• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.221-228
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• 2018

Since the discovery that Mycobacterium aviumsubsp. paratuberculosis (Map) is the causative agent of Johne's disease (JD) in cattle at the end of the nineteenth century, movement of livestock latently infected with Map has led to the spread of JD throughout the world. A new form of enteritis with clinical features of JD in cattle appeared in humans concurrent with the appearance of Map as a disease problem in livestock. The demonstration that Map is a zoonotic pathogen and the causative agent of the new form of enteritis in humans, however, wasn't recognized until late in the twentieth century when methods were developed to detect the presence Map in tissues from patients with the new form of clinical enteritis. The objective of this short review is to provide a brief history explaining how Map has become a major disease problem in livestock and humans and then provide a review of the progress that has been made in treating patients with an enteritis caused by Map and the strategies underway to develop a vaccine to control infection in livestock.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.301-310
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• 2005

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of mammals and has a great potential for causing severe economic loss in susceptible cloven-hoofed animals, such as cattle, pigs, sheep, goats and buffalo. FMDV, a member of the Aphthovirus genus in the Picornaviridae family, is a non-enveloped icosahedral virus that contains a positive sense RNA of about 8.2 kb in size. The genome carries one open reading frame consisting of 3 regions: capsid protein coding region P1, replication related protein coding region P2, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase coding region P3. FMDV infects pharynx epithelial cell in the respiratory tract and viral replication is active in lung epithelial cell. Morbidity is extremely high. A FMD outbreak in Korea in 2002 caused severe economic loss. Although intense research is undergoing to develop appropriate drugs to treat FMDV infection, there is no specific therapeutic for controlling FMDV infection. Moreover, there is an increasing demand for the development of vaccine strategies against FMDV infection in many countries. In this report, more effective prevention strategies against FMDV infection were reviewed.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.149-170
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• 1999

Protozoa of the genus Eimeria are the etiologic agents of avian coccidiosis, the most economically important Parasitic disease for the poultry industry. Coccidia multiply in intestinal epithelial cells of a wide range of hosts, including livestock in addition to poultry. Chemotherapy is extensively used to control coccidiosis. However, development of drug resistance by Eimeria parasites, the intensive cost and labor involved in the identification of new anticoccidial compounds and public awareness of drug residues in foods warrant alternative methods to prevent coccidiocic in the fast growing poultry industry. For these reasons, there is a great interest in developing vaccines against avian coccidiosis. Live Eimeria vaccines confer protective immunity, however a significant disadvantage of using these types of vaccines is their pathogenicity. Live parasites with attenuated pathogenicity also usually produce immunity but may revert back to a pathogenic form and may be contaminated with other pathogenic organisms. Killed Eimeria vaccines are safer but, unlike live attenuated vaccines, are not able to generate cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses. Recombinant vaccines are biochemically purified proteins produced by genetic engineering that consist of particular epitopes or metabolites of Eimeria. Unlike live attenuated organisms, recombinant vaccines do not possess as much risk and generally are able to induce both humoral and cell mediated immunity. DNA vaccines consist of genes encoding immunogenic proteins of pathogens that are directly administered into the host in a manner that the gene is expressed and the resulting protein generates a protective immune response. Although all of these different types of vaccines have been applied to coccidiosis, this disease continues to cause substantial morbidity and mortality in the poultry industry. Future development of an effective vaccine against coccidiosis will depend on further investigation of protective immunity to Eimeria infection and identification of important immundgenic parasite molecules.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.8C no.6
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• pp.741-756
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• 2001

With the development of computer systems, there has been a sharp increase in the threats on these systems including attacks by malicious programs such as virus, vandal, etc. Currently virus vaccines are widely used to thwart these threats, but they have many weaknesses. They cannot guard against unknown threats and sometimes, they also cannot detect the existence of malicious programs before these malicious programs make any destructive results. For lack of an efficient security model, the existing security programs have the problem that they raise many false-positive alarms in spite of normal action. So it becomes very important to develop the improved security program that can make up for the weakness of the existing computer security program and can detect many threats of malicious programs as early as possible. In this paper we describe the design of an improved security model and the implementation of a security program that can filter and handle the threats on computer systems at the kernel level in real time.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.101-107
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• 2022

Tertomotide is a peptide vaccine developed for anti-cancer therapy. Since it has been found to ameliorate inflammatory symptoms in animal studies and clinical test, we investigated anti-inflammation activity of the tertomotide and the mechanism of action in monocyte in order to assess if tertomotide may serve as an anti-inflammatory agent by checking inflammatory cytokines and related signaling pathway following tertomotide treatment. We found that tertomotide reduced the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8 in LPS- or PMA-stimulated monocyte cell line and suppressed NF-κB signaling including the activation of ERK1/2 and P38 MAPK following TNF-α treatment. These results may correlate to the beneficial findings in animal studies, implicating that tertomotide may act as a potential anti-inflammatory agent. This study is an exemplary case for convergence that a computationally designed peptide for immunological purpose exerting unexpected biological activity may elicit novel anti-inflammatory drug.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.304-310
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• 2024

Ricin is a highly toxic protein which is produced in the seeds of the castor oil plant. Ricin toxin A chain has ribosomal RNA N-glycosylase activity that irreversibly hydrolyses the N-glycosidic bond of the adenine residue at position 4324 within the 28S rRNA. In this study, we developed non-toxic recombinant ricin vaccine(R51) in E. coli expression system, and evaluated efficacy of the R51 according to adjuvants. When the R51 was administered using aluminum hydroxide as an adjuvant, the vaccine efficacy was higher than that of TLR agonists or aluminum phosphate. Because it is time-consuming to administer the vaccine three times at three-week intervals, we investigated the survival rate and antibody titer of mice according to the change of time interval of vaccination. Interestingly, there was no difference in survival rate and antibody titer when R51 was administered at 0, 1, and 3 weeks or 0, 2, and 4 weeks compared to when administered at 0, 3, and 6 weeks. Therefore, the developed R51 vaccine is promising to protect soldiers from Ricin attack.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.121-137
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• 2007

Several security systems(firewall, intrusion detection system, vaccine for malicious codes and so on), whose purposes are to prevent the external information security threat, have gathered more technological concerns. However, they are little effective for the area of defending the internal information security threat which occurs more frequently and results in much more monetary damages. In this paper, a system for internal surveillance and control on the use of information systems is suggested and described with its architecture, features, necessary functions and development methods. And a case system is introduced to show the reality of this paper.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.2731-2738
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• 2015

The importance of disaster observation facilities and system are increasing around the world in order to predict and prevent water disasters, which cause serious damage to life and property. A performance test center was built to stabilize performance, compatibility, and reliability of devices, and to verify new S/W. The aim of this study is to make a guideline to build standard verifying system for hydrological observation devices by building the performance test center. In addition, efficiency of management and operation of hydrological devices can be enhanced through device analysis, maintenance, database building, and grade certificate publishment after the device test.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2010

As the causative agent of Anthrax, Bacillus anthracis causes an acute fatal disease in herbivores such as cattle, sheep, and horses as well as humans. The therapeutics and prevention of anthrax currently available are based on antibiotics and the live attenuated vaccine strains, which may be problematic due to the emergency of antibiotic resistant strains or residual virulence in those vaccine strains. Therefore, it has been required to develop novel therapeutics and vaccines which are safer and applicable to humans. Recently, the development of the multivalent vaccine targeting both spores and vegetative cells of B. anthracis along with anthrax toxin has been reported. In our attempts to screen potential candidates for those multivalent vaccines, the whole genomic expression library of B. anthracis was constructed in this study. To the end, the partial digests of the genomic DNA from B. anthracis (ATCC 14578) with Sau3AI were ligated with the inducible pET30abc expression vectors, resulting in approximately $1{\times}10^5$ clones in E. coli BL21(DE3). The redundancy test by DNA nucleotide sequencing was performed for the randomly selected 111 clones and found 56 (50.5%) B. anthracis genes, 17 (15.3%) vector sequences, and 38 (34.2%) unknown genes with no sequence homology by BLAST. An inducible expression of the recombinant proteins was confirmed by Western blot. Interestingly, some clones could react with the antiserum against B. anthracis. These results imply that the whole genomic library constructed in this study can be applied for analyzing the immunomes of B. anthracis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.419-422
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• 2007

유전자 변이가 쉽게 일어나는 바이러스 등은 변이 계통에 따라 집단을 형성하게 된다. 이러한 집단들에 대한 분석은 해당 바이러스 집단에 대한 추적, 백신 및 치료약 개발에서 필수적이다. 어떤 집단의 염기 서열의 특성을 효과적으로 표현하는 패턴을 시그너쳐라 하며, 이러한 시그너쳐는 특정 염기서열 집단의 고유한 특성을 나타내면서 다른 집단과 구별되는 정보를 포함하는 것이 바람직하다. 이 논문에서는 가능한 후보 시그너쳐들을 염기분포를 이용하여 생성해가면서, 시그너쳐 해당부위의 염기를 상대 서열집단의 공통 서열의 염기로 변환하여 집단간의 상대거리를 측정함으로써, 후보 시그너쳐에 의한 집단의 고유성질 표현능력과 집단간 차별화 능력을 고려하여 시그너쳐를 추출하는 방법을 제안한다.