• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.261-272
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• 2022

The aim of the study is to develop the Adolescent Anger Provocation Scale(AAPS) for Korean adolescents. In order to develop the scale, two research processes were conducted. First, a total of 130 items were derived from various related research. After analyzing 130 items by a research team(2 related field professors and 2 Ph.D. students), a total of 54 items reconstructed based on redundancy, cultural relevancy, and appropriateness. Second, a survey was administered among 252 Korean adolescents. After analyzing an exploratory factor analysis, 12 items of poor factor loading were deleted. Thus, seven factors and 42 items were extracted. Seven factors were as follows: (1) threat to self-esteem, (2) uncontrollable situations, (3) violation of personal property, (4) incidents associated with rejection, (5) violation of regulation or rules, (6) disrespectful treatment, (7) unfair treatment due to age. The internal consistency and convergence validity of the scale were supported. The results of confirmatory factor analysis were also reported. In addition, study limitations and recommendations of future research were discussed.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2000

Objectives: This study was performed to examine the characteristic cardiovascular response patterns associated with the imagination and discussion of anger-provoked events in patients with hwa-byung. Methods: Forty-three female patients with hwa-byung were evaluated with the Korean version of the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety, Beck Depression Inventory, and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression just before the task. Subjective Units of Distress (SUDS) and Vividness of the event (VIVID) during the imagination and discussion of the event were evaluated immediately after tasks. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) during baseline, rest, and tasks were also evaluated. Results: Both startle and recovery responses of BP, startle response of HR, SUDS, and VIVID in discussion task were significantly larger than in the imagination task. Conclusion: Results suggest that it is undesirable for the patients to excessively and repeatedly recall and talk about the anger events.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.520-532
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide basic data for the development of the anger provoking situation scale using the mixed research method. For this purpose, three research methods were used: content analysis of domestic and international anger-inducing situation scale, NAS-PI factor and reliability analysis of youth anger-provoking scale, and FGI with youth expert. In the results of NAS-PI, there were four categories of 'unrespectful treatment', 'unfairness', 'annoying traits of others', and 'irritation' except 'frustration' among five categories. The results of the FGI consisted of seven categories: 'rejection', 'physical and verbal violence', 'ignorance', 'frustration', 'control and restraint', 'rumination', and 'interpersonal relationship'. As a result of integrating these contents, it is finally possible to reconstruction in to seven categories such as 'unfairness', 'injustice', 'ignorance', 'control and restraint', 'ignorance', 'frustration' 'interpersonal relationship'. The meaning of this study is to provide the basic data for the development of the anger provoking situation scale for domestic adolescents by integrating the contents analysis and quantitative and qualitative researches of domestic and international anger provoking situation scale. The results of this study are as follows. First, it is necessary to study the anger provoking situations reflecting sociocultural context, and to develop the reliability and validity of the anger provoking situation scale.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.71-78
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 아동 성격검사지(Personality Inventory for Children: PIC)의 하위척도 중의 하나인 비행척도 점수가 높은 아동과 낮은 아동의 안정상태 시의 생리반응 특성을 밝히고, 다양한 정서 유발조건에서의 생리반응 변화의 특성을 규명하고자 하였다. 87명의 아동이 실험에 참여하였으며, 아동의 연령범위는 7∼9세였다. 안정상태와 각 정서(기쁨, 분노, 슬픔, 스트레스)를 유발하는 동안에 심전도(Electrocardiogram: ECG)와 피부전기활동(Electrodermal activity: EDA)을 측정하였다. 각 정서 유발자극이 제시된 후, 아동들은 자신이 느낀 정서를 보고하였다. 한국판 아동용 성격검사지에 포함되어 있는 비행척도 문항을 이용해 아동의 비행점수를 계산하였으며, 비행척도 점수가 높은 아동과 낮은 아동을 각각 임의로 12명씩 선정하였다 비행척도 점수가 높은 아동은 비행척도 점수가 낮은 아동에 비해 안정상태에서 피부전도수준(Skin conductance level: SCL)과 심장박동률(Heart rate: HR)이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 정서를 유발하는 조건에서도 비행척도 점수가 높은 아동은 비행척도 점수가 낮은 아동에 비해 피부전도수준 변화와 심박률 변화가 적었다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.701-710
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating effect of anger expression styles on the relationship between school stress and interpersonal problem in adolescent. A total 300 students of middle and high school located in Chungcheongbuk-do completed the questionnaires to assess school stress, anger expression styles, and interpersonal problem during September to October, 2015 and 261 data were used in this report. Using multiple and hierarchical regression analysis, the results indicated that school stress, anger-in and anger-out significantly contributed to interpersonal problem. The interaction effect of school stress and anger expression styles were not significant. But anger-out significantly moderated the impact of school stress on domineering/controlling of interpersonal problem. These findings suggest that the intervention for preventing and relieving interpersonal problem in adolescent should focus on reducing school stress and maladaptive anger expression. Limitations and futre directions were discussed.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2017

This study aims to develop a reliable and valid Geriatric Reaction Inventory-Simplified Form (GRI-SF). Reaction inventory for measuring anger (Evans & Stangelang, 1971) is an assessment tool in a view of stimuli for measuring the level of anger invoked from the anger-triggered experiences. Yet, the inventory, comprised of 76 items, is sometimes incapable of finishing up the lengthy questionnaire. In the sense, a simplified form of RI is necessary for those lacks cognitive ability such as stroke patients or the elderly. In study 1, a full version of Reaction Inventory was given for the elder who are above 60, and ten items out of 76 was selected to form GRI-SF based on the psychometric theory. In study 2, the reliability and validity of GRI-SF was tested by another sample group of elderly with some additional examinations. The reliability was good with Cronbach's alpha of 0.79. Based on the fact that GRI-SF measures the personal trait anger, GRI-SF should not be only strong correlation with the scores of trait anger strongly, but be less correlated with scores representing other aspects of anger. As a result, GRI-SF score showed strong correlations with trait anger among other sub-categories of State-Trait Expression Inventory (STAXI), and was less correlated with anger-out score which reflects behavioral aspect of anger. Moreover, it is less correlated (r=.41) with hostility representing attitudinal or cognitive aspects of anger. Consequently, GRI-SF, constructed by this research, is verified to be a reliable and valid tool for anger measurement.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.20-25
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• 2000

본 연구는 아동을 대상으로 기녈 정서(기쁨\ulcorner슬픔\ulcorner분노\ulcorner스트레스\ulcorner무료함)를 유발시키는 정서프로토콜을 개발하고 이를 표준화하고자 실시되었다. 음악\ulcorner색깔\ulcorner정서전달도구를 이용하여 각각의 정서를 유발시키는 상황을 구성하였다. 정서평가를 위해서 아동용 정서평가척도를 개발하였다. 아동은 5가지의 정서상황을 경험한 후, 자신의 정서상태를 평가하였다. 정서프로토콜에 대한 평가는 아동의 자기보고와 전문가의 행동관찰분석으로 이루어졌다. 그 결과, 개발된 정서프로토콜은 각각의 기본정서를 효과적으로 유발시킨 것으로 나타났다. 연령별\ulcorner성별 비교에서는, 남아보다는 여아가 무료함을 더 강하게 느꼈으며, 학령이후의 아동은 학령이전의 아동보다 슬픔에 더 민감한 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.104-111
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• 2001

정서와 생리반응 (자율신경계 반응) 간의 관계에 관하여 성인을 대상으로 최근가지 많은 연구가 행해져 왔다. 본 연구에서는 동일한 실험참여자를 대상으로 일정 기간 동안 여러 회의 반복실험을 통해 정서(기쁨, 슬픔, 분노, 공포, 혐오)에 따른 자율신경계의 반응의 일관성과 정서별 자율신경계 반응 패턴을 규명하고자 하였다. 본 실험에 앞서 저서를 유발하기 우한 도구인 정서유발자극세트와 정서에 대한 심리반응을 평가하기 위한 정서평가척도가 제작되었다. 정서유발자극세트는 2-4분 정도의 각 정서 장면이 포함된 총 5개의 동영상 장면들이다. 예비실험을 통해 70％ 이상의 적합성 및 효과성을 가진 4개의 세트를 추출하여 본 실험에 사용하였다. 본 실험은 남녀 대학생 12명을 대상으로 4회 반복해서 실시되었다. 실험참여자들은 각 정서 장면을 시청 후, 유발된 정서에 대한 심리적인 평가를 하였다. 측정한 자율신경계 생리반응 변수는 ECG, PPG, EDA, SKT이었다. 연구 결과, 심리반응에서 정서유발자극세트는 75％ 이상의 적합성 및 효과성을 보였다. 생리반응(ECG, EDA) 분석 결과, 정서에 따른 자율신경계 반응은 회기별로 일관적이었으며, 각 정서별로 특정적인 생리반응 패턴을 가지는 것으로 나타났다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.317-324
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to determine whether or not cardiovascular reactivity parameters serve as good indicators in identifying differential emotion in children. The study particularly focused on five emotions(i.e., happiness, sadness, anger, stress, and boredom), thus, study participants were introduced to a combination of music, color, stories, and dolls to induce complex emotions. During the experiment, corresponding cardiovascular reactivity in response to the conditioned stimuli were recorded on physiological parameters including HR, RSA, HRV, HF HRV, LF HRV, and FPV. After the cardiovascular reactivity responses were measured, participants rated on the types and intensity of emotions they had experienced during the emotional stimuli exposure. Results on psychological response show that four emotions except for stress were appropriately and effectively induced participants by emotional stimuli. Findings of physiological responses suggest that, except for RSA, all of the physiological indicators show significant differences among five emotions. This indicates that children' emotions can be measured and differentiated by cardiovascular reactivity, or in other words, emotion specific responses have the ability to distinguish different emotions in children.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.381-392
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• 2009

The aim of this study was to develop a research protocol that provides standardized conditioning stimuli in effectively evoking emotion-specific responses in children. The protocol targets five specific emotions(i.e., happiness, sadness, anger, distress, and boredom) by introducing study participants to a combination of music, color, stories, and dolls. This research protocol also includes a self-report emotion assessment scale specially developed for this study to verify the types of emotion induced. Evaluation of the method entailed triangulation of the results from the subjects' self-reported emotional state corresponding to each conditioned stimulus as well as behavioral observations conducted by researchers. Findings suggest that this new protocol effectively evokes five emotions in correspondence to the way it was intended for appropriate emotion induction. Additionally, results showed that female children than male children are more likely to feel boredom; and school-aged children were more likely to react to sadness than pre-school children.