rare. Here I review on how elevated atmospheric $CO_2$ can affect the chemical weathering of forest soils and suggest directions on future research. Despite the recent advances in chemical weathering of forest soils under elevated atmospheric $CO_2$, it is still not clear how the large volume of forest soils would react under the condition. Future studies on weathering of forest soils covering large areas from the tropics to the polar regions with carefully monitored pre-treatment data would provide key information on how soils, the Earth's life sustaining engine, change under climate change.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.100 no.3
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• pp.483-493
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• 2011

Erosion control dams play a primary role in preventing or controlling natural disasters (landslide and debris flow etc.) and also conserve ecosystem in forested watersheds. This study examines structural characteristics of the dams such as the height of ecosystem control and the ecosystem permeability of the erosion control dams under standard drawings and the existing construction works. The objective of this study was to characterize the type classification of erosion control dams as ecosystem. Average permeability was highest on eco-piller dam (63.0%), followed in increasing order by wire rope (13.9%), silt dam (10.9%), multifunctional dam (7.2%), and gravity dam (0.4%). The height of ecosystem control was highest on gravity dam (3.2 m), followed in increasing order by multifunctional dam (1.7 m), wire rope dam (1.2 m), silt dam (0.6 m), and eco-piller dam (0.0 m). Criteria for defining the height of ecosystem control was indefinite. We grouped erosion control dams into three functional types (eco-connection, eco-semi connection, and eco-disconnection) by considering physical and structural characteristics such as the ecosystem permeability and the height of ecosystem control. The type of eco-connection (permeability > 20%) had connection areas from streambed to adjacent riparian areas, and these connection areas serve as ecosystem corridors for fauna and flora. Typical wildlife species includes mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes. The type of eco-semi connection (5% < permeability < 20%) had < 2 m in the eco-barrier height from streambed, however, this type of dams partially serve as wildlife corridors and often provide fish ways. The type of eco-disconnection (permeability < 5%) had > 2 m in the eco-barrier height from streambed, thereby preventing wildlife movement.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.273-288
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• 2023

Although many studies have been conducted on techniques and effects that can be applied to forest meditation in domestic forest healing meditation research, there has been little research on the space where forest meditation takes place. Nevertheless, a meditation space is not just a place concept but a forest environment element responsible for the healing function of a forest, i.e., a place containing healing factors, and can be an essential clue to the healing mechanism. Therefore, to determine whether a healing forest meditation space is suitable for meditation, this study selected the attribute items of the meditation space using the Delphi expert survey and then surveyed the user satisfaction of the healing forest meditation space using the IPA (Importance Performance Analysis) technique. The survey was conducted from August to November 2022, targeting 315 adults who used the forest meditation space at the National Center for Forest Therapy, the Saneum Healing Forest, and the Jathyanggi Pureunsup Arboretum in Gyeonggi Province. The result of the IPA analysis showed the average satisfaction with the forest meditation space was relatively high at 4.33 points on a 5-point Likert scale (4.33 points for the National Center for Forest Therapy, 4.34 points for the Saneum Healing Forest, and 4.37 points for the Jathyanggi Pureunsup Arboretum), indicating that the three healing forest meditation spaces were suitable for forest meditation. Satisfaction with the "Sounds of nature" was high in all three forests. On the other hand, all three forests showed a relatively low satisfaction with "Quietness," indicating it to be a priority problem to be addressed. Also, an open-ended questionnaire survey showed that the mediation space's natural elements, such as natural sounds, scenery, air, forest spaces, and scents, had a higher positive impact on meditation satisfaction than artificial elements, such as facilities. Therefore, it is essential to secure sound resources such as the sound of water and birds around the meditation space, and it is also necessary to consider ways to create a meditation forest in an independent area to avoid encounters with visitors and allow only participants in the forest healing meditation program to enter to increase satisfaction with forest meditation.

• Korean Journal of Ornithology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.94-100
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• 2018

Bird electrocution on contact with electricity lines is well reported and is quite common in Mongolian open areas. We visited 15-kV electricity distribution pole lines in a Southern Mongolian semi-desert region three times in 2017, in April, July, and September, to assess their risks to birds. The carcasses of 45 electrocuted birds representing 12 species were identified from 250 poles (overall mortality rate of 1.12% every 10 km). The majority of these electrocuted birds were endangered Saker Falcon (n=11) and common Black Kite (n=11). The lacks of roosting or perching sites in our study sites (indeed other open areas in Mongolia) may resulted for such high rate bird electrocution. A 751-base pair (bp) cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene was amplified for DNA sequence-based identification of carcasses that were difficult to identify directly. Our findings revealed the high electrocution risk for birds in Mongolian open areas, especially for the birds of prey, with relatively low-efficiency electrocution mitigation approaches. The findings also indicate that there is a need for better understanding of the risk of bird electrocution, particularly in the open areas. This will contribute to the conservation of endangered species.