• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Developmental Biology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.121-121
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• 2003

The standard protocol for the production of transgenic mouse from ES-injected embryo has to process via chimera producing and several times breeding steps, In contrast, tetraploid-ES cell complementation method allows the immediate generation of targeted murine mutants from genetically modified ES cell clones. The advantage of this advanced technique is a simple and efficient without chimeric intermediates. Recently, this method has been significantly improved through the discovery that ES cells derived from hybrid strains support the development of viable ES mice more efficiently than inbred ES cells do. Therefore, the objective of this study was to generate transgenic mice overexpressing human resistin gene by using tetrapioid-ES cell complementation method. Human resistin gene was amplified from human fetal liver cDNA library by PCR and cloned into pCR 2.1 TOPO T-vector and constructed in pCMV-Tag4C vector. Human resistin mammalian expression plasmid was transfected into D3-GL ES cells by lipofectamine 2000, and then after 8~10 days of transfection, the human resistin-expressing cells were selected with G418. In order to produce tetraploid embryos, blastomeres of diploid embryos at the two-cell stage were fused with two times of electric pulse using 60 V 30 $\mu$sec. (fusion rate : 93.5%) and cultured upto the blastocyst stage (development rate : 94.6%). The 15~20 previously G418-selected ES cells were injected into tetraploid blastocysts, and then transferred into the uterus of E2.5d pseudopregnant recipient mice. To investigate the gestation progress, two El9.5d fetus were recovered by Casarean section and one fetus was confirmed to contain human resistin gene by genomic DNA-PCR. Therefore, this finding demonstrates that tetraploid-ES mouse technology can be considered as a useful tool to produce transgenic mouse for the rapid analysis of gene function in vivo.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.111-124
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• 2005

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of psycho-social factors on smoking especially the impact of a social support and stress on smoking among boy's high school students. Methods: This study was conducted by administering a questionnaire to 442 boys' high school students living in Deajeon, Korea. This data were analyzed with the SPSS statistical package using t-test and logistic regression. Major findings of this study are as follows: Results: 1. Analysis of the relationship of smoking, stress and social support: The relationship between stress and smoking and between friend's support and smoking had a positive correlation. But the relationship between parents' support and smoking and between teacher's support and smoking had a negative correlation. 2. Multiple logistic analysis of the impact of stress, social support and general characteristics on smoking: The relationship between stress and smoking had a positive correlation as social support and general characteristics were controlled. In contrast, the relationship between social support -parents', friend's, teacher's support- and smoking had no significant correlations as stress and general characteristics were controlled. The risk factors of smoking of boy's high school students were smoking friends, drinking, a type of school, pocket money per month, and stress. And the most powerful predictor of smoking was smoking friends(OR=12.35). Conclusions: The results showed that the variables affecting mainly on smoking were the personal background -smoking friends, drinking, a type of school, pocket money per month- and stress. Therefore, these findings give useful information for constructing a program against smoking or educating about smoking.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.45-59
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• 2013

Purpose : This study was designed to investigate the satisfaction of clinical practice for in the occupational therapy department and to provide the basic materials for improvement the curriculum of clinical practice. Method : This research period was from May 10. 2012 to May 31. 2012. And the subject of was were belonging to occupational therapy department who finished clinical practice. Results : The research result is as following. As for the satisfaction of the clinical practice, the average point was 3.16 for 5, which was regular satisfaction. The satisfaction of clinical practice content point was 3.47 for 5. In detail, the item of 'clinical practice made us a new experience in relation to curriculum at college' scored 4.01, the highest. By contrast, the internal conflict during the clinical practice scored 2.63. In detail, the answer "I didn't feel sorry for failing this training" scored 2.4, which scored lowest. Conclusions : As the result of this research, students have feel the clinical training is the significant process for being a occupational therapist, and they also have satisfy what they experienced. And we can also tell that some of them have trouble because of the gap between the theory and clinical practice. To improve these problems, students should have confidences by preparing their clinical practice and external voluntary. Furthermore, for better clinical practice, we hope that the study on preparations for clinical practice will continue.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.41-56
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• 2010

Purpose: To compare and analyze current state of domestic and foreign educational program to develop a program and provide basic information for qualitative improvement of the program. Method: Referred to records and used various methods as searching on the Internet. Analyzing methods and standards are as follow : 1) As for the current status of domestic educational program, find out about organizations that conduct the program 2) As for the current status of foreign program, find out about United States, Canada and United Kingdom. 3) As for comparison and analysis, find out about curriculum, subject, the number of people, content, cost and time. Results: In comparison and analysis of subjects and program, United States, Canada and U. K. specified the subjects according to occupations to offer various programs appropriate for special occupational situations whereas domestic program only provide education of CPR and usage of AED. Foreign countries provide sufficient time from 5.5 to 40 hours according to occupations. In contrast, Korea only provide 2-4 hours of educations, which is insufficient to master techniques of first aid. In addition, foreign countries precisely regulate organizations that fulfill the qualification and specific guidelines for content of education. However, Korea doesn't have any standards of qualification or guidelines. Discussion: It is necessary to specify first aid education according to occupations to provide diverse programs. Furthermore, it is necessary to establish nationwide regulations for subjects and content of the programs of the first responder.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2013

The study focuses on the quality assessment of Black Bengal buck semen preserved at chilled condition. In this in vitro trial, collected semen from Black Bengal bucks was preserved at chilling temperature ($4{\sim}5^{\circ}C$) in tris-glucosecitrate yolk medium of 1:5 ratios for four days. Artificial Vagina (AV) method was utilized to collect semen from buck. General evaluation of semen includes the color, mass activity and density were measured by direct visual examination. However, computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and phase contrast microscopy were used to figure out the motility (%), hyper-activated (HYP) motility (%) and number of abnormal spermatozoa (%) initially, and at every 24 h intervals. The result revealed that spermatozoa preserved at chilling temperature showed significantly (P<0.05) lower motility and HYP motility with the progression of preservation. The number of phenotypically abnormal spermatozoa significantly (P<0.05) increased following preservation. Although significant positive correlation (r=0.945; P<0.05) was existed between % motile and % HYP motile spermatozoa however, the % of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa was negatively correlated with % motile (r=-0.997; P<0.05) and % HYP motile spermatozoa (r=-0.946; P<0.01). Therefore, we concluded that the quality of chilled semen progressively losses its viability and doesn't remain useable after certain period of preservation with respect to its motility and morphology.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 1997

Because of the sharp increase of its export and import container cargo volumes contrast to the lack of related Container Terminal facility, equipment and inefficient procedure, there is now heavy container cargo congestions in Pusan Container Terminal. As a result of such a situation, many container ships avoid their calls into Pusan port. This is a major cause that in tum kads to weakening intemational competitiveness of the Korean industry. This study, therefore, aims are to make a quantitative analysis of Container Terminal System through the computer simulation, especially focusing on its 4 sub-system of a handling system, 'it is checked whether the current operation is being performed effectively through the computer simulation. The overall findings are as folIows; Firstly, average tonnage of the ships visiting the BCTOC was 32,360 G/T in from January '96, to may '96. The average arrival interval and service time of container ships at BCTOC are 5.63 hours and 18.67 hours respectively. Ship's arrival and service pattern at BCTOC was exponential distribution with 95% confidence and Erlang-4 distribution with 99% confidence. Secondly, average waiting time and number of ships was 9.9 hours, 235 ships(38%) among 620 ships. Number of stevedoring container per ship was average 747.7 TED, standard deviation 379.1 TEU and normal distribution with 99% confidence. Thirdly, from the fact that the average storage days of containers at BCTOC are 2.75 days (3.0 days when import, 2.5 days when export). it is founds that most containers were transfered to the off-dock storage areas with the free periods(5 days when import, 4 days when export), the reason for which is considered to be the insufficient storage area at BCTOC. Fourthly, in the case of gate in-out at BCTOC, occupied containers and emptied containers are 89% and 11% respectively in the gate-in, 75% and 25% seperately in the gate-out. Finally, from the quantitative analysis results for container terminal at BCTOC, ship's average wating time of ships was found to be 20.77 hours and berth occupancy rate(${\rho}$) was 0.83. 5~6 berths were required in order that the berth occupancy rate(${\rho}$) may be maintained up to 60% degree.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.165-172
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• 2004

Ginseng is traditionally cultivated worldwide in cold continental climates. It is now also being cultivated in maritime environments such as New Zealandis. This paper reports a number of growth and quality parameters for plants grown under those conditions over two growing seasons and the intervening winter dormant period. While shoot biomass peaked mid-summer, in contrast, root biomass peaked late autumn/early winter. Starch, sucrose, fructose, glucose and inositol were detected in the roots. Starch concentrations were highest in early autumn (mean 470 mg $g^{-1}$ dry weight) and lowest in mid spring (218 mg $g^{-1}$ dry weight). Sucrose concentrations were low during early summer until late autumn but increased rapidly with the onset of winter and peaked during mid spring (168 mg $g^{-1}$ dry weight). Fructose and glucose concentrations were similar and peaked in late spring (5.3 and 6.2 mg $g^{-1}$ dry weight). Inositol concentrations peaked in mid summer (1.7 mg $g^{-1}$ dry weight). Starch/sugar ratios were high during summer and autumn and low during winter and spring. Ginsenoside concentrations and profiles showed that the six major ginsenosides, Rgl, Re, Rb1, Rc, Rb2 and Rd, were present, but Rf was absent. Concentrations did not vary with sampling date. The most abundant ginsenosides were Re (15.9 to 17.5 mg $g^{-1}$ dry weight) and Rb1 (10.7 to 18.1 mg $g^{-1}$ dry weight). Combined, they accounted for < $75{\%}$ of total ginsenoside concentrations. Limited taste tests indicated that highest root quality occurred during late autumn, after the shoots had senesced. However, quality could not be related to plant chemistry.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.138-144
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• 2012

3-dimensional magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) images reconstructed using the maximum intensity projection technique were analyzed qualitatively in patients diagnosed with pancreatobiliary diseases to determine their diagnostic utility. Single shot fast spin echo (SSFSE), fast spin echo (FSE) and 3-dimensional reconstructive images were acquired from 20 patients diagnosed histologically with pancreatobiliary diseases using a 3.0T MR scanner. According to qualitative analysis, the fast spin echo images and 3-dimensional reconstructed images of the hepatic duct, gall bladder and common bile duct had a higher signal to noise ratio (SNR) than the single shot fast spin echo images. Fast spin echo images and 3-dimensional reconstructed images did not show any differences. The contrast to noise ratio of the hepatic duct, gallbladder and common bile duct on the fast spin echo images and 3-dimensional reconstructed images was higher than that of the single shot fast spin echo images. The fast spin echo images and 3-dimensional reconstructed images showed similar quality.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.109-118
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate gender role identity and health behavior and to explore the relationship between gender role identity and health behavior among university student. Method: Participants were 245 university students who lived in Daegu. Each participant was administered the KGRII (Korean Gender Role Identity Inventory), and Healthy Life Style: A self-test provided by ODDHP National Health Information Center. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, ${\chi}^2$-test with SPSS 11.0 PC Program. Result: 1. As a result of health behavior level, male students had more health risk behavior problems than female students in smoking(p=.00) and drinking (p=.03). Female students had more health risk behavior problems than male students in exercise and physical activity(p=.00). 2. For female students, feminity type (29.3%) was most common, subjects of undifferentiated type was 26.4%. For male students, masculinity type(32.4%) was most prevalent, and androgenic type was 31.4%. 3. Androginy typed group had more healthy behavior compared with other gender role identity typed group. In contrast, undifferentiated typed group had more high risk behavior compared with other typed group for all of health behavior. Conclusion: These results suggest that gender role identity is a stronger predictor of heath related variable than is sex of subject. Therefore effect methods to develop health promotion program should consider not only sex difference but gender role identity.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.20
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• pp.8981-8985
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• 2014

Objective: To explore the effect of lysine-coated oxide magnetic nanoparticles (Lys@MNPs) on viability and apoptosis of A549 lung cancer cells. Methods: Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) and Zeta potentiometric analyzer were employed to characterize Lys@MNPs. Then Lys@MNPs and lung cancer A549 cells were co-cultured to study the effect of Lys@MNPs on cell viability and apoptosis. The pathway of Lys@MNPs entering A549 cells was detected by TEM and cell imaging by 1.5 T MRI. Results: Lys@MNPs were 10.2 nm in grain diameter, characterized by small size, positive charge, and superparamagnetism. Under low-dose concentration of Lys@MNPs (< $40{\mu}g/mL$), the survival rate of A549 cells was decreased but remained higher than 95% while under high-dose concentration ($100{\mu}g/mL$), the survival ratewas still higher than 80%, which suggested Lys@MNPs had limited influence on the viability of A549 cells, with good biocompatibility and and no induction of apoptosis. Moreover, high affinity for cytomembranes, was demonstrated presenting good imaging effects. Conclusion: Lys@MNPs can be regarded as a good MRI negative contrast agents, with promising prospects in biomedicine.