• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.63
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• pp.255-281
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationship among self-directed learning ability, learner-instructor interaction, learner-learner interaction, and class satisfaction in online learning environments by the structural equation modelling (SEM). Participants of the study consisted of 300 students (110 = high school students, 190 = college students). Through latent mean analysis (LMA), there was no significant difference of study variables between high school and college groups. However, thorough multi-group analysis, self-directed learning ability had a direct and indirect effect on class satisfaction for the college group via learner-instructor and learner-learner interactions, while learner-learner interaction played a full mediating role of the relationship between self-directed learning ability and class satisfaction for the high school group. In addition, self-directed learning ability had a stronger influence on learner-learner interaction for the college group than the high school group. These results would provide important implications for understanding the different mechanisms between high school and college online learning contexts.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.6576-6586
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• 2014

This study examined the effects of the mothers' sense of humor, ego-resilience on the maternal behavior. 187 mothers of 24~36 month old children completed the questionnaires. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics, Pearson's co-relation and hierarchical regression analysis were used. The results were as follows. First, concerning the mothers' personal variables, the mean of the sense of humor, ego-resilience, and maternal behavior were relatively high. Second, the mothers' sense of humor and its sub-scales, except as a copying strategy, and ego-resilience had a positive co-relation with the maternal behavior and its sub-scales. Lastly, the mothers' sense of humor and its sub-scales, and ego-resilience were significant variables to influence the maternal behavior. As stated above, the ways were discussed to improve the mothers' sense of humor and ego-resilience.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.1069-1082
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• 2014

The study aims to gain information for developing educational contents to support LPSMB(low-performing students with multicultural backgrounds) through the survey on their personal characteristics, attitudes related to learning, and learning environment. We analyzed a survey of 2,091 students from 200 schools who were low-performing Korean students, LPSMBs, and normally performing students with multicultural backgrounds. Normally performing students with multicultural backgrounds showed statistically significant higher scores on most questionnaires than low-performing Korean students and LPSMBs. However, normally performing students with multicultural backgrounds and LPSMs showed statistically significant lower scores on identity and social relationships. LPSMBs showed lower scores on parents' culture than normally performing students with multicultural backgrounds. We suggested how to support LPSMBs' learning and learning environment based on the survey results.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.115-115
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• 2018

매실나무(Prunus mume)의 풋과일인 매실은 피로회복, 소화촉진, 살균 및 항균작용 등 다양한 생리활성을 갖고 있다. 본 연구는 국내 수집 매실 유전자원 172점의 핵심 기능성 물질인 유기산의 함량 특성을 평가하고자 2017년과 2018년 2년간 청매실을 수확하여 옥살산(OA), 사과산(MA), 구연산(CA)의 함량을 HPLC를 이용하여 분석하고 그 연차 변이를 평가하였다. 전체 유전자원 매실의 2년간 총유기산(TA) 함량은 평균 5.5% (최소 3.9%-최대 7.8%)이었으며, MA와 CA 및 OA의 평균 함량은 각각 2.7%, 2.8%, 0.1%였다. 대상 자원 내 유기산별 함량 변이는 CA (RSD=30%)가 MA (RSD=21%)보다 높게 나타났다. 2018년산 매실은 2017년산에 비교할 때 MA와 OA는 함량이 낮아 연차 변이가 인정되었으나 CA는 차이가 없었다. 비록 연차 변이는 있었으나 유전자원별 함량은 MA와 CA 및 TA에서 모두 2017년산과 2018년산간 정의 상관이 인정되어 유기산 함량이 높고 낮은 자원의 특성은 유지됨을 알 수 있었다. 대상 유전자원 중 TA함량이 가장 높았던 자원은 구산매, 용흥흥매, 상금백옥매 등이었으며, 함량이 낮은 자원은 한산매, 지곡매 등이었다. 상기 결과를 통해 매실 유기산 함량관련 국내 매실 유전자원의 유전적 다양성과 연차 변이의 영향을 평가할 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Health Care and Life Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.41-49
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between play experience, playfulness, and grit of pre-service early childhood teachers and to find out the factors that affect grit. For these, a survey was conducted using Google questionnaire targeting a total of 164 students in the 2nd and 3rd year of early childhood education department of colleges in Seoul, Chungnam and Jeonbuk. The results are as follows. First, as a result of analyzing general characteristics and differences by grade of variable General characteristics and differences by grade of variable, it was found that the pre-service teachers' playfulness was slightly higher than the average, and the grit was at the average level. Second, there were some significant correlations between play experience, playfulness, and grit. Third, for grit, it was found that play experience had an explanatory power of about 10% and playfulness about 30%. Based on the above research results, suggestions for grit enhancement programs for pre-service early childhood teachers and follow-up studies were presented.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.959-968
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• 2016

In this study, the Delphi Method was conducted to extract variables as effects of integrated education. Forty-six experts engaged in both the integrated education and research fields participated in this study. The Delphi survey was conducted for three rounds. In the first round, an open questionnaire was given asking variables possibly considered as effects of integrated education. In the second round, variables induced from analysis of the first survey results were given and the degree of agreement for each variable was determined according to the Likert scale. In the third round of the survey, mean, standard deviation, and the first and third quartile calculated using the results of the second survey were given to experts to determine their degree of assent. In addition, categories for variables were suggested. The degree of agreement for appropriateness of categorization and relative importance were determined As a result, a total of 18 variables were chosen except for career awareness. They were categorized according to their definition and properties into five categories: 'creativity' (flexible thinking, associative thinking, intuitive thinking, creative thinking), 'problem solving' (meta-cognition, problem recognition and solving, critical thinking, decision making ability, ability of knowledge application, knowledge and information processing skills), 'integrative perception and sensitivity' (concern and interest in various disciplines, understanding and acceptance of difference, integrative thinking), 'interpersonal relations' (communication skills, cooperation), and 'disciplinary literacy' (humanistic imagination, basic knowledge and literacy of each discipline, academic motivation). The degree of agreement was high in variables included in 'creativity' and 'problem solving' categories and the frequency of choosing the importance was high in variables included in 'integrative perception and sensitivity'. The educational implication related to implementation and practice of integrated education were discussed on the basis of results.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.127-146
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• 2008

Over the past four decades reproductive behavior has changed slowly in much of the African countries. The average total fertility rate has fallen from six or more to near five today. Between 1960 and 2000 the largest fertility decline occurred in such Northern African countries as Algeria, Libya, and Morocco. The mortality rate has decreased in most African countries. The purpose of this study is to review the pattern of demographic transition in African countries. At first, this study focuses on the fertility transition. In Africa, the total fertility rate has decreased from 6.59 to 4.85 between 1960 and 2000. The mortality rate has also decreased in most of African countries. It is also interesting to find that there is a clear difference among African countries. In terms of infant mortality rate, Libya shows the lowest rate(17), while Mali and Somalia remain still high rate(142 and 133, respectively). This study tests a path model in which infant mortality rate acts as an intermediate variable between three socioeconomic variables and the fertility rate. The findings of this paper substantiate some of our hypotheses on the interrelationships among socioeconomic variables, infant mortality rate, and fertility rate. The result also shows the indirect effects of socioeconomic variables on fertility rate via infant mortality.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.171-190
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• 1993

포아송분포로부터 부의 이항분포로의 이탈을 검색하는 통계량들이 자료의 형태에 따라 여러가지 제시되었다. 그런데 대립가설인 부의 이항분포의 모수화 방법에 따라 분산과 평균의 구조가 변하고 국소 최적 검정 통계량도 달라진다는 것이 알려졌다. 본 논문에서는 대립가설을 일반적인 포아송 혼합분포로까지 확장시키고, 일반적인 형태의 분산과 평균의 구조에도 검정 가능한 새로운 통계량 L을 소개하고 있다. 또한 L 통계량은 포아송 분포로부터 부의 이항분포로의 이탈을 다루는 기존의 여러 통계량들의 일반화된 형태임을 보였다. 점근적 상대효율과 모의 실험을 통하여 L 통계량과 기존의 통계량들을 비교한 결과 분산과 평균사이의 구조에 상관없이 L 통계량이 우수한 것임을 입증하였다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.599-603
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• 1984

Field equations describing the effective behavior of general heterogeneous media are derived from the integral balance relations through the methods of distribution and convolution.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.545-555
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• 1993

뱀장어속(Anguilla)의 뱀장어(A. ioponica)와 무태장어(A. marmoruta) 및 꾀붕장어(Anago anogo)의 유전적 특징과 종간 유연관계를 밝히기 위하여 isozyme 분석과 mtDNA 분석을 실시하였다. Isozyme 분석결과 20개의 효소 및 비효소단백질에서 총 39개의 유전자를 검출하였고 각종 특유의 genetic marker를 확인하였다. 3종의 평균 유전적 변이는 뱀장어가 HD=0.057. HG=0.065, 무태장어는 HD=0.067 HG=0.053, 체불장어가 HD=0.018. HG=0.020으로 각각 나타났다. 뱀장어와 무태장어의 평균 종간유전적 근인관계는 S=0.420 (D=0.869)로 멀게 나타났다. 6 base를 인지하는 10종류의 제한효소를 처리한 결과 mtDNA 절편양상은 각 종내에서 동일하게 나타났으나 각종간에 차이를 보였고, 종간 평균염기 치 환율은 뱀장어와 무태장어가 p=3.4%, 뱀장어속 2종과 꾀붕장어는 p=9.6%로 나타났다.