The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies (한국전자거래학회지)

Society for e-Business Studies (한국전자거래학회)
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Transactive Memory System of a Virtual Team : Theoretical Exploration and Empirical Examination

가상 팀의 교류활성기억 시스템과 팀 성과의 관계 : 가상 팀 속성을 선행요인으로

  • 신경식 (이화여자 대학교, 경영대학) ;
  • 서아영 (이화여자 대학교, 경영대학)
  • Received : 2010.04.22
  • Accepted : 2010.05.14
  • Published : 2010.05.31
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Abstract

A virtual team is defined a group of people that use electronic communications for some or all of their interactions with other team members. Because team members of a virtual team are physically and temporally distributed, a team's transactive memory system(TMS) is considered to be crucial for the team's effectiveness and performance. TMS refers to a set of individual memory systems which integrate knowledge possessed by particular members through a shared awareness of who knows what. This paper seeks to understand (1) how a virtual team's TMS influences team performance, and (2) what factors contribute to developing the team's TMS. Given these purposes, through the extensive literature review, we first identified components and antecedents to develop a theoretical model that predicts a virtual team's performance. Using the survey data gathered from 172 virtual teams, this study found that expertise location, coordination, and cognition-based trust which were proposed as three components of TMS positively influenced a virtual team's performance. Furthermore, this study uncovered that perceived media richness, network tie strength, and shared norms significantly influenced the components of TMS, while geographical dispersion did not exert any significant influence on TMS.

가상 팀은 구성원들이 지리적으로 떨어져 있고 기술로 매개된 환경하에서 주로 협업하기 때문에 대면접촉을 위주로 하는 전통적인 팀에 비하여 팀의 교류활성기억 시스템 (Transactive Memory System：TMS) 구축이 더욱 중요한 것으로 간주되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 TMS 이론을 중심으로 이론적 고찰 및 선행 변수를 탐색함으로써, 가상 팀의 효과적인운영을 위한 학문적 실무적 시사점을 제공하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 문헌조사를 통하여 가상 팀의 성과를 예측하는 이론적 모형을 개발하였다. 먼저 TMS를 구성하는 세가지 요인, 즉 (1) 전문성 파악, (2) 업무조정, (3) 인지기반 신뢰를 도출하였다. 그리고 TMS의 선행변인으로는 (1) 지각된 매체 풍부성, (2) 네트워크 연결강도, (3) 공유된 규범, (4) 지리적 거리등을 도출하였다. 제시된 이론적 모형을 검증하기 위하여 179개의 가상 팀을 대상으로 경로분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 가상 팀의 TMS를 구성하는 세가지 요인, 전문성 파악, 업무조정, 인지기반 신뢰는 가상 팀의 성과를 예측하는 결정적인 요인인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 TMS의 선행변인으로 제시된 지각된 매체 풍부성은 인지기반 신뢰에 유의한 정의 영향을 미치며, 네트워크 연결강도는 업무조정과 인지기반 신뢰에 유의한 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 공유된 규범은 가상 팀의 교류활성기억시스템 구성 요인 세 가지 모두에 유의한 정의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 예상과 달리, 구성원들 간의 지리적 거리는 TMS 세 가지 구성 요소 모두에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다.

Keywords

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