• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 1999

Objectives：One of the most common developmental problems is communication disorder in which a child appears normal in every way but who has failed to begin speaking or speaks very little. A few studies have examined the temperamental characteristics of children with communication disorders. This study was to investigate the temperamental characteristics of Korean children with communication disorders. Methods：The parents of 20 Korean children with communication disorders and the parents of 50 normal control children, the age of both groups ranges from 3 to 7, completed Korean version of Parental Temperamental Questionnaire developed by Thomas and Chess. Children with a pervasive developmental disorder, mental retardation, or speech-motor or sensory deficit were excluded. The scores of each temperamental scale of two groups and the diagnostic clusters of two groups were compared. Results：The children with communication disorders were characterized by lower mood scores and higher intensity of reaction scores than normal controls. The two groups showed no significant correlation in terms of the temperamental diagnostic clusters. Conclusion：This findings suggest the existence of a distinct temperamental profile of the children with communication disorders. Early detection of the profile may be of great value for parents in understanding the developmental characteristics of the children with communication disorders and in providing appropriate parenting approaches.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.163-176
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• 2002

Objectives：This study was designed to investigate the temperamental characteristics and the differences of temperamental characteristics in Korean children according to the sociodemographic and family environment factors using Toddler Temperament Scale(TTS). Methods：The samples consisted of 1,175 children who were attending twenty-five Samsung Child Care Centers nationwide. Both Korean version of TTS and child developmental questionnaire(designed by the Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center) were distributed to the parents of these children. Score of 9 temperamental categories was determined using the result of TTS, and determination of 5 temperamental clusters was conducted by the Fullard's criteria. Statistical analyses were performed according to the sex, birth order, existence of siblings, residential city, residential province, marital state of child's parents, and parental relationship to compare the scores of temperamental categories and the distribution of temperamental clusters. Results：The distribution of temperamental clusters was as follows；Easy 35.8%, Intermediate Low (IL) 33.1%, Intermediate High(IH) 11.1%, Slow-To-Warm-Up 6.3%, and Difficult 13.6%. Some of 9 temperamental categories were statistically different according to the sex, birth order, existence of siblings, residential city, residental province, marital state of child's parents, and parental relationship. From the viewpoint of 5 temperamental clusters, there were statistically more Easy and less Difficult children in good relation between each parent(p=.022). In spite of no statistical significance, the children in conditions of first-born, non-existence of siblings, middle or small residential city, Chung-Cheong province, married state of parent had a tendency to be easier to care. Conclusions：The toddler temperamental characteristics of Korean children showed some differences in several sociodemographic and family environment factors. We could confirm that the 'Goodness of Fit' was very important in child temperament.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.114-123
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• 1993

The authors applied Toddler Temperament Scale(TTS) to ADHD patient group, other disease group and normal control group to elucidate temperamental characteristics of ADHD patients in their toddler stage. 1) ADHD group showed significant difference from the control group in 'activity', 'rhythmicity', 'approach', 'adaptability', 'intensity', 'persistence' and 'threshold' categories. 2) ADHD group and other disease showed significant difference from the control group in 'adaptability' and 'persistence' categories. 3) ADHD group was significantly different from other disease group or control group in 'activity' and 'approach' categories. 4) In total scores of TTS, ADHD group and other diease group showed significant difference from control group. 5) Classification ratio of TTS for ADHD by discriminant analysis was 84.3%. Above results suggest that the ADHD patients may reveal characteristic traits in their toddler stage Further research should be focused on the development and refinement of assessment tools for the early detection and prevention for ADHD.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.43-49
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• 1997

This study was designed to explore whether the temperament of a child influences the physical growth. The Korean version of the Parent Questionnaire for Children developed by Thomas, Chess and Korn was applied to 395 Korean children whose ages ranged from 3 years to 7 years. Simultaneously the height and the weight were measured for each child and converted into percentile scale according to the Growth Curve and the Weight Percentile Table for the Height of Korean children. Statistical analysis was performed among 9 temperamental categories, height and weight percentiles for the age and weight percentiles for the height using the first-order partial correlation analysis, controlling for the familial mean income per month. Results showed that the more temperamentally difficult a child is, the lower weight he has when compared with the children of the same age or the same height. Although there were some differences, the tendency of the above findings was maintained both in male and female children. These results show that the temperament may influence the physical growth as well as the psychological development.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.101-128
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• 2013

This study investigated the interactions between infants of differing natures and teachers in a nursery, and to find the right way to foster the relationship. This study was carried out for 13 weeks, in a class consisting of eight children between one and two years old and with two teachers. The sources of data collection included observations, interviews with teachers, taking videos and voice recording. The results were as follows. (1) Infants with different natures show different reactions in the same situation and it affects the interaction between them and the teachers. (2) The types of interactions among infants with different natures are distinct and the interaction is influenced by factors other than just their nature. A constant interaction between infants and teachers based on the natures of infants and situational reacting strategies toward infants tremendously influence infants' development.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.111-117
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• 1986

The authors studied organic brain syndrome, using organic brain syndrome scale of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for DSM-II, in the subjects of 65 males and 231 females at the homes for the aged in the Taegu and Kyong-buk areas. The authors collected the data during the period from June to August, 1986, and applied ANOVA and $x^2$-test in order to compare various psychologic factors in relation to the organic brain syndrome. The results could be summarized as follows : The elderly males(15%) showed high OBS scores of 12 and over, while ninety elderly females(39%) showed the same scores. Among those psychosocial factors, age, education, birth place, occupation, religion, history before institutionalization are significantly related to the OBS scores.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.1010-1021
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• 2023

In this study, we would like to confirm the collagen recovery effect through cell experiments of the flavonoid apigenin and baicalein and propose results that can support the collagen recovery effect through comparative transcriptome analysis. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that apigenin and baicalein were effective in recovering type I collagen damaged by UV in the HS68 cell line, and that both substances resulted in changes in the expression of ECM-related genes. Not only did it show a common mechanism for regulating the ECM, but it also showed the results of changing different categories of genes, making it possible to predict that it would have various effects on cells.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 1999

Objective：This study was designed to investigate the difference between executive function of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) group and that of neurotics, and to investigate the developmental aspects of ADHD group's executive function. Method：Executive function between ADHD(N=87) and Neurotics(N=19) was evaluated through their performance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. The results were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and t-test. Results：The results revealed group difference between ADHD and neurotics in total correct reponses, total error responses, nonperseverative errors, number of categories completed, conceptual level responses. There was no significant difference between the performance of 8-12 aged group and 13-15 aged group. But 7-8 aged group showed significantly poor performance than 8-12 aged in total responses, total error responses, perseverative responses, perseverative error responses, nonperseverative error responses. Conclusions：In comparison to the neurotics group, the children of ADHD group are suggested to be lacking the ability to correct their responses according to the external feedback and they probably respond randomly without self-control. However, as there is no difference between perseverative errors and perseverative responses, the interpretation of this finding warrants caution. It also suggests that the developmental aspects should be considered in the studies of executive functions because there are differences in the performance of executive functions by ages.

• The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.303-329
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• 2011

In Korea, recent women's educational standard is more higher than any other period but rate of using human resources is the lowest level among the OECD nations. As the reason of this phenomenon, the career choice attract attention. Traditionally, job is classified female-dominated job from male-dominated job, and most women still avoid male-dominated job. If this unequal concentrated phenomenon is relieved, diversity using of human resource will be available. For the purpose, this study try to determine the experience structure and the career decision-making process of the female undergraduate who want the male-dominated job through the qualitative study method, and to determine factors that work negative or positive on the process to use for the career consult. Grounded theory based data analyses resulted in 61 concepts, 27 sub-categories, and 12 categories from the recorded data of 8 female undergraduates who want the male-dominated job. The core category was "For the special life, keeping challenging with the will". A paradigm model consist of the casual condition, central phenomenon, contextual condition, intervening condition, actions/reactions and the result was proposed. And the participants went through five stages with time in their career decision-making process: the stage of awareness about the trait and aspiration, the stage of internal determination, the stage of support and accept, the stage of challenge and overcome, and the stage of affirmation and confidence. Implications of the findings and suggestions for the future research are discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.6722-6742
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• 2015

This study is intended to look for implications through longitudinal exploratory research on the change of children's problem behaviors for their temperament and parenting behaviors. The results are as follows. The factors influencing children's problem behaviors rose to 62 factors between 1990 and 2000, and 93 factors between 2000 and 2010 from total 41 factors between 1970 and 1990, which they were more than doubled after the 2000s compared with the earlier studies, subdividing children's problem behaviors. The proportion of the factors influencing children's problem behaviors showed that parents' moral thinking had the highest, and their negative thinking or emotion for children were higher than their moral thinking, which their problem behaviors were more greatly affected by parenting attitudes toward them than their own temperament or attitudes. The earlier studies were more likely to find the cause of children's problem behaviors for looking into the factors and causes influencing children's problem behaviors in terms of children's personal mental health, but there was more proportion of social environment, peer and teacher relationship while soaring family, relationship, home environment and child care center environment factors as well as children's personal factors after the 2000s. Consequently, the alternative resources or the environments of the times should be applied in other ways.