• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.321-326
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• 2004

Many researchers have been studied texturing the 3D face model with front and side pictures of ordinary person. It is very important to exactly detect the psition of eyes, nose, mouth of a human from the side pictures. Previous results first found the position of eye, nose, or mouth and then extract the other face components using their positional correlation. The detection results greatly depend on the correct extraction of the neck from the images. Therefore, we present a new algorithm that remove the neck completely and thus improve the detection rates of face components. To do this, we will use the RGB values and its differences.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.373-377
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• 1995

Four Bacillus thuringiensis isolates obtained from soil samples in Korea produce parasporal inclusions non-toxic to 10 insect species of three orders, Lepidopera, Diptera and Coleoptera. These four isolates are named NTB-1, NTB-2, NTB-3 and NTB-4, respectively. The morphology of parasporal inclusions of four isolates observed by phase contrast- and scanning electron microscope was all ovoid. Characterization of four non-toxic B. thuringiensis isolates was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and restriction endonuclease analysis. The results showed that parasporal inclusion proteins and total plasmid DNA profiles of four isolates are different from other known non-toxic B. thuringiensis strains', suggesting that four isolates are novel.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.401-408
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of online communication courses using role-play and group activities on the communication competence, self-efficacy and relationship competence of nursing students. The research design was a one-group pretest-posttest quasi-experimental study, and a total of 13 communication classes for 100 minutes each were conducted for first-year nursing students from September to December 2020. Communication competence, self-efficacy, and relationship competence of nursing students had improved significantly after online classes. According to the results of this study, it was possible to confirm the effects of classes in communication subjects applying various teaching methods to nursing students through online education platforms.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.2
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• pp.179-188
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• 2020

Weeding refers to the process of removing weeds around crop trees, which cause competition in nutrients, moisture, and light, and has a great effect on the early growth and survival of crop trees for establishing forest resources. This study was conducted to find out the timing and method of weeding that is the most suitable for the major afforestation species in national forests. We investigated (1) weeding time and frequency for each afforestation species and (2) the height of crop trees and the length of weeds. Up to 99% weeding operation was carried out until 5 years following afforestation. Pinus densiflora, Larix kaempferi, Chamaecyparis obtusa, Prunus sargentii, and Betula platyphylla plantations accounted for more than 70% of the total weeding sites. Once-a-year weeding process was conducted from late June to late July (67%), and twice-a-year weeding process was the highest in June-August by 31%. Most species were shorter than the weeds until the first and second year of planting, but the height of the crop trees was higher than that of the weeds by 48% in average from the third year. Therefore, from the third year of afforestation, except for some species, it is possible to reduce the cost of weeding operations while reducing nutrient competition by the weeds through the removal of weed sprouts, mainly woody weeds, rather than clear cutting. This study contributes to efficiently develop forest resource establishment while reducing operational costs through a detailed weeding schedule and species-specific method.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2010

Program learning outcome is widely used for assessing and improving program quality. There are various methodologies that can measure program quality and improve program learning outcomes. In this paper, we used formative approach in Capstone design course, since it is the most effective in terms of improving program learning outcomes due to the course's intrinsic nature. To integrate a formative approach into Capstone design course, we develop a feedback structure which is a key element in formative approach and define several sub phases that manage feedback structures and their own evaluation criteria. As a result, we observed a noticeable improvement for students performance in capstone design course.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1022-1031
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• 2002

This paper presents efficient models for bridge structures using CART-ANFIS (classification and regression tree-adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system). A fuzzy decision tree partitions the input space of a data set into mutually exclusive regions, each region is assigned a label, a value, or an action to characterize its data points. Fuzzy decision trees used for classification problems are often called fuzzy classification trees, and each terminal node contains a label that indicates the predicted class of a given feature vector. In the same vein, decision trees used for regression problems are often called fuzzy regression trees, and the terminal node labels may be constants or equations that specify the predicted output value of a given input vector. Note that CART can select relevant inputs and do tree partitioning of the input space, while ANFIS refines the regression and makes it continuous and smooth everywhere. Thus it can be seen that CART and ANFIS are complementary and their combination constitutes a solid approach to fuzzy modeling.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.145-162
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• 2020

This study examines problems with using the conventional analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and proposes a method of weight adjustment as a modification of AHP. AHP is a method for transforming complex decision problems into a hierarchal structure, which is composed of elements in the upper and lower levels and then using pairwise comparisons to evaluate these elements and subsequently to obtain their relative weights. The elements' relative importance is reliable if the elements in the lower hierarchical levels (sub factors) that comprise each element in the upper hierarchical level (primary factor) are equal in number. In other words, if the number of sub factors is different for each primary factor, a serious error is expected as a result. Therefore, this study proposes a modification of AHP that can avoid such an error when AHP is used. Specifically, an error that arises from different number of sub factors (matrix size) can be overcome by making the number of sub factors identical for each primary factor. The resulting model has been validated through the applications in different AHP hierarchical structures.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.1
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• pp.25-34
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• 2018

This study was performed to discover the comparison of the understory species composition and the growth velocity of the regeneration seedlings in Pinus densiflora forests being managed by the seed-tree method from 2008 year. The investigation site located in Bonghwa, Gyeongsangbuk-do province was established by eighteen quadrats such as six control ones, six slope ones and 6 concave ones, in which we carried out the vegetation survey and measured annual height growth of each seedlings. As a result of vegetation analysis, the understory vegetation of the seed-tree forest area was mainly composed of shrub plants such as Lespedeza bicolor, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Securinega suffruticosa, Lespedeza maximowiczii and Stephanandra incisa, herb plants such as Miscanthus sinensis var. purpurascens, Carex humilis var. nana, Spodiopogon sibiricus and Artemisia keiskeana, and vine plants such as Pueraria lobata, Smilax sieboldii, Dioscorea batatas, Actinidia arguta, Vitis amurensis and Rubus crataegifolius. Especially, the vine plants were relatively more imported to the concave site than the control site and the slope site. As a result of measurement of growth velocity, the seedlings of the Pinus densiflora appeared to be 3,175 trees/ha for the non-suppressed trees and 7,842 trees/ha for the suppressed trees. In cases of the concave site, individuals of seedlings were much lower than those on the slope site, probably due to the competition effects of vine plants. Consideringly, silvicultural practices for clearing the vine plants should be inevitably accompanied. Also, the growth velocity of the suppressed and non-suppressed trees has been constantly increasing, those of the non-suppressed trees much higher than the suppressed trees. This represents that the seedlings grow rapidly after the suppressed period with competition to the surrounding plants. Therefore, specific practices such as blush control and vine clear should be carried out at the beginning stage of regeneration in the seed-tree stand.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.111-129
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• 2012

Terrestrial insect fauna was surveyed in the Junam wetland area, which consists of the Junam, Dongpan, and Sannam wetlands, by visual counting and pictures. A sweep net collection was conducted from May to October 2010. A neighburing artificial lotus wetland was also surveyed for comparison. A total of 5,730 insects were surveyed, representing 268 species in 85 families and 12 orders. Sixty-three species of coleopterans were surveyed, followed by 60 species of Lepidoptera, and 37 species of Hemiptera. Coleopteran individuals were 25.9% of the total insect numbers surveyed, comprising most abundant group. This was followed by Odonata, Lepidoptera, and Orthoptera at 22.3%, 15.4%, and 12.7%, respectively. In total, 197 species were surveyed in the Dongpan wetland, 175 in the Junam wetland, and 154 species in the Sannam wetlands. However, only 86 species were surveyed in the artificial lotus wetland. Galerucella nipponensis in Coleoptera, Crocothemis servilia mariannae in Odonata, and Polygonia c-aureum in Lepidoptera were the most abundant in all four wetlands. Community analyses showed that the dominance index was highest in the artificial lotus wetland at 0.25 and lowest in Junam wetland at 0.08. Diversity indices were relatively high in all wetlands at 4.48, 4.44, 4.28, and 3.87 in Junam, Dongpan, Sannam, and the artificial lotus wetland, respectively. The insect fauna similarity index was highest in the Junam and Dongpan wetlands at 0.96. The lotus wetland showed the lowest similarity of the three wetlands with values of 0.45-0.53.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.28-33
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• 1995

본 논문에서는 조합변형이 각각의 모드에 따라 매우 다양하게 달라질 수 있으며 각 모드의 역학적 거동에 따라 제어기의 최적 위치가 달라지는 것을 보였으며 이러한 최적의 위치를 효과적으로 파악할 수 있는 각 모드의 기하학적인 중심에 대하여 기술하였다.