• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.334-340
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• 2011

The study was done to investigate the effects of the extracts from the different parts of Lythrum salicaria (LS) on liver protective activities in chronically alcohol-treated rats. SD male rats except normal animals were administrated with alcohol ($30m{\ell}$ of 30%~40% ethanol/kg/day) and the extracts (300 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks. Chronic alcohol administration decreased body weight, high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and the reduced form-glutathione (GSH), whereas increased the ethanol content, glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL)- cholesterol, triglyceride in blood/serum and the ratio of the oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG) and total GSH (GSSG/total GSH) in liver tissue. Groups treated with the extracts of leaf, root and stem, showed decrease in GOT, total cholesterol and GSSG/total GSH and increase in hepatic aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), total GSH and serum albumin. Administration with the root extract of LS decreased blood ethanol content compared with the other part extracts. But, serum triglyceride values in rats treated with root and stem extract were higher than that of the negative control animals. Flower extract-fed group showed decrease in body weight and serum triglyceride, but increase in the ratio of GOT and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and GSSG/total GSH. From the results, we conclude that the extracts of root and leaf among the plant parts of LS might be useful for the amelioration of the chronic alcohol-induced liver demage of rat.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.319-324
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Lythrum salicaria L. ethanol extract on anti-obesity effects in rat fed a high fat diet for 8 weeks to induce obese rat model. Male SD rats were divided into normal group, control (high fat diet) group, positive control (Garcinia Cambogia extracts) group, high fat group supplemented with ethanol extracts of Lythrum salicaria L. (EELS). The body weight gain and control (high fat diet) were increased by a high fat diet, but decreased in the EELS. At the end of the experiment, the body weight in high fat diet groups was higher than that of normal diet group, while the body weights of EELS and positive control group were significantly reduced by 16.62%, as compared with that of high fat diet group (p < 0.05). The levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol in EELS group were significantly decreased as compared with high fat diet group (p < 0.05). The liver and mesenteric adipose tissue weights of control (high fat diet) increase than that for normal group, whereas EELS and positive control group were significantly decreased (p < 0.05). Levels of triglyceride in liver were significantly lower in EELS group than those in high fat diet group (p < 0.05). These results indicate that Lythrum salicaria L. extract may improve lipid metabolism and reduce fat accumulation and body weight.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.832-841
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• 2013

This research, as a basic preliminary study for development of functional health food, is aimed at assessing the body fat reduction effect and for application to human body for such reduction in actual clinical settings by preliminary extraction of 2 types of wild edible greens, Lythrum salicaria L. and Aceriphyllum rossii. Subjects over the age of 19 and less than 60 years old with BMI value range of $23.0kg/m^2{\sim}29.9kg/m^2$ were recruited through screening were divided into experimental group and control group, each with 25 subjects, through randomized allocation. With both patients and evaluators wearing blindfold, the experimental group was orally administered with 4 capsules of 500mg of composite preparation containing the extracts of Lythrum salicaria L. and Aceriphyllum rossii 3 times a day for a period of 8 weeks while the control group was orally administered with 4 capsules of 500mg of placebo (fake food) with the same appearance as the preparation administered to the experimental group 3 times a day for a period of 8 weeks. After having carried out evaluation on physical examinations (body weight, BMI and body fat ratio, etc.), laboratory tests (general blood test, biochemical test of blood and urine test), lipid test, the changes were analyzed. There was no significant change between the 2 groups and within the groups in BMI and body fat ratio, which are the primary effectiveness evaluation at each time. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups in serum lipid and WHR, obesity related KOQOL, KEAT-26 which are the secondary effectiveness evaluations. There was no change between the 2 groups and within the groups in vital sign, CBC, BC and urin test. These results suggest that Lythrum salicaria L. and Aceriphyllum rossii ext. showed no significant reduction in BMI, body fat ratio and serum lipid. Additional confirmative clinical application test is needed in the future.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.409-415
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• 2010

In this study, the bioactivities of ethanol (EELS) and water extract (WELS) from the leaf of Lythrum salicaria L. were investigated. In the anti-cancer activity, the growths of both human prostate cancer (DU145) and human colonic carcinoma cell (HT29) were inhibited up 60% by adding 10 mg/$m{\ell}$ of EELS. Anti-inflammatory activity of EELS and WELS have been evaluated on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced release of nitric oxide (NO) by the macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. EELS and WELS inhibited inflammatory by 57.3 and 46.9% in 10 mg/$m{\ell}$, respectively. In the anti-oxidative activity, $IC_{50}$ of DPPH radical scavenging activity was respectively 60.71 and $92.90\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ by EELS and WELS. In the anti-diabetic activity, $IC_{50}$ of ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibitory activity of EELS and WELS were respectively 5,250 and $5,020\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. $IC_{50}$ of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity was 7.96 and $68.41\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ by EELS and WELS. In the anti-obesity, $IC_{50}$ of lipase inhibitory activity was 880 and $9,840\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ by EELS and WELS. Finally, EELS and WELS exhibited anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic activity and anti-obesity. It suggests that Lythrum salicaria L. could be potentially used as a resource of bioactive materials for health functional foods.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.323-328
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• 2010

Root extract of Lythrum salicaria reported a hepato-protective effect on $CCl_4$-induced liver toxicity of rat was prepared into fractions such as n-hexane up layer (HA), n-hexane down layer (HB), diethyl ether (E), ethylacetate (EA), n-butanol (B) and water (W). Fractions prepared were tested their activities in vitro and in vivo condition. All of the fractions showed effective antioxidant asctivities on DPPH radical and $CuSO_4$-induced oxidation of human low density lipoprotein and E fraction showed the highest inhibitory effect (98.1% at $50\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) on linoleic acid autoxidation at $40^{\circ}C$, which was more effective than $\alpha$-tocopherol (82.4%). Five fractions (H = HA plus HB, E, EA, B, and W, 150 mg/kg/day) were fed into Sprague Dawley, male rats for 4 days, which were intoxicated with intra-peritoneal injection of carbon tetrachloride ($1\;m{\ell}/kg$ in corn oil) at the 4th day and were sacrificed in 24 hrs. Serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-$\alpha$), a proinflammatory cytokine, elevated with $CCl_4$-intoxication in negative control group ($83\;pg/m{\ell}$) was significantly decreased in E fraction-supplemented group ($18\;pg/m{\ell}$). Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in negative control group (0.12 U/mg protein) was decreased in E fraction (0.07 U/mg protein). From the results, it is suggested that ether fraction from root extract of L. salicaria would be a potent antioxidant candidate for ameliorating liver injury induced by chemical intoxicant.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.298-304
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• 2010

For the investigation of possibility as a useful functional material, different parts of Lythrum salicaria L. harvested at four growth stages were studied in the aspect of bleeding characteristics, chemical composition and in vitro activity. Weights (g/plant) of L. salicaria plant parts were high in order to stem > leaf > flower > root at the best growth time. Crude lipids (3.59~4.30%) and crude proteins (14.7~23.5%) of L. salicaria leaves were the highest among the other plant parts showed from 0.08~3.54%, and 4.0~21.9%, respectively. Free sugars (2.9~4.2%) and crude ash (11.9~14.8) of leaves also showed the highest value. Free radical scavenging activities of L. salicaria root on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl showed from $43.5\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ to $47.6\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ as $IC_{50}$ which were followed by those of flower, leaf, and stem. Root of L. salicaria tested at $100\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ also showed the most efficient inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Cell viability of the plant parts tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) assay was high in order to flower, leaf, root, and stem. Total phenol content measured as tannic acid equivalent showed the highest value in flower. In conclusion, among the plant parts, especially leaf of L. salicaria, was rich in the chemical components, and showed efficient antioxidant/inhibitory activity on free radical and NO production, and was expected to be a functional material candidate.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2022

Objectives : Single oral dose toxicity test of Lythri Herba water extracts (LHWE) in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat was performed to determine approximate lethal dose (ALD) of LHWE. Methods : This test was progressed according to OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals : acute oral toxicity. After adaptation of 7 days, SD rats were divided into 2 groups : vehicle control and 5000 mg/kg LHWE-treated group. Each group consisted of 5 female rats and 5 male rats. Vehicle or 5000 mg/kg LHWE was orally administrated once a day. Survival rates, general toxicity, and changes of body weight were investigated for 14 days after administration. On the last day of examination, the weight of all animals was measured and an autopsy was performed. All internal organ abnormalities were checked macroscopically and their findings were recorded. Results : In both groups, dead animals were not observed. During 14 days of administration, abnormal clinical signs were not detected. There was also no significant difference in weight gains between each group. Autopsy analysis showed that one case of the LHWE-treated female group had retention of clear fluid in the uterus; however, it was not considered to be affected by LHWE administration. Moreover, abnormal findings were not discovered in the control male group and the LHWE-treated male group. Conclusions : These results suggest that the ALD of LHWE exceed 5000 mg/kg and single oral administration of LHWE below 5000 mg/kg is nontoxic.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.87-93
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• 2024

Objectives: Obesity is a globally prevalent public health issue. Hence, there is a need for the development of safer and more effective anti-obesity drugs. Lythrum salicaria, a traditional medicinal herb used for centuries, has been reported to improve lipid metabolism and fat accumulation. It also has a low toxicity profile. Therefore, its potential as a functional ingredient in health functional foods needs to be evaluated. Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial, 90 participants will be randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. Each subject will orally receive L. salicaria extract (1,350 mg/day) (500 mg L. salicaria+850 mg lactose as vehicle) or lactose (1,350 mg/day) as a hard capsule formula for 84 days (12 weeks). The primary outcome will be body fat mass (kg), which will be assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (performed only at visits 2 and 4). Secondary outcomes include body mass index, body weight, waist-to-hip ratio, body fat percentage (%) measured using DXA, lean body mass (kg) measured using DXA (assessed only at visits 2 and 4), lipids (total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol), free fatty acid, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, adiponectin, and leptin. Conclusions: This protocol will be implemented after approval of Institutional Review Board of Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital (approval number: PNUKHIRB-2022-08-002) and registration with the Korean National Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS) (CRIS-KCT0008060). The results of this trial will provide potential of L. salicaria as a new anti-obesity functional food with fat-reducing effects and low toxicity.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.525-547
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• 2021

이 연구는 생태복원을 하는 데 있어서 식물종을 사용하는 현황을 파악하는 것이 주된 목적이다. 이를 위해서 최근 6년간 수행된 생태계보전협력금 반환사업 58개소에 대한 식재 도면을 수집하여 분석하였다. 식재한 식물의 분석은 준공 및 설계도면을 이용하여 전체 선정 현황과 함께 성상별, 규격별, 식생 기후대별, 육상 및 습지의 서식처별, 자생식물과 재배식물로 구분하여 빈도분석을 하였다. 조사 및 분석 과정에서 식물 이름이 잘못된 경우가 많아서 이에 대한 분석도 함께 실시하였다. 58개 대상지에서 식재에 사용한 식물은 282 분류군이었으며, 교목류는 91종, 관목류는 69종, 만경목 11종, 초본류는 111종으로 나타났다. 전체적으로 가장 많이 사용한 식물종은 조팝나무, 팥배나무, 상수리나무, 잔디, 좀작살나무와 병꽃나무 순으로 나타났다. 교목 중에서는 팥배나무, 상수리나무, 이팝나무, 느티나무, 산수유 순이었으며, 관목류는 조팝나무, 병꽃나무, 좀작살나무, 산철쭉, 화살나무 순이었다. 초본류는 잔디, 구절초, 벌개미취, 물억새, 수크령 순이었다. 식생기후대별 분석에서는 온대중부산림대와 난대수림대 모두에서 조팝나무, 좀작살나무 순으로 많이 사용되었는데, 이러한 패턴은 기후대별 특성을 반영하지 못한 것으로 판단하였다. 서식처별 분석 결과, 습지에서는 물억새와 털부처꽃이 가장 많이 사용되었다. 특히 자생식물과 재배식물의 선정 비율이 76% 대 24%로 재배식물의 선정 비율도 높게 나타났다. 또한 도면에 적시된 식물명은 국가표준식물목록 및 국가생물종목록에 나타나지 않는 보통명을 많이 사용하고 있었는데, 앞으로 식물명에 대한 올바른 사용이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 앞으로 생태복원을 위한 식재 식물의 사용과 관련해서는 선정 식물의 다양화와 함께 기후대의 특성을 고려한 식물 선정, 생태복원에 사용하는 식물 규격을 낮추는 접근 방법이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 습지식물의 경우에는 생태적 특성을 충분히 이해한 접근이 중요했고, 자생식물 중심의 식물 선정을 위해 재배식물 사용 비율을 최소화하는 것들이 필요한 과제로 나타났다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2022

Objectives : This research was performed to analyze the components in the different parts of Lythrum salicaria L. and to compare which parts of L. salicaria L. are appropriate for food development. Methods : L. salicaria L. was extracted in 20% EtOH at 100 ℃ for 4 hours. Cytotoxicity was investigated in 3T3-L1 cells after treatment of 10-500 ㎍/ml L. salicaria L. for 24 hours. Total polyphenol content (TPC) was estimated using 1 N Folin-ciocateu reagent. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was estimated using DPPH reagent and gallic acid. The chemical composition was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 1) Results : The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) in the extracts of the whole plant, aerial parts, and root parts was 350 ㎍/ml, over 500 ㎍/ml, and 150 ㎍/ml, respectively. The TPC in the extracts of the whole plant, aerial parts, and root parts was 527.1 mg/g, 422.6 mg/g, and 781.1 mg/g, respectively. The averages of vitexin contents in the aerial parts, and root parts were 256.7 ± 154.9 ㎍/g and 266.1 ± 63.2 ㎍/g, respectively. The averages of TPC in the leaves, roots, flower stalks and stems were 224.0 ± 53.7 tannin acid (TA) mg/g, 221.8 ± 70.2 TA mg/g, 249.8 ± 34.4 TA mg/g, and 67.7±8.9 TA mg/g, respectively. The averages of DPPH radical scavenging activity in the leaves, roots, flower stalks, and stems were 282.01 ± 43.3 gallic acid equivalent (GAE) 𝜇mole/g, 260.16 ± 44.1 GAE 𝜇mole/g, 288.0 ± 9.3 GAE 𝜇mole/g, and 97.6 ± 10.7 GAE 𝜇mole/g, respectively. Conclusions : There were no significant differences in the content of components or antioxidant activity in the aerial parts compared to those in the whole plant of L. salicaria L. Furthermore, the root parts had low extract yield, cytotoxicity, and quality control problems, therefore our results suggest that the use of the aerial part of L. salicaria L. would be the most appropriate for food development.