• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.140-149
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• 2008

Objective : This study was performed to find out the difference of symptoms between rhinitis and sinusitis in young patients who were diagnosed by PNS plain radiograph( PNS series), Methods: We did statistical analysis about 147 new outpatients under 12 year-old who had visited the department of ophthalmology, otolaryngology, dermatology in Kyung Hee Oriental Medicine Center from March 2, 2006 to February 29, 2008. All of the patients were diagnosed by PNS series and we divided the patients with two groups; rhinitis group and sinusitis group. We checked the OPD records and explore the distribution on sex, experience of past western therapy, age and duration. Then we divided symptoms into nine; 'nasal obstruction', 'purulent rhinorrhea', 'cough & sneezing', 'watery rhinorrhea', postnasal drip', 'sputum', 'head problem', 'snoring & throat discomfort' and 'epistaxis'. We also divided age into 2 groups: $0\sim7$ years old and $8{\sim}12$ years old. We carried out chi-square test as a statistical method. Results : The results were as follows. 1. Sinusitis group were 102(69.5%); 62 have only sinusitis. 40 have both sinusitis and adenoidal hypertrophy. Rhinitis group were 45(30.5%); 13 have adenoidal hypertrophy and 32 were negative. 2. Male were 98(sinusitis 65, rhinitis 33), female were 49(sinusitis 37, rhinitis 12). 3. Patients who had experienced past western therapy were 120(sinusitis 81, rhinitis 39), no experienced patients were 27(sinusitis 21, rhinitis 6). 4. Distribution on age of sinusitis was 1(1 yr), 2(2 yrs), 3(3 yrs), 15(4 yrs), 15(5 yrs), 23(6 yrs), 13(7 yrs), 12(8 yrs), 8(9 yrs), 5(10 yrs), 1(11 yrs), 4(12 yrs). Distribution on age of rhinitis was 1(1 yr), 0(2 yrs), 1(3 yrs), 1(4 yrs), 9(5 yrs), 5(6 yrs), 3(7 yrs), 5(8 yrs), 1(9 yrs), 8(10 yrs), 6(11 yrs), 5(12 yrs), 5. Duration of sinusitis was 20(<2 months), 6($2{\sim}3$ months), 11($3\sim6$ months), 34($6\sim12$ months), 31(>12 months) and of Rhinitis was 11(<2 months), 0($2\sim3$ months), 5($3\sim6$ months), 18($6\sim12$ months), 11(>12 months) 6. Distribution on symptoms, sinusitis patients were 86(nasal obstruction), 52(purulent rhinorrhea), 46(cough & sneezing), 38(watery rhinorrhea), 41(postnasal drip), 23(sputum), 18(head problem), 15(snoring & throat discomfort), 6(epistaxis). The each symptom and sinusitis have no relation by chi-square test. 7. The number of patients who were 0 $\sim$ 7 years old was 92: sinusitis 72(49%), non-sinusitis 20(13.6%). The number of patients who were 8 $\sim$ 12 years old was 58: sinusitis 30(20.4%), non-sinusitis 25(l7%). By chi-square test(confidence level 95%), sinusitis and age under 7 have a significant relation(p=0.003). Conclusions : There is no relation between rhinologic symptoms and sinusitis. Patients under 7 years old with rhinologic symptoms tend to have sinusitis.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.293-304
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• 2005

렌즈 세척제인 ReNu$^{TM}$의 안자극테스트를 한국식품의약품안전청의 고시에 따라서 Draize방법(1959)을 사용하여 분석하였다. 부가해서 검사 항목의 잠재성 독성테스트를 위해서 염증세포와 비염증세포의 비율에서 역시 눈 분비물에 대한 세포도말표본사용으로 관찰하였다. 검사에서 각막, 홍채, 망막, 그리고 공막에 대한 조직학적 변화들은 역시 모든 실험동물에서 관찰되었다. 각막과 결막의 약간 자극성은 벼비척그룹에서 점안후 1, 2, 3일에서 관찰되었다. 이러한 지점에서의 안점막자극지수(MIOI)는 각각 4.17, 3.00, 1.33으로 확인되었다. 세척군에서 각막과 결막의 약간의 자극은 각각 0.67과 1.33으로서 MIOI로서 점안후 1일과 2일에서 관찰되었다. 따라서 ReNu$^{TM}$은 비자극성 물질로 생각된다. 왜냐하면 MIOI는 세척군과 비세척군 모두에서 전체 실험기간을 통해서 5.00이하로 관찰되었다. 급성안자극계수(IAOI)는 역시 4.17로서 확인되었다(점안후 일일). 일부의 예외들은 비세척군의 점안후 1일에서 분비물에서 염증세포 비율의 경향이 증가되었다. 그러나 유의성은 없었다. 한편 안분비물의 도말세포관찰에서 의미있는 변화들은 본 연구에서 관찰되었다. 부가해서 각막, 홍채, 공막 위에서 비정상조직 변화는 역시 비처리된 대군군 눈과 비교해서 ReNu$^{TM}$, 점안군에서는 탐지되지 않았다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2012

Objectives: We investigated weight gain effects of the Bofesungjangjeungbo-tang ($B\check{u}f\grave{e}ich\acute{e}ngzh\check{a}ngz\bar{e}ngb\check{u}$-tang) on thin Korean preschool children with frequent common cold or chronic rhinitis Methods Bofesungjangjeungbo-tang was empirically composed of 14 herbs for treating indigestion, and common cold or chronic rhinitis. We analyzed 60 preschool children who have visited Kim Kijoon Oriental Clinic BOM from Jan. 1, 2006 to Aug. 31, 2011 with three criteria: 1) 2~5yrs of age and BMI<50th percentile 2) children those who had taken the Bofesungjangjeungbo-tang for 1~3 month (s), 3) Availability of records on before/after treatment within 3 months. Weight gain of the children after treatment was evaluated by the changes of BMI percentile compared to pre-treatment. Results Bofesungjangjeungbo-tang significantly improved BMI percentile in all groups (1 month: $21.33{\pm}10.04$ vs $26.43{\pm}13.16$, p<0.001; 2 months: $21.90{\pm}10.28$ vs $29.03{\pm}15.06$, p<0.001; 3 months: $19.06{\pm}10.04$ vs $35.71{\pm}17.40$, p=0.001). Gender, age and pre-treatment BMI had no significant effects on the effectiveness of Bofesungjangjeungbo-tang. Conclusions: Bofesungjangjeungbo-tang positively affected weight gain in 2~5yrs Korean preschool children with BMI below 50 percentile within 1~3 month (s) of treatment. However, additional studies on functional dyspepsia or the change of energy intake are needed to understand the factors related to weight gains.

• 공업화학
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.397-401
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• 2016

새로운 고체산화제 화합물인 pyridinium dinitramide (Py-DN)는 환경 및 인체에 독성이 적은 비염소계의 에너지물질로서 고체 추진제 뿐만 아니라 단일계 추진제로 활용이 가능한 high performance green propellant (HPGP) 물질이다. 합성반응은 술팜산칼륨(potassium sulfamate, $NH_2SO_3K$)을 출발물질로 시작하였으며, 합성된 Py-DN의 화학적인 구조특성을 적외선분광법과 가시광선-자외선분광법으로 관찰하였다. 또한, 유사한 물성의 친환경 고체산화제인 ammonium dinitramide[ADN, $NH_4N(NO_2)_2$]와 guanidine dinitramide[GDN, $NH_2C(NH_2)NH_2N(NO_2)_2$]의 열특성을 TG/DSC로 분석하여 상대 비교하였다. 본 연구에서 합성한 Py-DN염의 흡열온도는 $77.4^{\circ}C$, 분해온도는 $144.7^{\circ}C$, 발열에너지는 1739 J/g으로 기존의 DN계열 물질보다 열적 반응이 빠르므로 분해온도가 상대적으로 낮아 단일계 추진제의 촉매 분해 시 촉매의 예열온도를 낮출 수 있어 로켓추력기의 연료로 활용할 경우, 낮은 분해온도 적용성에 장점이 있다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.36-50
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• 2005

Background and Objectives: Allergic rhinitis is an allergic reaction characterized by sneezingm itchy nose, mouth and throat, congestion and/or nasal discharge. The offending allergenes are usually pollens, molds, dust mites and animal allergen. Recently, the incidence of infectious nasal diseases tend to decrease. However, allergic rhinitis has increased and treatment in most cases has only deat with the symptom. Tongkyu-tang was composed of sixteen crude drugs. The Oriental Medical References mention therapeutic effects of Tongkyu-tang on nasal obstruction, watery nasal discharg. And Tongkyu-tang has clinically been used for the treatment of common cold, headache, sternutation, rhinitis etc. Speacially Tongkyu-tang is one of the most frequently used medical treatment for the allergic rhinitis. Experimental studies were conducted to investigate for the effect of Tongkyu-tang on the changes of neutrophil segment, lymphocyte, total IgE and nassal tissue in allergic rhinitis of ovalbumin-inhalation rat. Meterial and Methods: Fifteen Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three group: normal group, control group, experimental group. To induce the allergic rhinitis in control group and experimental group, rats were sentitized intraperitoneally with 0.1 % ovalbumin solution 3 times at intervals of I week. Then intranasal sensitization was performed by diffusing 0.1 % ovalbumin solution 3 times at intervals of 2 days. After that time, rat in the experimental group were oral administration treated by Tongkyu-tang for 28 days. We observed changes in nasal tissue; changes in the number of white blood cell, red blood cell and total Ig E; also changes in the segment of neutrophil and lymphocyte in blood. And we observed the changes of AST, ALT of three group. We used anova test statistically. Result: The number of leucocyte remained unchanged between three group. The number of erythrocyte was increased in experimental group and control group when compared with the normal group. The segment of neutrophil, in blood was decreased in experimental group when compared with the control group but, that was not significant statistically(p<0.05). The promotion of lymphocyte in blood was significantly decreased in experimental group when compared with the Control group(p<0.05). Total IgE was decreased in experimental group when compared with the control group but, that was not significant statistically(p<0.05). The cilium be well preserved in experimental group: the nasal tissue in experimental group was similar to in the normal group. Congestion and expantion of grandular cell in nasal submucosa, hypertropy of epithelium in nasal mucosa, acid mucus in epithelium and neutral mucus in subepithelium were decreased in experimental group when compared with the control group. Effect of Tongkyu-tang on the liver function were also studies in rats. Treatment of Tongkyu-lang did not affected on AST and ALT. Conclusion: Considering the above experimental results, it is suggested that oral administration treatment using Tongkyu-lang, without worry about liver function injury, decreased response on an Animal model with Allergic Rhinitis.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.175-185
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical effect of Moxa-Pellet treatment for nasal symptoms and quality of life(QOL) in patients with allergic rhinitis. Methods: Subjects were voluntarily recruited through newspaper and internet advertisement. In this randomized, single blind and controlled study, experimental group (n=19) received real Moxa-Pellet treatment and control group(n=20) received sham Moxa-Pellet treatment for 3 weeks. Acupuncture points used were $LI_4$, $ST_{36}$, $LU_7$, $GV_{14}$ and $GB_{20}$. Patient's nasal symptoms and QOL were assessed before and after 3 weeks treatment by the Nasal Symptom Scores(NSS) and the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey(SF-36). Results : The results were as follows; 1. Among items of NSS, Sneezing' Rhinorrhea' Itching scores and Total Nasal Symptom Scores(TNSS) were significantly improved in experimental group after 3 weeks Moxa- Pellet treatment(p<0.05). In control group, there was no significant difference in all items except Headache item of NSS. 2. Among 8 domains of SF- 36, experimental group showed significant difference in Role-Emotional(RE), Mental Health(MH) and Bodily Pain(Bp) after 3 weeks Moxa- Pellet treatment(p<0.05). Control group showed no significant difference in all domains except one domain(Role limitation-physical). Conclusions: These results suggest that Moxa-Pellet treatment can be applicable to improve nasal symptoms and QOL in the patients with allergic rhinitis. Further long tenn studies on the Moxa-Pellets treatment's sustaining power and safety is needed.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.1377-1384
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 녹차(Camellia sinensis)잎 추출물, 구아바(Psidium guajava)잎 추출물 그리고 장미 (Rosa hybrida)꽃잎 추출물로 이루어진 식물추출 복합물(PEM381)이 실험동물상에서 제 I 형 알레르기 반응에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 제 I 형 알레르기 반응을 유발시킨 생쥐를 모델로 류코트리엔류, 프로스타글란딘류 그리고 히스타민 농도 및 호산구의 비강내 침윤 정도를 측정하였다. 그 결과 PEM381은 류코트리엔류의 생합성을 억제할 뿐만 아니라 호산구의 비강내침윤도 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 비록 통계학적으로 유의적인 차이는 없었으나 PEM381은 히스타민 방출을 억제하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 PEM381에 의한 프로스타글란딘류의 생합성에 미치는 영향은 신뢰할만한 결과를 얻어내지 못했다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 PEM381은 알레르기성 비염, 아토피 피부염 및 기관지 천식 같은 제 I 형 알레르기 질환에 대하여 예방 및 개선에 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.422-426
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• 2002

비염해지인 육답에 대한 간척답의 염농도가 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%인 지역에서 수도 생육 및 수량반응을 비교 검토하여 수도의 내염성 및 품종육성의 기초자료를 얻고자 일반계 품종 6품종 통일형 5품종을 공시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 출수지연 정도는 육답 대비 0.2%포장에서는 일반계 품종은 2일, 통일형품종은 3일이 지연되었고, 0.3%포장에서는 일반계품종이 5일, 통일형품종이 8일, 그리고 0.4%포장에서는 각각 10일과 13일이 지연되었다. 2. 간장은 일반계품종이 13-39%, 통일형품종이 12-35% 감소율을 보였고, 수수는 일반계품종이 16-40%, 통일형품종이 14-35% 감소율을 나타내어 간장 및 수수의 감소율은 일반계 품종이 더 심하였다. 3. 수당립수는 일반계품종과 통일형품종 공히 10-40%의 감수율을 보였으나, 등숙율은 일반계품종 20-48%와 통일형품종 19-52%의 감수율을 보여, 통일형품종이 더 심하였다. 4. 천립중은 23% 이내의 비교적 적은 감소율을 보인 반면, 수량은 일반계 품종은 20-62%, 통일형품종은 25-68%의 감소율을 보여 통일형품종이 더 컸다.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.188-195
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 집먼지 진드기 추출물은 호중구에 단독으로 작용하는 것보다, 림프구와 호중구의 공동배양에서 호중구의 세포고사를 더 억제시켰다. 집먼지 진드기는 알레르기 질환의 림프구에서 IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, GM-CSF의 분비를 증가시켰다. 집먼지 진드기에 의해 증가된 사이토카인은 protein kinase C ${\delta}$의 억제제인 rottlerin과 p38 MAPK의 억제제인 SB202190에 의해서 감소하였다. 집먼지 진드기에 의해 활성화된 p38 MAPK은 protease-activated receptor (PAR2)의 억제제, rottlerin, SB202190에 의해서 억제되었다. Serine protease 억제제인 aprotinin과 cysteine protease 억제제인 E64은 림프구의 사이토카인의 증가와 관련이 없었다. 또한 집먼지 진드기에 의해 증가된 사이토카인의 변화는 천식과 알레르기 비염 환자에서 차이가 없었다. 림프구에서 집먼지진드기에 의해서 분비되는 분자들은 호중구의 유주운동을 억제시켰다. 본 연구를 통하여 집먼지진드기에 의해 유발되는 알레르기 질환의 병인기전을 규명하는데 유용한 결과가 될 것이다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.397-402
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• 2002

Clinical studies were done treated with aroma therapy in 22cases of patients for suffering allergic rhinitis. who were treated at Dept of Oriental respiratory internal medicine in the Hospital of Taejeon University from January 2001 to May 2001. The results were as follows. 1. In distribution of sex & age. 45.5% of them were man, and 54.5% of them were woman. Of those who were attached, 2. In distribution of occupation, 59% of them were student, 18% of them were housewife, 18% of them were white color, 9% Of them were blue color. 3. In distribution of the period of the clinical history, under six months was 32%, under 1 year was 9%, under 3 years was 27%, over 3 years was 32%. 4. In distribution of the seasonal contributing factor, most of them were perenial allergic rhinitis, others generally started in spring or winter. 5. In distribution of past history, 59% of them are none, 18% of them are asthma, 18% of them are atopic dermatitis, 5% of them are allergic dermatitis. 6. In distribution of family history, 46% of them are none, 27% of them are sibling line, 18% of them are paternal line, 9% of them are maternal line. 7. In distribution of symptom, the ratio of sneezing was 90%, nasal discharge was 81 %, nasal obstruction was 46%, pruritus was 41 %, headache was 31%, asthma was 22%, digestion disorder was 18%, tears was 9%, nosebreeding was 5%. 8. In distribution of diagnosis in descending order, wind-cold evil was 5%, spleen-lung energy asthnia was 31 %, lung-kidney asthnia was 64%. 9. In distribution of Herb medicine treatment, Tonggyu-tang was the most, the second was hyunggaiyunyo-tang. 10 In emotional change of patients aroma-therapy, only 14% of them felt good. 11. The total remedial value of the 22 patients was revealed 32.9%. 12. In proportion to grow older, the remedial value were decreased. 13. In proportion to the period of the clinical history was longer, the remedial value were decreased.