• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.54 no.5
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• pp.1483-1504
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• 2017

We consider weak solutions of the instationary Navier-Stokes system in a smooth bounded domain ${\Omega}{\subset}{\mathbb{R}}^3$ with initial value $u_0{\in}L^2_{\sigma}({\Omega})$. It is known that a weak solution is a local strong solution in the sense of Serrin if $u_0$ satisfies the optimal initial value condition $u_0{\in}B^{-1+3/q}_{q,s_q}$ with Serrin exponents $s_q$ > 2, q > 3 such that ${\frac{2}{s_q}}+{\frac{3}{q}}=1$. This result has recently been generalized by the authors to weighted Serrin conditions such that u is contained in the weighted Serrin class ${{\int}_0^T}({\tau}^{\alpha}{\parallel}u({\tau}){\parallel}_q)^s$ $d{\tau}$ < ${\infty}$ with ${\frac{2}{s}}+{\frac{3}{q}}=1-2{\alpha}$, 0 < ${\alpha}$ < ${\frac{1}{2}}$. This regularity is guaranteed if and only if $u_0$ is contained in the Besov space $B^{-1+3/q}_{q,s}$. In this article we consider the limit case of initial values in the Besov space $B^{-1+3/q}_{q,{\infty}}$ and in its subspace ${{\circ}\atop{B}}^{-1+3/q}_{q,{\infty}}$ based on the continuous interpolation functor. Special emphasis is put on questions of uniqueness within the class of weak solutions.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.247-253
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• 2014

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of colored zirconia with different coloring liquids. Methods: Total 30 specimens were prepared. Specimens were classified into 6 groups: IPS e.max Ceram(P), Uncolored zirconia(C), VITA In-Ceram$^{(R)}$2000 YZ LL1(L), Zirkonzahn coloring liquid(Z), Wieland coloring liquid(W), and Kuwotech coloring liquid(K). Four different types of zirconia coloring liquid, VITA In-Ceram$^{(R)}$ 2000 YZ LL1(VITA Zahnfabrik, Germany), Zirkonzahn coloring liquid(Zirkonzahn, Italy), Wieland coloring liquid(Wieland, Germany), Kuwotech coloring liquid(Kuwotech, Korea) were used to fabricate colored zirconia by using infiltrating method and then completely sintered. The color of the all specimens was measured using the spectrophotometer(CM-2600d, Konica Minolta, Japan) and expressed in terms of the 3-coordinated values(CIE $L^*a^*b^*$). Color differences were calculated using the equation $${\Delta}E^*=[({\Delta}L^*)^2+({\Delta}a^*)^2+({\Delta}b^*)^2]^{1/2}$$. Results: $L^*a^*b^*$ values of the colored zirconia were affected by the coloring liquids. The uncolored zirconia(C) group showed the highest $L^*$ value and zirkonzahn coloring liquid(Z) group showed the lowest $L^*$ value. Zirkonzahn coloring liquid(Z) showed the highest $a^*$ value and VITA In-Ceram 2000 YZ LL1(L) group showed the highest $b^*$ value. Generally, the color difference(${\Delta}E^*$) in all groups showed higher than 3.7 except between IPS e.max Ceram(P) and wieland coloring liquid(W) group. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, various coloring liquids influenced the $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ values of colored zirconia. IPS e.max Ceram(P) and wieland coloring liquid(W) group did not show clinically perceiving color difference.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.71-80
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• 2008

Objectives : The 7-zonediagnostic system is a diagnostic device to predetermine bodily locations by measuring the energy of body. This study was to investigate the relation between the different patterns of Zone 4 of Factor AA in VEGA DFM 722 (VEGA, Germany), 7-zone-diagnositic system and heart rate variability. Methods : We made three groups according to the Factor AA patterns of VEGA DFM 722. The Factor AA pattern of Group A is that the red bar graph of zone 4 was higher than the normal range. The Factor AA patterns of Group B was that the red bar graph of zone 4 was located at the normal range. The Factor AA patterns of Group C was that the red bar graph of zone 4 was lower than the normal range. We investigated how to difference of the index of heart rate variability(HRV, LX-3202, LAXTHA, Korea) according to each groups. Results : Complexity, HRV-index, RMSSD, SDSD values of Group B were higher than other Groups. pNN50 values of Group B were lower than other groups. And Ln(TP), Ln(VLF), Ln(LF), Ln(HF) values of Group B were higher than other groups. Conclusions : We presumed that Group B was healthier than other groups for the stress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.14-22
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• 2008

The CH* chemiluminescence of premixed flames and their dependency on fuel types has been experimentally investigated on laminar methane and propane premixed flames. The measured chemiluminescence intensities are observed linearly proportional to the fuel flow rate, which could be interpreted as the CH* chemiluminescence signal is linearly proportional to the heat release rate under fuel lean conditions. The effect of equivalence ratio could be expressed by an exponential function as ${I_{CH*}}^{\propto}\;a_1\;{\exp}(b_1{\Phi})$, where $a_1\;=\;0.00054$ and $b_1\;=\;4.60$ for methane and $a_1\;=\;0.0056$ and $b_1\;=\;5.02$ for propane. Oscillating flames showed the temporal fluctuation of chemiluminescence intensity: however, the time averaged values are virtually identical to those of quiescent flames under the same fuel flow rate and equivalence ratio conditions. This observation suggests that there is no significant flame stretch effect on chemiluminescence intensity, in average values.

• MALSORI
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• no.67
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• pp.33-60
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• 2008

The aim of this study is to show the differences in acoustic parameters between a pathological voice /a/ caused by vocal polyp and a normal voice /a/ produced after LMS (Laryngeal Microscopic Surgery). It was expected that voices of two kinds could be analyzed effectively in terms of HNR in specific frequency bands than in all frequency bands. For this study, 10 patients' voice were recorded before and after LMS and then were manipulated in terms of four acoustic parameter. It was found out that (a) frequency bands of 500Hz in the range of 1,000Hz to 4,000Hz were very useful to obtain HNR values; (b) frequency bands in the range of 1,248Hz to 5,500Hz on a log scale were very useful to obtain HNR values; (c) F0 dropped after LMS but not significantly; (d) the bandwidth of the second formant (B2) decreased significantly after LMS, while that of the first formant (B1) decreased after LMS but not significantly.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07e
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• pp.2368-2370
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• 1999

A nationwide survey for electric and magnetic fields(EMFs) near overhead transmission lines has been conducted. The median values of the electric and magnetic fields of 208 transmission lines were 0.50 kV/m and 12.6 mG, respectively. The maximum values were 3.16 kV/m and 125 mG. The measured EMFs were compared with the calculated ones. The causes of the discrepancy between measured and calculated EMFs are also discussed.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.641-652
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• 2015

In this paper we study the problem of normal families of meromorphic functions concerning shared values. Let F be a family of meromorphic functions in the plane domain $D{\subseteq}{\mathbb{C}}$ and n, k be two positive integers such that $n{\geq}k+1$, and let a, b be two finite complex constants such that $a{\neq}0$. Suppose that (1) $f+a(f^{(k)})^n$ and $g+a(g^{(k)})^n$ share b in D for every pair of functions f, $g{\in}F$; (2) All zeros of f have multiplicity at least k + 2 and all poles of f have multiplicity at least 2 for each $f{\in}F$ in D; (3) Zeros of $f^{(k)}(z)$ are not the b points of f(z) for each $f{\in}F$ in D. Then F is normal in D. And some examples are provided to show the result is sharp.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.111-113
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• 1997

A simple proof for the special case of the McMillan and Pommerenke Theorem on the asymptotic values of meromorphic functions without Koebe arcs is derived from the author's result on the boundary behavior of meromorphic functions without Koebe arcs.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.105-111
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• 2005

Mannasantin B, a dilignan structurally related to manssantin A, is an inhibitor of NF-${\kappa}B$ transactivation. In the present study, we found that it inhibited PMA-induced expression of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ mRNA, and IL-$1{\beta}$ promoter activity in U937 cells with $IC_{50}$ values of about 50 nM. It also inhibited NF-IL6- and NF-${\kappa}B$-induced activation of IL-$1{\beta}$, with $IC_{50}$ values of 78 nM and $1.6{\mu}M$, respectively, revealing a potent inhibitory effect on NF-IL6. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that manassantin B had an inhibitory effect on DNA binding by NF-IL6, but not by NF-${\kappa}B$. Further analysis revealed that transactivation by NF-IL6 was also inhibited. Our results indicate that manassantin B suppresses expression of IL-$1{\beta}$ in promonocytic cells by inhibiting not only NF-${\kappa}B$ but also NF-IL6 activity. Furthermore, our observations suggest that manassantin B may be clinically useful as a potent inhibitor of NF-IL6 activity.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.273-277
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• 2004

Variation in the size of the silk filament will determine the uniformity and quality of the silk reeled. In the present study, an attempt has been made to study the filament size variation in 6 multivoltine parental breeds and 9 multivoltine ${\times}$ bivoltine hybrids in all three seasons of a year. All multivoltine breeds and multivoltine ${\times}$ bivoltine hybrids showed variation in filament size throughout its length from the outer layer to inner layer. Results of the present study indicated that the size of the filament decreased from outer to inner layer. The decrease in filament size was sudden in some breeds/hybrids whereas it was gradual in other. Relationship between filament length to that of slope, average filament size to slope, and maximum filament size to slope was determined based on regression analysis. Regression analysis revealed significant positive correlation between slope vs average filament length (r=0.92$^{**}$) in multivoltine${\times}$bivoltine hybrids. Among parental breeds, 96C showed lowest slope of the curve (b-value: -0.00428) and 96A showed highest slope of the curve (b-value: -0.00269). Among 9 hybrids, PM${\times}$N $B_4$ $D_2$ recorded lowest slope value (b-value: -0.00328) and BL24${\times}$N $B_4$ $D_2$ showed highest value for slope of the curve (b-value: -0.00234). The breed 96C, which showed lowest slope value can be utilized for future breeding programmes to breed strains with less size deviation. Three multivoltine${\times}$bivoltine hybrids viz., PM${\times}$N $B_4$ $D_2$, 96E${\times}$CSR19 and BL67${\times}$CS $R_{101}$ , which showed less slope values (b-values: -0.00328, -0.00300 and -0.00297 respectively) can be utilized for commercial exploitation to produce uniform silk.k.