• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.487-498
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• 2015

The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among hoteliers' emotional labor like surface acting (SA) and deep acting (DA), job stress such as physical stress (PS) and mental stress (MS), and extra-role behavior (EB). Using data from 264 surveys collected from five-star hotels' employees, the author empirically tested the research model. Main results on applying structural equation analysis are as follows. (1) SA had positive impacts on both PS and JS while DA was negatively significant on only MS. (2) ER was influenced by DA while there was no significance on SA. (3) MS was negatively related to ER, and PS was also significantly effective; however, the estimate of PS indicated a positive correlation unlike theoretical prediction. In conclusion, a discussion about the interesting phenomenon was held based on self-rewarding acts.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.157-179
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• 2014

This study introduces the mediating role of social worker's emotional labor in the relationship between person-social welfare value fit and job-related psychological attitudes. This study characterizes emotional labor as surface acting and deep acting, and job-related psychological attitudes as job satisfaction and organizational commitment. This study hypothesizes that the social worker's person-social welfare value fit raises job satisfaction and organizational commitment, that social worker's surface acting negatively mediates the relationship between social welfare value fit and psychological attitudes, and that deep acting positively mediates the relationship. The results from this study are as follows. Firstly, social worker's person-social welfare value fit raises job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Secondly, social worker's surface acting fully mediates the relationship between social welfare value fit and organizational commitment. Thirdly, deep acting fully mediates the relationship between social welfare value fit and job satisfaction, and social welfare value fit and organizational commitment. Based on these results, detailed practical and theoretical implications are discussed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.293-307
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• 2019

The poor welfare level of social workers is a big social problem in direct proportion to the ongoing need for social welfare service. In particular, the emotional work of social workers is a serious situation. This Study examines the effect of emotional labor(EL) on customer orientation(CO) of social workers with case management. Also this paper investigates the moderating effect of emotional intelligence(EI) and leader-member exchange(LMX). The major results from the study are as follow: First, we found that surface acting(SA) of EL had a negative impact on CO and deep acting(DA) of EL had a positive impact on CO. Second, EI showed a moderating effect on the correlation between SA of EL and CO. Also, EI had the moderating effect that weakening the negative impact of SA on CO. Third, LMX showed a moderating effect on the correlation between DA of EL and CO. Also, LMX had the moderating effect that strengthening the positive impact of DA on CO. In particular, this study presented with implications for future research, limitations of this study.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.261-283
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• 2014

The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between emotional labor of surface acting and deep acting along with job satisfaction and turnover intention. Furthermore, the study attempts to understand the moderating effects of resilience on adjustment in regards to the emotional labor, surface acting and deep acting, and job satisfaction and turnover intention. For this study, a survey was conducted among administrative assistants and five hypotheses were verified. The findings of this research are summarized as follows: First, the surface acting of emotional labor has a statistically significant positive correlational effect on turnover intentions. Second, the deep acting of emotional labor has a statistically significant negative correlational effect on turnover intentions. Third, the surface acting of emotional labor has a statistically significant negative correlational effect on job satisfaction. Fourth, the deep acting of emotional labor has a statistically significant positive correlational effect on job satisfaction. Fifth, there is a moderating effect of resilience between the deep acting of emotional labor and job satisfaction. This study is meaningful in that it helps understand the relationship between the administrative assistants' emotional labor, resilience, turnover intention, and job satisfaction and that it proposes implications on vitalizing organizational communication and emotional programs.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.251-264
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• 2022

Previous researches related to emotional labor have been cross-sectional studies focusing on static differences in emotional exhaustion. Previous studies on these relationships have not highlighted the dynamic properties of these relationships. This purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of emotional labor strategy on perceived emotional exhaustion and depression. This study was conducted by paying attention to the fact that service industry workers who have to respond kindly to customers often have to show emotions which is necessary for their business to the outside world rather than showing their true emotions. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, it was confirmed that surface acting had a positive influence on emotional exhaustion, but deep acting had a negative influence to emotional exhaustion. Second, it was found that surface acting had a positive influence on depression, but deep acting had a negative influence on depression. Third, it was confirmed that the effect of deep acting on emotional exhaustion decreased when emotional labor was performed through deep acting on Mondays, Tuesdays, and Wednesdays, while emotional exhaustion was not significant on Thursdays and Fridays. Fourth, it was confirmed that the difference in the effect of emotional labor strategy on depression was greater in the case of performing emotional labor through surface acting than in the case of performing emotional labor through deep acting.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.541-552
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• 2019

Recently, social welfare officers are suffering from a lot of job stress due to increasing work and are carrying out emotional labor. This study assessed the effect of emotional labor on the quality of welfare service through a questionnaire survey on 937 civil servants in Sejong city and Chungcheongnam-do provinces. First, social welfare officers experienced more than average level of emotional labor, and they performed more internal behavior than surface behavior. Second, the services provided by the social welfare officers were higher than usual, followed by tangibility, assurance, reliability, empathy, and responsiveness. Third, deeping acting had a positive (+) influence on service quality among the sub-factors of emotional labor. In other words, the quality of service increases as the emotional state itself changes, On the other hand, deeping acting did not affect service quality. In the future, policy responses to excessive work burden of social welfare officers should be needed and a manual for responding to emotional labor should be provided.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.8
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• pp.309-316
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• 2019

This study was examined to confirm the effect of emotional labor and social support on Job embeddedness in clinical nurses. The subjects were working in general hospitals over 300 beds in Gwangju area. The 197 data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis. Deep acting(r=.290, p<.01) of emotional labor and supervisor support(r=.389, p<.01) and peer support (r=.160, p<.05) of social support were reported positively correlated with job embeddedness. Deep acting(${\beta}=.236$, p<.001) of emotional labor and supervisor support(${\beta}=.319$, p<.001) of social support were reported to have effect on job embeddedness. These findings suggest that in order to promote job embeddedness of clinical nurses, the strategies to improve deep acting of emotional labor and supervisor support of social support should be provided in clinical nursing field.

• The Optical Journal
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• s.131
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• pp.50-53
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• 2011

사진의 발명 초기, 가장 널리 촬영되었던 것이 풍경사진이다. 풍경사진의 역사는 사진술의 발명가인 조세프 니세포르 니에프스의 세계 최초 풍경사진 <르 그라의 집 창에서 내다 본 조망, 1827년>부터 정치적인 목적으로 촬영된 비송형제의 알프스에서 찍은 풍경사진, 미국의 근대 사진을 이끌었던 알프레드 스티글리츠의 구름을 주제로한 <이퀴벌런트 Equivalent) 시리즈, 리얼리티에 입각한 'f64' 그룹, 현대의 풍경을 표현했던 '뉴토포그래픽스' 작가에 이르기까지 다양하며 광범위하다. 이렇듯 풍경사진은 자연이나 인공적인 풍경을 담아내는 일차적인 표현 방법을 넘어서 그 시대와 목적에 따라 달리 표현되며 작가 자신의 내면적 세계를 담아내는 행위이다. 글로벌한 1인 미디어가 대거 등장하면서 사진은 더욱 친숙하고 밀접하게 다가온다. 그 중 대표적인 것으로 여행에서의 풍경사진을 꼽을 수 있다. 우리는 개인이 직접 접해보지 못했던 대자연의 장엄함과 시골의 소박한 자연풍경을 사무실과 거실의 모니터 앞에서 쉽게 감상할 수 있다. 그러나 이 아름다운 풍경을 촬영자의 내면 그대로 담아내는 일은 좀처럼 쉽지 않다. 우리의 눈과 마음으로 바라보는 3차원 또는 4차원의 풍경을 사진이라는 2차원적 평면으로 표현할 수 있는 기본적인 촬영방법을 알아보자.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.395-405
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among the emotional labor, burnout, and organizational commitment in airline context. In this study, 2 hypotheses based on literature reviews were employed. Questionnaire was also developed based on previous studies. A convenience sample of 163 flight attendants was surveyed and 153 usable questionnaires were analyzed. According to the literature review, emotional labor was divided into 'surface acting' and 'deep acting'. Burnout, on the other hand, was categorized into the following variables: 'emotional exhaustion', 'depersonalization' and 'reduced feelings of personal accomplishment' accordingly. Then the data and hypotheses were examined using structural equation modeling (SEM) by AMOS. The results are as follows. Firstly, emotional labor has no effect on 'emotional exhaustion' while emotional labor has negative effects on 'depersonalization' and 'reduced feelings of personal accomplishment'. Secondly, 'depersonalization' and 'reduced feelings of personal accomplishments'' factor have negative effects on organizational commitment while 'emotional exhaustion' has no effect on organizational commitment. Continuous and systematic training should be conducted to administer 'emotional labor'. Consulting system should also be conducted to reduce burnout and systematic procedure is also needed to induce positive results from burnout.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.137-163
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of social workers' emotional labor on non-task behaviors. This study characterizes emotional labor as deep acting and surface acting, non-task behavior as organizational citizenship behavior(OCB) and counterproductive work behavior(CWB). And this study also examines the mediating effect of social workers' emotional dissonance in the relationship between surface acting and non-task behavior, and the moderating effect of senior worker's emotional leadership in the relationship between emotional dissonance and non-task behaviors. The results from this study are as follows. Firstly, social workers' deep acting improves their OCB. Secondly, social workers' surface acting has strong effects on their emotional dissonance, and this emotional dissonance hinders their OCB. In addition, the mediating effect of emotional dissonance is also recognized at this point. Thirdly, senior worker's emotional leadership moderates the relationship between social worker's emotional dissonance and OCB in the sense that emotional leadership is expected to reduce the negative effects of emotional dissonance on OCB. However, the influence of emotional labor on CWB has no statistical significance in this study. Based on these results, detailed theoretical and practical implications are discussed.