• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2020

Three-dimensional microscopic approaches in histopathology display multiplex properties that present puzzling questions for specimens as related to their comprehensive volumetric information. This information includes spatial distribution of molecules, three-dimensional co-localization, structural formation and whole data set that cannot be determined by two-dimensional section slides due to the inevitable loss of spatial information. Advancement of optical instruments such as two-photon microscopy and high performance objectives with motorized correction collars have narrowed the gap between optical theories and the actual reality of deep tissue imaging. However, the benefits gained by a prolonged working distance, two-photon laser and optimized beam alignment are inevitably diminished because of the light scattering phenomenon that is deeply related to the refractive index mismatch between each cellular component and the surrounding medium. From the first approaches with simple crude refractive index matching techniques to the recent cutting-edge integrated tissue clearing methods, an achievement of transparency without morphological denaturation and eradication of natural and fixation-induced nonspecific autofluorescence out of real signal are key factors to determine the perfection of tissue clearing and the immunofluorescent staining for high contrast images. When performing integrated laboratory workflow of tissue for processing frozen and formalin-fixed tissues, clear lipid-exchanged acrylamide-hybridized rigid imaging/immunostaining/in situ hybridization-compatible tissue hydrogel (CLARITY), an equipment-based tissue clearing method, is compatible with routine procedures in a histopathology laboratory.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.10-21
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• 2014

The joint of prefabricated steel grid composite deck is composed of concrete shear key and high-tension bolts. The flexural and shear strength of the joint were experimentally evaluated only by the bending and push-out test of the joint element. In this study the lateral load transfer behavior of the joint in deck structure system is experimentally evaluated. Several decks connected by the joint are prefabricated and loaded centrically and eccentrically. In the case of centrically loaded specimens, the analysis results show that for the same loading step the rotation angle of the joint with 4 high-tension bolts is larger than the case of the joint with 9 high-tension bolts. Consequently, flexural stiffness of deck and lateral load transfer decrease in the case of specimen with 4 high-tension bolts. But, in the case of eccentrically loaded specimens, it is found that there are no significant differences in the load transfer behavior. The further analysis results about the structural behavior of the joint show that lateral load transfer can be restricted by the load bearing capacity of the joint as well as punching shear strength of the slab. Furthermore, considering that high-tension bolts in the joint didn't reach to the yielding condition until the punching shear failure, increase in the number of high-tension bolts from 4 to 9 has a greater effect on the flexural stiffness of the joint and deck system than the strength of them.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.23-31
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• 2009

The border of the shorelines in a nation is an important factor in determining the border of a national territory, but Korea's shorelines are rapidly changing due to the recent rise in sea level from global warming and growth-centered economic policy over the decades of years. This research was done centering on the areas having well-preserved shorelines as they naturally are and other areas having damaged shorelines in their vicinities due to artificial structures at the two beaches located at the neighboring areas and having mutually homogeneous ocean conditions with each other. First, this research derived the shorelines using the aerial photographies taken from 1947 until 2007 and revised the tidal levels sounding data obtained from a hydrographical survey automation system consisting of Echosounder[Echotrac 3100] and Differential Global Positioning System[Beacon]by using topographical data and ships on land obtained by applying post-processing Kinematic GPS measuring method. In addition, this research evaluated the changes and dimensional variations for the last 60 years by dividing these determined shorelines into 5 sections. As a result, the Haewundae Beach showed a total of 29% decrease rate in dimension as of the year 2007 in comparison with the year 1947 due to a rapid dimensional decline centering on its west areas, while the dimension of the Gwanganri Beach showed an increase in its dimension amounting to a total of 69% due to the decrease in flow velocity by artificial structures built on both ends of the beach-forming accumulation; thus, it was found that there existed a big difference in deposition & accumulation tendency depending on neighboring environment in spite of the homogeneous ocean conditions.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.381-387
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• 2002

A filamentous fungus, strain FB01 showing high $\beta$-glucosidase activity was isolated from a compost. This fungus was cocultured with Trichoderma viride to enhance the productivity of $\beta$-glucosidase by changing inoculation time of the fungus. The microbial consortium showed higher cellulolytic enzyme production than T. viride alone. The maximal enzyme production was obtained when the microbial consortium was cultured at 30$\^{C}$ and pH 6.0 for 10 days with the activities of CMCase, $\beta$-glucosidase, and avicelase of 2.0, 0.8, and 0.2 U/mL, respectively. These enzyme activities were 2, 4, and 2 times as high as those of CMCase, p-glucosidase, avicelase from T. viride, respectively, indicating that a synergistic interaction appeared between T. viride and strain FBOI . The serial subcultures with pH control increased $\beta$-glucosidase production about 3.2 times. Enzyme production using ricestraw as a carbon source showed that the activities of CMCase, $\beta$-glucosidase, and avicelase were 3.69, 0.76, 0.17 U/mL, respectively, and $\beta$-glucosidase activity was 1.5 times higher than that of T viride.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.572-581
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• 2000

Teachers' perceptions about curricular objectives are very important to achieve given educational objectives. This study examined teachers' perceptions about priority and hinderance of science objectives. The national science curriculum stated four areas of objectives: inquiry, knowledge, attitude, and STS. A total of 76 elementary and 217 secondary teachers were responded to questionnaire developed for this study. Non-parametric statistics, such as Friedman test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and chi-square test were used by using SPSS/PC program. Teachers in general ranked the inquiry first among the four areas at their perception on the national curriculum, on themselves, and on their instructions. Elementary teachers ranked inquiry higher than secondary science teachers, while secondary science teachers ranked knowledge higher than elementary teachers. As factors hindering teachers from achiving the objectives, elementary teachers pointed out overcrowded classroom and secondary science teachers pointed out college and university entrance examination respectively.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.42-62
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• 2012

This paper suggests a genuine method to estimate the agglomeration effects of Industrial Cluster focusing on the FOODPOLIS (KOREA NATIONAL FOOD CLUSTER). In this study, we will focus on two issues related to the clustering effect. First, Clusters affect productivity, and a cluster allows companies to operate more productively in inputs; accessing technology, human resource, information, services, and needed institutions. Second, we assume that the effects of Industrial Cluster can be estimated from measurement on differency of an added value between large-scale enterprises and smaller ones. To demonstrate effectiveness of this approach, the estimated effect was compared with that from the related study (A Mini-Cluster). Industry Clusters have been considered as critical factors for regional competitiveness and economic revitalization. For this, the government and local government should find a way and strategy to provide useful contents that can attract the participation of firms and to secure strategic positioning and competition strategies.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.28-34
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• 2019

Regardless of the ignition source, the main factors affecting the spread of flames to the human body are combustibles. The sound absorption material, which is the finishing material used in music institutes and karaoke rooms, consists of polyurethane that generates a large amount of toxic gas with a high amount of combustion gases during a fire. Still, the current law does not require the use of impregnated finishing materials for tutoring services with less than 100 users. In this study, the rate of flame diffusion was measured using the MultiRaelite composite gas measuring instrument (target substance VOC, HCHO, SO₂, CO₂, CO, HCN, and NO₂) for the collection of sound-absorbing materials installed in the actual music academy. The results showed that the toxic gas found in this experiment exceeded the allowable concentration of TWA (Time Weighted Average) and STEL (Short Term Exposure Limit). In addition, a comparative combustion test of the general sound absorber and non-combustion sound absorbing materials on the market showed wide differences in ignition and diffusion. Therefore, based on the results of the experiment, private institutes with less than 100 users should be mandated to use non-combustion sound absorbing materials.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 1994.05a
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• pp.51-53
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• 1994

담수는 인간의 생존에 필수적인 요소이다. 우리는 매일 일정량의 물을 섭취하고 있으며, 일상에서 직접, 간접적으로 물과 관련되지 않고서는 생활할 수 없다. 지구 표면의 약 70%가 물로서 덮여 있다고는 하지만 인간의 생활에 직접적인 이용가치가 있는 담수(지표수)는 전체 물의 용적의 2%에 지나지 않는다. 한국의 연평균 강수량은 1,274mm로서 세계 연평균 강수량인 970mm보다 많은 편이나 인구 1인당 연간 강수량은 약 3,000m3으로서 세계 평균인 34,000m3의 11분의 1에 지나지 않는다. 수자원총량중 지하침투와 증발에 의해 손실되는 양을 제외한 하천유출량은 전체의 55%인 697억m3으로서 이것이 곧 가용수자원량이다. 그러나 하절기 강우집중도가 높은 우리나라 실정에서는 가용수자뭔량중 수자원총량의 37%가 홍수시 유출되고 실제 이용량은 수자원총량의 18%인 230억m3에 불과하여 인구증가와 함께 수자원의 가치가 더욱 증대하고 있는 실정이다. 더우기 지하수 이용량은 19억m3에 불과함에 따라 우리나라는 실제 이응수자 원량의 90% 이상을 지표수에 의존하고 있으며, 그 중 약 40%가 호소수로 구성되어 있다. 이러한 수자원 이용효율의 취약성으로 인해 제한된 수자원 용량과 생활 및 농공용수의 과수요에 따른 불균형으로 근래 많은 하천이 갈수기나 평수기시 친천화되어 가고 있어 수중생태계에 큰 위협을 주고 있다. 또한 이에 더하여 산업발달과 함께 수질오염원은 양적으로는 물론 질적으로도 증가일로에 있어 기존의 유기 및 중금속 오염물질을 포함해 수많은 신생 유기화합물질이 수계에 유출되고 있으며, 이에 더해 질소 및 인으로 대표되는 영양물질의 유입과다로 국내 대다수의 호수가 부영양화의 새로운 위협에 직 면해 있다. 우리나라에는 적은 유입유량에 큰 저수용량 및 긴 체류시간으로 대표되는 대규모 자연호는 없으며, 대부분이 매단위 강을 막아 형성된 체류시간 1년 이하의 인공호로서 그 중 안동호, 충주호, 대청호 등은 비교적 체류시간이 긴 호소형 인공호로, 팔당호나 기타 대부분의 호수는 체류시간이 짧은 하천형 인공호로 대별된다(Table 1). 이처럼 국내 호소는 국외의 자연 호와는 다른 구조적 특성을 가짐에 따라 부영양화 특성 역시 매우 상이하고, 호소형 인공호와 하천형 인공호간의 차이 역시 현저하여 일률적인 관리대책을 설정하기가 어려운 실정에 있다. 또한 각 호수의 유역특성이 상이함에 따라 호수별로 유역 오염원의 오염부하율이 현저히 달라(Table 2) 호수에 따른 특성적인 유역관리(Lake-specific management)가 요구되고 있다 정상상태(Steady state)가 아닌 국내 호소에 대해 국외 자연호의 인단순모델 (Simple phosphorus budget model)을 그대로 적용하는 것에 다소 무리한 점이 따르나, 평균적인 개념으로 OECD의 유역부하량 및 호소특성에 따른 부영양화 판정모델을 적용한다면, 국내 주요 호수는 모두 부영양 수준에 있다. 또 각 호수별로 부영양화 제어를 위해 요구되는 인의 삭감부하량은 상당량이 되어 현실적으로 관리가 이미 어려운 실정에 와 있다. 호수의 부영양화는 조류 발생으로 이어지며, 그에 따른 폐해는 각종 형태로 나타나는데 대표적으로 이취미 발생이나 유해조류에 의한 독성물질의 배출, 정수처리 과정의 THM 발생등이 주로 문제가 되고 있다. 따라서 국내 호수의 구조적 특성별 부영양화 실태를 파악하고 그에 따른 영향 및 관리방안에 관한 종합적 고찰이 차후 수질관리를 위해 요구되고 있으며, 특히 납조류로 대표되는 유해조류의 독성영향에 관한 연구는 시급한 실정에 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.8
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• pp.1148-1157
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• 2014

Rice bran (RB), a by-product obtained during polishing of un-milled rice, contains a large quantity of essential nutrients such as minerals, vitamins, fiber, amino acids, and antioxidants. In this study, the anti-obesity effects of stabilized RB addition as a food material in a diet-induced obese animal model were investigated. For the analysis, a total of 32 mice were randomly divided into four groups: normal diet group (ND, n=8), high-fat diet group (HFD, n=8), 20% RB added high fat diet group (HFRB20, n=8), and 40% RB added high fat diet group (HFRB40, n=8). The animals were sacrificed after 7 weeks. Body weight gain, various adipose tissue weights, blood glucose concentration, and serum leptin level of the HFRB40 group were found to be significantly lower than those of the HFD group. Moreover, antioxidant enzyme activity of the HFRB40 group was significantly higher than that of the HFD group. However, the HFRB20 group did not show significantly different values. The results of this study show that RB (40%) addition reduces body weight gain and improves obesity-related parameters. These results suggest RB could be considered as a functional additive material for the manufacture of anti-obesity products, and 40% RB addition would be the physiologically effective level.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2010

Areas with negative images in cities can degrade the image of the city as a whole and slow the city's efforts to improve its image. The identification of such areas and the development of a city contour that charts the images of various areas in advance can help urban planners establish relevant strategies to ameliorate detrimental images of the city. This study intends to draw a contour of Seongnam City according to citizen's cognition levels of and preference for city area images and aim to shift the strategy of urban image planning from being results-oriented to being process-oriented. The results of this study are as follows: First, an analysis of the level of cognition of and preferences for Seongnam City's landmarks shows that the degree of cognition varies in different areas, whereas that of preferences remains similar; Second, the cognition and preference contour makes it easy to assess and diagnose city images; Third, the image management map, which merges the cognition contour with the preference contour, divides the city into four different areas. In order to manage city images, it follows that those areas with a high degree of cognition but low preference need to be classified and dealt with first. Further, this study shows that those areas with high cognition are the most populated and visited. Areas with high preference can become a strong candidate for being a landscape control point of a city, which adds to the usefulness of this study. The contour of Seongnam will contribute to networking sightseeing areas for visitors centered upon those places of high preference. It would appear that this type of networking will inspire a better image for the city.