• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.299-304
• /
• 2012

In this work, we experimented with the two-fluid fogging system that eco-friendly prevents whiteflies in greenhouses in order to find the optimal concentration of oleic acid supplied through the system and to evaluate the control value of three consecutive treatments. The first experiment, which was to find the optimal concentration of oleic acid, used "Dotaerang Gold" tomatoes grown in stand-alone plastic greenhouse at Buyeo Tomato Experiment Station. We tested three levels of concentration of oleic acid, which were 0, 2000, and 4000 ppm. The second experiment, which was to evaluate the control value of three consecutive treatments of oleic acid, used "Rokusanmaru" tomatoes grown in Venlo type glasshouse at Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research & Extension Services. In this experiment, oleic acid of 2000 ppm was applied three times with two days intervals. The number of whiteflies was counted 2 two days after the last application of oleic acid. Even when oleic acid was not being applied, the two-fluid fogging system was run from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm whenever the temperature is higher than $25^{\circ}C$ or the humidity is lower than 75%. In the first experiment, the control value was 81.6% with 2000 ppm of oleic acid and 93.6% with 4000 ppm. It means that the higher the concentration is, the greater the control value. In the second experiment, 2000 ppm treatment resulted in 85.8% of the control value, which is higher than the required standard for insecticides. Hence, spraying oleic acid with the concentration of 2000 ppm three times with two days intervals turned out to be a very effective in the eco-friendly prevention of whitefly.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.207-212
• /
• 2012

The objective of the present study is to identify the physico-chemical characteristics of used plug media (UPM) and its effect on growth response of tomato and cucumber seedlings. The UPM from commercial media Mix#5 (Sungro co., Ltd.) was used in this study. This media was sterilized by sterilizer at $120^{\circ}C$ in 30 minutes at 1.5 atm. Physicochemical properties of UPM was compared with new plug media (NPM). Physical properties such as air volume, particle density, solid volume, bulk density were investigated by three phase device (DIK-1130, Japan). And chemical characteristics such as $NO_3$-N, $P_2O_5$, K, Mg, Ca, $SiO_2$, CEC, OM were investigated by soil spectrophotometer (PTIZEN 1412SA, Mecasys Co., Ltd). The result indicates that air volume and water holding capacity of UPM are lower than NPM (25%, 15%, respectively). Bulk density and soil weight are more than two times higher than NPM per unit volume. Compared to NPM, there were no significant different for pH and EC. But CEC of UPM is lower than NPM 40%. In order to compare growth response and ability absorption of inorganic elements by plants, cucumber and tomato seedlings were used and chemical characteristics after growing of mediums were determined. The result indicated that seeding quality of tomato and cucumber in UPM is less than in NPM and almost inorganic ions of UPM are lower than NPM. So it is necessary to improve physicochemical properties of UPM.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.43 no.6 s.312
• /
• pp.28-35
• /
• 2006

Statistical models of shape variability based on active shape models (ASMs) have been successfully utilized to perform segmentation and recognition tasks in two-dimensional (2D) images. Three-dimensional (3D) model-based approaches are more promising than 2D approaches since they can bring in more realistic shape constraints for recognizing and delineating the object boundary. For 3D model-based approaches, however, building the 3D shape model from a training set of segmented instances of an object is a major challenge and currently it remains an open problem in building the 3D shape model, one essential step is to generate a point distribution model (PDM). Corresponding landmarks must be selected in all1 training shapes for generating PDM, and manual determination of landmark correspondences is very time-consuming, tedious, and error-prone. In this paper, we propose a novel automatic method for generating 3D statistical shape models. Given a set of training 3D shapes, we generate a 3D model by 1) building the mean shape fro]n the distance transform of the training shapes, 2) utilizing a tetrahedron method for automatically selecting landmarks on the mean shape, and 3) subsequently propagating these landmarks to each training shape via a distance labeling method. In this paper, we investigate the accuracy and compactness of the 3D model for the human liver built from 50 segmented individual CT data sets. The proposed method is very general without such assumptions and can be applied to other data sets.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.419-430
• /
• 2016

Powdery mildew disease caused by Podosphaera xanthii is a major concern for Cucumis melo production worldwide. Knowledge on genetic behavior of the related genes and their modulating phytohormones often offer the most efficient approach to develop resistance against different diseases. Mildew Resistance Locus O (MLO) genes encode proteins with seven transmembrane domains that have significant function in plant resistance to powdery mildew fungus. We collected 14 MLO genes from ‘Melonomics’ database. Multiple sequence analysis of MLO proteins revealed the existence of both evolutionary conserved cysteine and proline residues. Moreover, natural genetic variation in conserved amino acids and their replacement by other amino acids are also observed. Real-time quantitative PCR expression analysis was conducted for the leaf samples of P. xanthii infected and phyto-hormones (methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid) treated plants in melon ‘SCNU1154’ line. Upon P. xanthii infection using 7 different races, the melon line showed variable disease reactions with respect to spread of infection symptoms and disease severity. Three out of 14 CmMLO genes were up-regulated and 7 were down-regulated in leaf samples in response to all races. The up- or down-regulation of the other 4 CmMLO genes was race-specific. The expression of 14 CmMLO genes under methyl jasmonate and salicylic acid application was also variable. Eleven CmMLO genes were up-regulated under salicylic acid treatment, and 7 were up-regulated under methyl jasmonate treatments in C. melo L. Taken together, these stress-responsive CmMLO genes might be useful resources for the development of powdery mildew disease resistant C. melo L.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.911-922
• /
• 2015

This study was carried out to evaluate growth characteristics of Kimchi cabbage cultivated in various highland areas, and to create a predicting model for the production of highland Kimchi cabbage based on the growth parameters and climatic elements. Regression model for the estimation of head weight was designed with non-destructive measured growth variables (NDGV) such as leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW), head height (HH), head width (HW), and growing degree days (GDD), which was $y=6897.5-3.57{\times}GDD-136{\times}LW+116{\times}PH+155{\times}HH-423{\times}HW+0.28{\times}HH{\times}HW{\times}HW$, ($r^2=0.989$), and was improved by using compensation terms such as the ratio (LW estimated with GDD/measured LW ), leaf growth rate by soil moisture, and relative growth rate of leaf during drought period. In addition, we proposed Excel spreadsheet model for simulation of yield prediction of highland Kimchi cabbage. This Excel spreadsheet was composed four different sheets; growth data sheet measured at famer's field, daily average temperature data sheet for calculating GDD, soil moisture content data sheet for evaluating the soil water effect on leaf growth, and equation sheet for simulating the estimation of production. This Excel spreadsheet model can be practically used for predicting the production of highland Kimchi cabbage, which was calculated by (acreage of cultivation) ${\times}$ (number of plants) ${\times}$ (head weight estimated with growth variables and GDD) ${\times}$ (compensation terms derived relationship of GDD and growth by soil moisture) ${\times}$ (marketable head rate).

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.151-156
• /
• 2000

Field experiments were conducted to investigate the yield and paeoniflorin content between healthy peony and blight plot of top part with every year during 3 years at June, July, August, September, separately. Stem length and diameter, No. of stem in the blight plot of peony were decreased in early in blight time compared with those in no blight growth. No. of flower buds per plant was 5.2, 4.6 in 3 year- grown and 4year-grown plots at late June blight compared with 11.5, 16.2 in no blight. No. of axillary flower was also similar to as above. Main root length and root diameter was most decreased in the plot of late June blight compared with healthy peony. No. of root more than 10mm of root diameter was small in order of blight time, namely Late June, July, August and September. The root dry yield of 4 year healthy peony was most high in 1,603kg per 10a, but it was lowed in 1,007kg in the plot lasted blight during 3years at late June. Paeoniflorin content was no different between 3year-grown and 4year-grown, but it was high in late June blight plot increased with the early in blight time.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.106 no.3
• /
• pp.310-319
• /
• 2017

This study categorized the damaged trees by Supervised Classification using time-series-aerial photographs of Bukhan, Cheonggae and Suri mountains because oak wilt disease seemed to be concentrated in the metropolitan regions. In order to analyze the spatial characteristics of the damaged areas, the geographical characteristics such as elevation and slope were statistically analyzed to confirm their strong correlation. Based on the results from the statistical analysis of Moran's I, we have retrieved the following: (i) the value of Moran's I in Bukhan mountain is estimated to be 0.25, 0.32, and 0.24 in 2009, 2010 and 2012, respectively. (ii) the value of Moran's I in Cheonggye mountain estimated to be 0.26, 0.32 and 0.22 in 2010, 2012 and 2014, respectively and (iii) the value of Moran's I in Suri mountain estimated to be 0.42 and 0.42 in 2012 and 2014. respectively. These numbers suggest that the damaged trees are distributed in clusters. In addition, we conducted hotspot analysis to identify how the damaged tree clusters shift over time and we were able to verify that hotspots move in time series. According to our research outcome from the analysis of the entire hotspot areas (z-score>1.65), there were 80 percent probability of oak wilt disease occurring in the broadleaf or mixed-stand forests with elevation of 200~400 m and slope of 20~40 degrees. This result indicates that oak wilt disease hotspots can occur or shift into areas with the above geographical features or forest conditions. Therefore, this research outcome can be used as a basic resource when predicting the oak wilt disease spread-patterns, and it can also prevent disease and insect pest related harms to assist the policy makers to better implement the necessary solutions.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.398-410
• /
• 1982

Summer crops grown in uplands are greatly diversified and show a large variation in difference with year and location in Korea. The principal factor for the variation is weather, in which precipitation and temperature play a leading role and such a weather factors as wind, sun lights also influence production of the summer crops. Since artificial control of weather conditions as a main stress factor for crop production is almost impossible, it must be minimized only by an improvement of cultivation techniques and crop improvement. Precipitation plays a role as one of the most important factor for production of the summer crops and it is considered in two aspects, drought and excess moisture. This country, which belongs to monsoon territory, necessarily encounter one of this stress almost every year, even though the level is different. Therefore, the facilities for both drought and excess moisture are required, but actually it is not easy to complete for them. On this account, crops tolerant to drought, excess moisture and pests should be considered for establishing summer crops. For the districts damaged habitually every season, adequate crops should be cultured and appropriate method of planting, drainage and weed control should be applied diversely. Injuries by temperature is mainly attributed to lower temperature particularly in late fall and early spring, although higher temperature often causes some damages depending upon the kind of crops. Sometimes, lower temperature in summer season playa critical role for yield reduction in the summer crops. However, certain crops are prevented to some extent from this kind of stress by improving varieties tolerant to cold, hot weather or early maturing varieties. As is often the case, control of planting time or harvesting is able to be a good management for escaping the stress. Lodging, plant diseases and pests are considered as a direct or indirect damage due to weather stress, but these are characters able to be overcome by means of crop improvement and also controlled by other suitable methods. In addition, polytical supports capable of improving constitution of agriculture into modern industry is urgently required by programming of data for the damages, establishment of damage forecasting and compensation system.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.51 no.5
• /
• pp.408-419
• /
• 2006

A pot experiment was conducted for two years to evaluate the effects of purified Si fertilization combined with $^{15}N$ on the nutrient uptake, plant growth characteristics, and photosynthetic characteristics of rice in water melon cultivated soil. In 2002, plant height was positively affected at 25 DAT (Day After Transplanting) by Si fertilization in 100%N treatment. However, in 2003, plant height at 25 DAT was negatively affected by Si fertilization in low N level but it was reversed in high N level with initial increase of plant height. Tiller number per pot was positively affected by N and Si fertilization level, especially for high N fertilized treatment. Leaf color was positively affected by Si fertilizatlon in no N fertilized pots, however, Si was not effected in 50%N and 100%N fertilized treatments. N harvest index (NHI) increased with increased Si fertilization in no N plots, however it decreased with increasing of N fertilization level. Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) decreased with increasing of fertilized N but Si fertilization increased NUE in 50%N plots, however, it was not different by the Si fertilization level in 100%N plots. In 50%N+200%Si plots, NUE was greatest with 130 and shoot N content was $16.2g-N/m^{2}$. N content ($g/m^{2}$) in rice plant increased with increasing Si fertilization in no N plots at panicle initiation stage, 50 and 100%N plots at heading stage and all N treatment at harvesting time. This was mostly more efficient in late growth stage than early growth stage. The concentration (%) of P and K increased with increasing N fertilization level at heading and harvesting but it was not significantly different by the Si fertilization treatment except a little decreasing with increasing Si fertilization level at heading. Potassium content was also not significantly related with N fertilization level except increasing with Si fertilization level at panicle initiation stage. Plant Ca content (%) decreased with increasing of Si fertilization at heading stage and Si fertilization increased Ca content at panicle initiation stage and heading stage and it increased with increasing of Si fertilization level. Photosynthetic activity was not directly related with Si fertilization amount, however, Fluorescent factors, Fv'/Fm' and PsII, were positively affected by Si fertilization level. In conclusion, N fertilization in Si 200% fertilized condition should be reduced by about 50% level of recommended N fertilization for rice cropping in green-house water-melon cultivated paddy field. However, improvement of Ps by Si fertilization could not be attributed to Ps activity in the same leaf area but because of increased total leaf area per pot improved fluorescent characteristics.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.366-370
• /
• 2013

This experiment was carried out to establish the screening methods for the selection of Zantedeschia aethiopica cultivars resistant to calla lily soft rot caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. A center of leaf and petiole tissues of four Z. aethiopica cultivars were wounded and inoculated with three different inoculum concentrations, $1{\times}10^7cfu/mL$, $1{\times}10^8cfu/mL$, and $1{\times}10^9cfu/mL$, of EccNHRI-21 isolate. And they were evaluated at 4, 18, and 26 hours after inoculation. The lesion of maceration was developed well in the leaf tissues inoculated with $1{\times}10^9cfu/mL$ concentration. And evaluation of resistance in 18 hours after inoculation was correlated with field resistance positively. Using this method, ten Z. aethiopica commercial cultivars and four wild types were screened. 'Crowbrough' and 'White Cutie' were selected as highly resistant genotypes and 'Mont Blanc' and 'Silky White' as resistant genotypes. 'Wedding March' and 'Kiwi Blush' were evaluated as moderate resistant and the others including 'Childsiana' were susceptible. And all of four wild types were evaluated as more than moderate resistant. In spite of control through cultural, biological and chemical methods, the use of resistant cultivars is most efficient to overcome calla lily soft rot. This newly developed screening method was helpful for breeding new varieties resistant to calla lily soft rot.