• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.12-24
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze design characteristics of Korean War Memorials(KWM) in the United States(KWMUS). Through site survey and internet searching, the researcher selected 25 KWMUS and analyzed four analysis categories: design concept, spatial form, landscape details, and sculptures. The results are as follows: 1. The analysis revealed that main concepts of KWMUS were to cherish victims of the Korean War, show membership/locality/patriotism, express feelings and the meaning of war, and explain the Korean War realistically and symbolically. 2. Most KWMUS in memorial parks and plazas were designed to pursue the completion of each memorial assuming the form of typical and symmetrical circles and squares. Also, spatial order including spatial sequence was seen in some of KWMUS. 3. Stone walls, stone monument, flags, emblems and paving were used as main landscape details. The map of the Korean peninsula and Taegeuk were often introduced to symbolize Korea and the Korean War, and the symbolic phrase, 'Forgotten War' or 'Freedom is Not Free' were written on the stone to keep the Korean War in the minds of Americans. 4. Sculptures were used as important media to represent the Korean War in a variety of ways. Most of them were formed realistically, except for a few sculptures that aimed to represent the Korean War symbolically and narratively. In particular, the sculptures in Washington D.C. KWVM and Minnesota KWM were remarkable as symbolic media of war memorials in contemporary society. Further study will be required to analyze comparatively KWM in Korea and the U.S. and to understand characteristics of KWM in the point of design style.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.7
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• pp.368-378
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• 2020

This paper analyzed how the characteristics of 'punctum' and 'studium' in war documentary photography work on the audience through 'D-DAY' photographs taken by Robert Kappa and a U.S. army photographer. As a method of research, we conducted interviews with the audience to examine the process of expressing the punctum and studium experiences. Studies have shown that audiences feel a greater punctum experience in war documentary photographs of 'Robert Capa' than those of U.S. army photographers. Even if the same situation was taken in the same place, the audience could confirm that the photo could be a means of distortion because it did not show reality in various ways depending on the photographer who took it. This study is meaningful in that it revealed the distortion of war documentary photography and the audience's punctum experience by examining the audience's experience of war documentary photography through qualitative research.

• Iberoamérica
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.1-54
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• 2021

On December 29, 1996, the Guatemala government and guerrilla group "Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemala: URNG" signed the "Guatemalan Peace Agreement," ending the civil war that lasted in Guatemala for 36 years (1960-1996). During the 36-year civil war, 200,000 people were killed or missing, and 400,000 Guatemalans fled Guatemala as a result of the civil war. In June 1954, with the help of the United States, Carlos Castillo Armas (1954-1957) coup d'état in Guatemala overthrew the then government of Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán (1950-1954). Armas later became president of Guatemala. Armas was assassinated in 1957, and a 36-year civil war began in 1958 when Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes (1958-1963), a conservative, was elected president. Armas later became president of Guatemala. Armas was assassinated in 1957, and a 36-year civil war began in 1958 when Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes (1958-1963), a conservative, was elected president. Idygoras was rated as America's puppet president for the benefit of American corporations. Although Guatemala's 36-year civil war began with the government of Idigoras, more fundamentally, the 1954 coup d'état was the cause of the 36-year civil war. The purpose of this study is to examine the background and characteristics of the 1954 coup in Guatemala.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.10 no.3 s.27
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• pp.229-238
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• 2006

During World War II there was a statistical analysis conducted by the Allied analysts to estimate the German war productions, including their tank productions. This article revisits the analysis of the tank productions as a classroom activity format. Various reformed ideas are proposed in order to enhance students' perspectives of the point estimation. Comprehensive simulation works and actual classroom discussions will be provided along with the theoretical investigations.

• Digital Contents
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• no.6 s.121
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• pp.34-36
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• 2003

정보통신부는 1/4분기 디지털콘텐츠 대상에 영구아트의 'D-WAR', 아리수미디어의 '아리수 한글', 엔파인의 '아이클릭아트'를 선정했다.영상부문 수상작인 영구아트의 D-WAR는 개그맨 심형래씨가 제작중인 컴퓨터그래픽을 가미한 SF영화로, 지난 99년 제작에 들어가 내년 7월 전 세계에서 개봉될 예정이다. 엔파인의 '아이클릭아트'는 광고, 웹, 출판, 인쇄, 팬시, 교육 등에 사용되는 다양한 포토, 이미지, 클립아트, 캐릭터 등을 제공하는 디지털 이미지 포탈사이트(www.iclickart.co.kr)로 지난해 11월 미국에 수출돼 50만달러의 실적을 올리고 있다

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.243-258
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• 2021

By using the trade in value-added(TiVA) database and employing social network analysis, this paper analyzes changes in global trade to be triggered by the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the US-China trade war. The main results are summarized as follows. First, the BRI will help maintain China's core position as the world's manufacturing hub, and will strengthen Europe's service industry capabilities within the global value chain(GVC) network. Second, the US R&D industry, US wholesale and retail industries, and Germany's automobile industry were considered the most influential industries in the GVC network during the 1995-2011 period, and will retain their status until 2049, when the US-China trade war and the BRI are reflected. Third, the increase of the number of communities shows that the BRI might spur fragmentation of the production process. Finally, community structures of inter-industry trade relations, including China's electronics industry, Germany's automobile industry, and US R&D, show important features that are related to the competiveness of each country's service industries.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.29
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• pp.209-241
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• 2012

Is a failed blockbuster film? Is there no room for reconsideration of the value of the film in terms of its contents and forms? The purpose of this study is to answer these questions. In 2007, SHIM Hyung-rae's was in the limelight due to the nationalist discourse around the film rather than evaluation of the film itself. In terms of its narrative and formal properties, the film showed the difference from the Korean nationalist blockbuster films. It led to the disaccord and hard-to-understand results of having somewhat disappointed box-office success of 8,500,000 audiences in comparison to the input, of receiving well by a generous part of the audiences absorbed by nationalism, and of getting the critics' cynic criticism of the film's cinematic value. Eventually only provided the cultural battlefield of nationalism, was left as an unnoticed film in the realm of industry and criticism. However, it was interesting that there was a common ground between the film's supporters and the cynic critics. Both sides were being acknowledged that the spectacle of was way out of proportion to the degree that the spectacle was unbalanced with the story unfolding, achieved more than expected. Its spectacle overwhelming the narrative enfever a few audiences, and at the same time, it provided some reasons making critics face away from the film. In this context, the purpose of this study is to examine 's aesthetics that 'the spectacle dominating narrative' or 'the narrative as a pretext for showing spectacle,' leading to discussion of artistic/theoretical/critical value and to find out cinematic value of the film being regarded as a failure. In addition, this study is significant in that it suggests that is a new kind of moving image that it cannot be analyzed with existed critical methods of narrative film criticism; as a result, this study provides the chance to be evaluated through a new conceptual frame of the film. In order to grasp the narratological aesthetics, this study focuses on the concept of trickality that Andre Gaudreault suggests, and Tom Gunning's 'the cinema of attractions,' referring to the spectacle-oriented narrativity or the mode of production displaying the spectacle more than the narrative.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.23
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• pp.71-90
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• 2020

The scientific analysis of a 'F-51D Mustang Fighter'(Registered Cultural Heritage 666), one of the War Memorial of Korean collections, was carried out. The paint layer and canopy were discolored due to a constant outdoor exhibit. The results obtained through the scientific survey and analysis processes were intended to be used as basic data for the future dismantling and restoration of the fighter. The analysis results for the pigment components have confirmed red oxide of iron, Fe₂O₃ organic pigments, such as Cobalt Blue, phthalocyanine blue, etc., yellow PbCrO₄, white TiO₂, black Fe₃O₄, and gray Fe₃O₄ + TiO₂. It has been also confirmed that Alkyd resin was mainly used for painting. The fighter's canopy was Poly methyl methacrylate(PMMA), and Al was detected as the main component of the fighter body, wings, and tails.

• Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.86-104
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• 2005

During the 'Cold War', DoD had focused on the high performance and timely acquisition which enabled quick field out the superior weapons than the enemy regardless of acquisition cost. But, after the cold war, the focus has been changed to the 'cost effective acquisition' of weapon systems because of tremendous investment cost & economic theory. The U.S. DoD has been tried to make 'the most effective acquisition system'(AR, Acquisition Reform) from mid-80's with their enough experienced program data, and as a result, they had launched the new acquisition procedure - DoD 5000 series - in 1996. DoD is continuously doing the study and making several improvements on the procedure after it had been once announced. On Oct 30. 2002, DoD noticed that they cancelled the DoD 5000 series documents(5000.1, 5000.2, 5000.2-R) and 5000.2-R will be reissued as a guide. The most recent version which focused on 1) evolutionary acquisition and spiral development, 2) procedure for future technology systems including software and IT, 3) supplement on the area of efficiency, flexibility, creativity and innovation of old system was issued by May 12. 2003. This article suggests a 'good idea' based on the reviewing of these DoD efforts for our defense acquisition regulation and procedure to go. It includes the CAIV concept application, IPT utilization, T&E method, cost or price based contract etc-all for the effective acquisition.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.390-400
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• 2022

Military deception is an action executed to deliberately mislead enemy's decision by deceiving friendly forces intention. In the lessons learned from war history, deception appears to be a critical factor in the battlefield for successful operations. As training using war-game simulation is growing more important, it is become necessary to implement military deception in war-game model. However, there is no logics or rules proven to be effective for CGF(Computer Generated Forces) to conduct deception behavior automatically. In this study, we investigate methodologies for CGF to learn and conduct military deception using Reinforcement Learning. The key idea of the research is to define a new criterion called a "deception index" which defines how agent learn the action of deception considering both their own combat objectives and deception objectives. We choose Korea Marine Corps Amphibious Demonstrations to show applicability of our methods. The study has an unique contribution as the first research that describes method of implementing deception behavior.