• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.113-122
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• 2006

Although a number of static pile load tests have been performed in this country, re-consideration on the interpretation and loading method is needed, because of their less usefulness in practice. For this study, a static loading testing was performed for a long instrumented PHC pile, which was installed in sand layer overlying thick soft clay. The shaft resistance of the pile had been monitored for a long time after installation, and then the static load testing was performed by the quick load test, unlike the recent Korean practice. Using the measured data, the elastic modulus of pile, residual stress and true resistance on the pile were determined. In the event, it was found that the residual stress on the pile, which remained prior to the static loading, significantly affects the shaft and toe resistances. Also, it was realized that the setup effect for the long pile is significant.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.145-154
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• 1997

Though the static pile load tests gives the mosts accurate estimation on the load carrying capacity of tested pile, it appears time-consuming and not economical. Many test methods using equipments, such as Pile Driving Analyzer(PDA), STATNAMIC, and Osterberg cell, have been introduced in Korea, and pile best using PDA has been gaining popularity because of iris fast and simple operation. Static and dynamic tests results on the piles installed in the granular coils were analyzed to investigate the effect of geometrical damping on the estimated load carrying capacity. It was found that the CAPWAP analysis without considering geometrical damping effect underestimates the pile capacity by 30~60% under certain conditions. It was observed that the underestimation of pile capacity by CAPWAP occurs on the piles installed in the water-borne granular boils by SIP methods. When Smith skin damping value(SSkn) greater than 1.0 sec/m is obtained in CAPWAP analysis, it may reflect the large possibility of underestimation of pile capacity. The introduction of the geometircal damping option in CAPWAP analysis gives reasonable pile capacity, compared with the static pile load test results, and reduces the SSb value under 0.7 sec/m.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.61-75
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• 2007

Deep foundations have been popularly installed in hard stratum such as gravels or rocks in Korea. However, it is necessary to consider sand or sandy gravel layers that locate at the mid-depths as the bearing stratum of piles in the thick Nakdong River deltaic deposits, as done in the Chaophraya (Bangkok) and Mississippi River deltas. This study was focused on the finding of suitable methods for estimating bearing capacity when driving prestressed high-strength concrete (PHC) piles to a required depth in the deltaic area. Ground investigation was performed at five locations of two sites in the deltaic area. Bearing capacity of the driven piles has been computed using a number of proposed methods such as CPT-based and other analytical methods, based on the ground investigation and comparison one another other. Five PDA (pile driving analyzer) tests were systematically carried out at the whole depths of embedded piles, which is a well-blown useful technique for the purposes. As the results, the bearing capacities calculated by various methods were compared with the PDA and static load testing results. It was found that the shaft resistance is significantly governed by set-up effects and then the long-term value agrees well with that of the $\beta$ method. Also, the design methods for toe resistance were determined based on the SLT result, rather than PDA results that led to underestimation. Moreover, using the CPT results, appropriate methods were proposed for calculating the bearing capacity of the piles in the area.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.21-29
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• 2010

In this study, a new noise & vibration-free screw concrete pile method that was expected environmentally friendly method was introduced, also the numerical analyses of a conventional PHC pile and a new screw concrete pile were done. As a result, the bearing capacity behavior and the settlement behavior of 2 kinds of concrete pile were analyzed and compared.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.5-11
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• 2007

Among soft ground improvement methods by using granular material, the sand compaction pile method has been widely utilized in Korea, but, as a result of shortage and increase of unit price of sand, a necessity of an alternative method has been required. In this study, a series of in-situ static load tests for crushed-stone compaction piles were performed. Pile diameter was fixed to 700mm and areas of loading plates were changed. The static load tests were performed for area replacement ratios of 20, 30 and 40% respectively. Based on the test results, bearing capacity of single crushed-stone compaction pile was estimated. It showed that the settlement decreases as the replacement ratio increases. Also, a yielding capacity equation of the crushed-stone compaction pile considering replacement ratio was suggested.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.775-778
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• 2008

기초의 지지방식 중 깊은 기초로 분류되는 말뚝기초는 일반적으로 고강도의 기성강관(Spiral Steel Pipe)을 재료로 한 말뚝을 사용하는 것이 설계 및 시공측면에서 유리하나, 현재 국내 외의 치솟는 건설원자재 비용 및 고유가에 따른 장거리 운반비용의 증가와 더불어 건설현장에서의 경제적 부담이 상당부분 증가되고 있는 실정이다. 특히, 개발후진국을 비롯한 건설 산업의 국제적 진출에 대한 활기와 더불어 해외현장 변동상황(원자재의 수급 문제에 따른 공기지연 및 경제성) 등을 고려하면 이에 대한 능동적인 대처가 절실할 수 있다. 본 사례는 중동지역 $\bigcirc\bigcirc$조선소의 이러한 현장여건을 고려하여 중 소하중 규모의 크레인 기초에 적용된 말뚝의 구조 해석적 검토와 지역 지반조건을 반영하여 안정하고 현지조달이 가능한 말뚝 재료의 변경을 제안한 경우이다. 본 검토에서는 기초 말뚝의 정역학적 허용지지력과 기초지반 조건을 고려한 항타관입 분석 및 크레인 이동하중을 고려한 응력해석을 실시하여 최대연직력, 모멘트, 전단력, 응력비 등을 비교하였으며, 동일한 검토조건하에서 결과를 바탕으로 변경 가능한 말뚝을 선정하였다. 기초지반에 대한 적정안전율을 갖는 허용지지력 및 구조적 안정성의 확보가 가능한 콘크리트 말뚝으로의 변경이 가능하며 상부하중 규모에 따라 설치간격에 따른 파일본수의 증 감이 발생되었다.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.4863-4868
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• 2012

Static pile load tests were conducted on the two piles which comprised group pile installed in sand and the test results were compared with those obtained from load transfer method. Predicted load bearing capacity of the pile which locates center portion of the group pile was less than that from the load test and the reason is thought to be the densification of the soil due to the installation of the group pile. Predicted pile capacity of the API method, Coyle and Sulaiman method were 77%, 90% of the bearing capacity obtained from the load test, respectively. Comparing ultimate bearing capacities of the pile locating at the edge of the group pile, those predicted by the API method, Coyle and Sulaiman method were 1.1 times, 1.3 times of the bearing capacity obtained from the pile load test, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.75-86
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• 2009

This paper presents the results of a numerical investigation on load carrying capacity of geogrid-encased stone columns to use as load carrying column(s) supporting a foundation load. A validated 3D stress-pore pressure coupled model that can effectively show rapid drainage capability of stone columns and encasement effect of geogrid was adopted and a parametric study was carried out on a number of influencing factors. It is shown that the geogrid encased stone columns can be effectively used as foundation load supporting columns in soft ground. The results of numerical investigation were presented so that the relationship between the load carrying capacity of geogrid-encased stone columns and the influencing factors can be identified. Practical implications of the findings are also discussed.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 2012

In this study, in-depth site investigation related to design and construction of pile foundation was carried out, especially with respect to 103 large-scale bridges located in South Korea. As a result, the depths and location of investigation was unsatisfactory at the foundation investigation process. Moreover, pile load tests were not performed when the capacity of the file is calculated in planning phase, and it was difficult to determine the load capacity limit due to the fact that loading capacity was not specified in pile-loading test. The design criteria related to pile foundation does not reflect the reality of the construction site, and that causes over design, and economic inefficiency in budget. Therefore, the purposes of this study is to review case studies related to the bearing capacity of pile foundations and suggest improvements in the construction specifications.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.37-46
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• 2001

Pile load tests were carried out to investigate the contribution of the pile cap to the carrying capacity of a pile group and load transfer characteristics of piles in the group. A group of 24 piles$(4 \times6 array)$ of 92.5mm diameter steel pipe were installed to the depth of 3m fron the ground surface, the top of weathered rock. A maximum load of 320ton was applied to the pile cap, $1.5\times2.3m$, in contact with the ground surface. At the maximum load of 320ton, the pile cap has carried 22% of the total load. Average ultimate capacity of pile in the pile group was estimated to be 16.4ton, substantially higher than that of single pile, installed at the corner and tested before pile cap construction. For the same magnitude of settlement, the pile in the center carried less load than the pile at the perimeter due to strain superposition effect. Piles in the group showed almost constant contribution(approx. 60%) of side friction to the total capacity for all of the loading stages, while that of single pile decreased from 82% to 65%.