• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.137-157
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• 2019

Companies are trying to use enterprise SNS for collaboration and speedy decision-making. This study verified the mediating effect of communication between enterprise SNS and job performance, and proved the moderating effect of nationality between enterprise SNS and communication. This study collected survey data of 81 Korean and 81 Chinese from employees who have used enterprise SNS in Korea and China. As results of data analysis, first, enterprise SNS improved job performance through speedy information sharing and error reduction. Second, communication mediated the effect of enterprise SNS on job performance. Third, enterprise SNS increased the level of organizational communication through decreasing the burden of offline face-to-face communication. Compared with Chinese corporate organizations, Korean corporate organizations have high power distances, centralized control, and high superior authority. Therefore, in the off-line communication situation, the subordinate feels the social pressure to follow the command of the superior. Thus communication is one-way and closed. In this Korean organizational situation, corporate SNS can be used as a means to bypass rigid offline communication. In the online communication environment of non face-to-face corporate SNS, anxiety and stress of face-to-face communication can be reduced, so communication between the upper and lower sides can flow more smoothly. The contribution of this paper is that it proved that enterprise SNS promotes communication and improve job performance by reducing the anxiety or stress of offline communication, while according to prior research successful adoption of many types of information systems requires the fit between an organization and its organizational culture.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.71-102
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• 2007

There were many comprehensive analyses conducted within the existing research activities wherein factors affecting technology progress including investment in R&D vis-${\Box}$-vis their influences act as the determinants of TFP. Note, however, that there were few comprehensive analysis in the industrial research performed regarding the impact of the economy of scale as it affects TFP; most of these research studies dealt with the analysis of the non -parametric Malmquist productivity index or used the stochastic frontier production function models. No comprehensive analysis on the impacts of individual independent variables affecting TFP was performed. Therefore, this study obtained the TFP increase rate of each industry by analyzing the factors of the existing growth accounting equation and comprehensively analyzed the TFP determinants by constructing a comprehensive analysis model considering the investment in R&D and economy of scale (smallness by industry) as the influencers of TFP by industry. First, for the TFP increase rate of the 15 industries as a whole, the annual average increase rate for 1993${\sim}$ 1997 was approximately 3.8% only; during 1999${\sim}$ 2000 following the foreign exchange crisis, however, the annual increase rate rose to approximately 7.8%. By industry, the annual average increase rate of TFP between 1993 and 2000 stood at 11.6%, the highest in the electrical and electronic equipment manufacturing business and IT manufacturing sector. In contrast, a -0.4% increase rate was recorded in the furniture and other product manufacturing sectors. In the case of the service industry, the TFP increase rate was 7.3% in the transportation, warehousing, and communication sectors. This is much higher than the 2.9% posted in the electricity, water, and gas sectors and -3.7% recorded in the wholesale, food, and hotel businesses. The results of the comprehensive analysis conducted on the determinants of TFP showed that the correlations between R&D and TFP in general were positive (+) correlations whose significance has yet to be validated; in the model where the self-employed and unpaid family workers were used as proxy variables indicating the smallness of industry out of the total number of workers, however, significant negative (-) correlations were noted. On the other hand, the estimation factors of variables surrogating the smallness of scale in each industry showed that a consistently high "smallness of scale" in an industry means a decrease in the increase rate of TFP in the same industry.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.261-266
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• 2000

글을 이해하기 위해서는 어휘와 어휘간의 연결 및 전체 구조를 아는 것이 필요하다. 이는 비단 한국어뿐만 아니라 영어나 기타 다른 외국어에서도 마찬가지일 것이다. 본고는 두 가지를 고찰하기 위해 진행되었는데 우선 외국어로서 영어를 처리하는데 발생하는 구문적 중의성을 해결하는데 Garden Path Sentence(GPS), Late Closure(LC), PP의 세 문형에 따라 어떻게 해결하는지 알아보기 위한 것이다. 그리고 각 문형의 중의적 어절에서의 반응과 애매성 해소 어절에서의 반응에 따라 sysntactic module이 작용하는 것인지 알아보고자 한다. 예를 들어 "The boat floated down the streams sank"란 Garden Path 문장이 제시된 경우에 독자는 "sank"란 어휘가 제시되기 전까지 "floated"를 동사로 생각하게 되나 다음에 본동사인 "sank"가 제시될 경우 문장의 해석에 혼란을 갖게 될 것이다. 예문에서 "floated"가 문장에서 어떤 역할을 하는지 결정하는 것은 "sank"를 보고서야 가능하다. 이런 구문적 중의성을 해결하는 방식을 알아보기 위해 어절 단위로 제시된 자극을 읽는 자기 조절 읽기 과제(self-paced reading task)를 사용하였다. 각 어절을 읽는데 걸리는 시간을 측정한 실험 결과 GPS, PP, LC 모두 중의성을 지닌 영역이 중의성을 해소한 후와 각각 유형적으로 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 다만 GPS, CGPS, PP와 CPP는 어절 후반으로 갈수록 반응시간이 짧아졌다. 이는 우리나라 사람의 경우 외국어인 영어의 구문 중의성 해소는 구문 분석 단원(syntactic module)에 의한 자동적 처리라기보다 의미를 고려해 가면서 문법지식을 이용해 추론을 통한 구문 분석이라 할 수 있다.에 의한 자동적 처리라기보다 의미를 고려해 가면서 문법지식을 이용해 추론을 통한 구문 분석이라 할 수 있다.많았다(P<0.05).조군인 Group 1에서보다 높은 수준으로 발현되었다. 하지만 $12.5{\;}\mu\textrm{g}/ml$의 T. denticola sonicated 추출물로 전처리한 Group 3에서는 IL-2와 IL-4의 수준이 유의성있게 억제되어 발현되었다 (p < 0.05). 이러한 결과를 통하여 T. denticola에서 추출된 면역억제 단백질이 Th1과 Th2의 cytokine 분비 기능을 억제하는 것으로 확인 되었으며 이 기전이 감염 근관에서 발견되는 T. denticola의 치수 및 치근단 질환에 대한 병인기전과 관련이 있는 것으로 사료된다.을 보였다. 본 실험 결과, $Depulpin^{\circledR}은{\;}Tempcanal^{\circledR}와{\;}Vitapex^{\circledR}$에 비해 높은 세포 독성을 보여주공 있으나, 좀 더 많은 임상적 검증이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 추론할 수 있다.근관벽을 처리하는 것이 필요하다고 사료된다.크기에 의존하며, 또한 이러한 영향은 $(Ti_{1-x}AI_{x})N$ 피막에 존재하는 AI의 함량이 높고, 초기에 증착된 막의 업자 크기가 작을 수록 클 것으로 여겨진다. 그리고 환경의 의미의 차이에 따라 경관의 미학적 평가가 달라진 것으로 나타났다.corner$적 의도에 의한 경관구성의 일면을 확인할수 있지만 엄밀히 생각하여 보면 이러한 예의 경우도 최락의 총체적인 외형은 마찬가지로 $\ulcorner$순응$\lrcorner$의 범위를 벗어나지 않는다. 그렇기 때문에도 $\ulcorner$순응$\lrcorner$과 $\ulcorner$표현$\lrcorner$의 성격과 형태를 외형상으로 더욱이 공간상에서는 뚜렷하게 경계

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2002

Atrial fibrillation(AF). chronic or paroxysmal is the most frequent arrhythmia in human subjects Duration of P wave in signal-averaged electrocardiography(SAECG) reflects intra-atrial conduction time and therefore. could be used as an electrophysiological marker for atrial conduction chance at the earthy stave. So we apply the analysis method using SAECG to diagnose Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation(PAF) . Subjects Participated for the study consisted of two groups: a control group(n=34) of normal healthy volunteers and a group of AF Patients(n=38) with a documented history of PAF but no other history of cardiac disease. We evaluated the effect of several filtering and determination methods to find the starting and ending feints of the P wavy on its duration. To increase the measurement reliability of P wave duration. the automatic detection method was proposed. Also. to increase the detection rate for PAF risk, the decision threshold value was optimized using receiver operation characteristics(ROC) curve. Results showed that the highest statistical difference (p〈0.001) of the P wane duration between controls and subjects was obtained at the Processing condition, using absolute threshold vague(8.75 $\mu N$) , a least mean square(LMS) high pass filter and 30 Hz cutoff frequency. The most outstanding difference(sensitivity 88 % specificity 64.4 %) between controls and subjects was obtained at the decision threshold value of 112 ms.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.107-118
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• 2022

In this study, daily data from January 2002 to June 2022 were used to investigate the relationship between risk-return relationship and market fear, uncertainty, stock market, and maritime freight index for the crude oil market. For this study, the time varying EGARCH-M model was applied to the risk-return relationship, and the wavelet consistency model was used to analyze the relationship between market fear, uncertainty, stock market, and maritime freight index. The analysis results of this study are as follows. First, according to the results of the time-varying risk-return relationship, the crude oil market was found to be related to high returns and high risks. Second, the results of correlation and Granger causality test, it was found that there was a weak correlation between the risk-return relationship and VIX, EPU, S&P500, and BDI. In addition, it was found that there was no two-way causal relationship in the risk-return relationship with EPU and S&P500, but VIX and BDI were found to affect the risk-return relationship. Third, looking at the results of wavelet coherence, it was found that the degree of the risk-return relationship and the relationship between VIX, EPU, S&P500, and BDI was time-varying. In particular, it was found that the relationship between each other was high before and after the crisis period (financial crisis, COVID-19). And it was found to be highly associated with organs. In addition, the risk-return relationship was found to have a positive relationship with VIX and EPU, and a negative relationship with S&P500 and BDI. Therefore, market participants should be well aware of economic environmental changes when making decisions.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.143-158
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to suggest a direction for enhancing the mutual trust level between employees and managers by examining the effect of job satisfaction of electric power companies's employees and performance-oriented remuneration paid to them on awareness level of organizational justice and a trust in manager. Based on a significant positive relationship between employee's job satisfaction and trust in a manager, a significant positive relationship between employee's job satisfaction and perception of organizational justice, and a positive relationship between organizational justice and trust in manager, it was possible to confirm the mediating role of organizational justice between job satisfaction and a trust in manager. In addition, although performance-oriented remuneration did not have a significant effect on trust in manager directly, it was found to have a significant negative effect on distributive justice and procedural justice, but for interactional justice did not appear to have a significant influence. Because the autonomy of the labor budget is quite limited due to the government's total regulation on the size of the labor budget for public enterprises and due to the government's evaluation of management of public enterprises, it can be explained as having a negative effect on the perception of organizational justice. In addition, since the partial mediating effect of distributive justice and interactional justice was confirmed in the relationship between job satisfaction and trust in manager, the mediating effect of procedural justice was insignificant, it was confirmed that the need to establish and operate an internal HR management system based on smooth communication that employees can satisfy and accept can have a significant impact on trust in manager. On the other hand, because the negative complete mediating effect of distributive justice and procedural justice between performance-oriented remuneration and trust in manager was significantly confirmed, It is showing that employees' negative perceptions of performance distribution procedures and distribution results had a negative effect on trust in manager. The results of this study suggest that employees will perceive the organization as fair, and trust the manager who is the decision maker, when they are fully rewarded for their performance, with job satisfaction, a fair evaluation of their efforts, even if there are various factors that can influence managers to be trusted by their employees.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.3 s.74
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• pp.145-157
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• 2004

The cycle length design model of the Korean traffic responsive signal control systems is devised to vary a cycle length as a response to changes in traffic demand in real time by utilizing parameters specified by a system operator and such field information as degrees of saturation of through phases. Since no explicit guideline is provided to a system operator, the system tends to include ambiguity in terms of the system optimization. In addition, the cycle lengths produced by the existing model have yet been verified if they are comparable to the ones minimizing delay. This paper presents the studies conducted (1) to find shortcomings embedded in the existing model by comparing the cycle lengths produced by the model against the ones minimizing delay and (2) to propose a new direction to design a cycle length minimizing delay and excluding such operator oriented parameters. It was found from the study that the cycle lengths from the existing model fail to minimize delay and promote intersection operational conditions to be unsatisfied when traffic volume is low, due to the feature of the changed target operational volume-to-capacity ratio embedded in the model. The 64 different neural network based cycle length design models were developed based on simulation data surrogating field data. The CORSIM optimal cycle lengths minimizing delay were found through the COST software developed for the study. COST searches for the CORSIM optimal cycle length minimizing delay with a heuristic searching method, a hybrid genetic algorithm. Among 64 models, the best one producing cycle lengths close enough to the optimal was selected through statistical tests. It was found from the verification test that the best model designs a cycle length as similar pattern to the ones minimizing delay. The cycle lengths from the proposed model are comparable to the ones from TRANSYT-7F.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.79-109
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• 2011

In his highly cited book, Innovator's Dilemma (1997), Christensen introduced a notion of disruptive technology that is based on the observations from disk-drive industry and used it as an explanatory variable through which new entrants outperform incumbents in the industry. In explaining his later observations of disruptive innovations in other industries, however, his early theory based on disruptive technology has been applied to all cases without careful distinction between the notions of technology and business model (Markides, 2006). Furthermore, it has been criticized that his model suffers from lack of enough explanatory power and other important factors that are necessary to fully explain the observed phenomena in various cases (Danneels, 2004). Motivated by the critics in literature, the current study carefully distinguishes between innovation of technology and innovation of business model in the process of disruptive innovation, and apply our framework to the case of internet shopping mall business. Our study yields two main results. First, the internet-related business model which Christensen argued as an example of disruptive innovation is accomplished through two distinctive and separable growth phases: a period of technology growth and a period of business model growth. Second, in the process of disruptive innovation, the notion of enabling technology plays an important bridging role that connects core technology and business model. Furthermore, we confirm that the success of business model innovation depends on the degree of maturity of the enabling technologies. In conclusion, Christensen's notion of disruptive innovation can be further detailed in terms of technology innovation and business model innovation, and if there exist enabling technologies, the chance of success of the business model is higher when the enabling technology is matured rather than when the core technology is merely acknowledged as a disruptive technology.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.214-220
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• 2001

The clinical application of the three-dimensional radiographic technique had been limited to standard Broadbent-Bolton cephalometer with biplanar stereoradiography. We developed a new method for compensating the error of head position in ordinary non-biplanar cephalostat. It became to possible to use the three dimensional cephalogram commonly in clinical bases. 1. The method of methemetical compensation of head positioning error in non-biplanar condition was evaluated with dry skull. The error of the method of first and the second trial was $0.46{\pm}1.21$, $0.33{\pm}0.90mm$, which means the error of the head positioning correction in conventional cephalogram was within clinical acceptance. 2. The reproducibility of this system for clinical application was 0.54 mm ($-2.99{\sim}2.26mm$) which defines the absolute mean difference of the first and second trial. Compare to the The landmark identification error $1.2{\pm}1.6mm$, the error of the measurement was within the range of landmark identification error. The result indicates the adequate clinical accuracy of the computation of three-dimensional coordinates by compensation of the error of the head position in ordinary non-biplanar cephalostat.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.137-166
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• 2010

A virtual team is defined a group of people that use electronic communications for some or all of their interactions with other team members. Because team members of a virtual team are physically and temporally distributed, a team's transactive memory system(TMS) is considered to be crucial for the team's effectiveness and performance. TMS refers to a set of individual memory systems which integrate knowledge possessed by particular members through a shared awareness of who knows what. This paper seeks to understand (1) how a virtual team's TMS influences team performance, and (2) what factors contribute to developing the team's TMS. Given these purposes, through the extensive literature review, we first identified components and antecedents to develop a theoretical model that predicts a virtual team's performance. Using the survey data gathered from 172 virtual teams, this study found that expertise location, coordination, and cognition-based trust which were proposed as three components of TMS positively influenced a virtual team's performance. Furthermore, this study uncovered that perceived media richness, network tie strength, and shared norms significantly influenced the components of TMS, while geographical dispersion did not exert any significant influence on TMS.