• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.185-189
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• 2010

The present study demonstrates the effect of fibrates, agonists of $PPAR{\alpha}$ on cytokines-induced proliferation in primary cultured astrocytes. Alone or combination treatment with cytokines, such as IL-$1{\beta}$ (10 ng/ml), $IFNP{\gamma}$ (10 ng/ml), and TNF-$\alpha$ (10 ng/ml) cause a significant increase of cell proliferation in a time-dependent manner. Treatment of astrocytes with bezafibrate and fenofibrate (0, 5, and $10\;{\mu}M$) reduced the $IFNP{\gamma}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$-induced cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. To address the involvement of IL-6 on the $IFNP{\gamma}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$-induced cell proliferation, released IL-6 level was measured. $IFNP{\gamma}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$ cause an increase of released IL-6 protein level in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, pretreatment with IL-6 antibody (0, 0.1, 1, 2.5, and 5 ng/ml) dose-dependently inhibited the $IFNP{\gamma}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$-induced cell proliferation. However, bezafibrate and fenofibrate did not affect increased mRNA and protein levels of IL-6 in $IFNP{\gamma}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$-stimulated astrocytes. Taken together, these results clearly suggest that activation of $PPAR{\alpha}$ attenuates the $IFNP{\gamma}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$-induced cell proliferation through IL-6 independent pathway.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.262-266
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• 2007

We characterize a fuzzy pairwise $\gamma$-irresolute continuous mapping on a fuzzy bitopological space.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.153-167
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• 2006

We study permuting tri-derivations in ${\Gamma}$-rings and give an example.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.131-135
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• 1997

We give the relation between the semilattice congruence N and the set of prime ideals of the ordered $\Gamma$-semigroup M.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.188-192
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• 2007

We characterize a fuzzy pairwise ${\gamma}-irresolute$ continuous mapping on a fuzzy bitopological space.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.581-589
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• 1998

Effects of gamma irradiation on hygienic quality, extraction yields and physiological effectiveness in twenty-one kinds of Korean medicinal plants were investigated. Gamma irradiation at $5{\sim}10\;kGy$ eliminated the microorganisms contaminated in Korean medicinal plants. The total extraction yield in fifteen kinds of Korean medicinal plants increased by $5{\sim}25%$ at 10 kGy gamma irradiation. The physiological effectiveness such as antioxidation, anticomplement functions, nitrite scavenging and electron donating abilities of medicinal plants exposed to 10 kGy gamma irradiation were not different from that of the nonirradiated control.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.103-108
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• 2003

LinA gene involving in the ${\gamma}$-benzenehexachloride degradation have been cloned from Sphingmonas paucimobilis UT26. This linA gene which catalyzes the first dechlorination step of ${\gamma}$-benzenehexachloride is known to play a key role in the ${\gamma}$-benzenehexachloride degradation pathway in UT26. In this study, the linA gene was designed to clean-up the ${\gamma}$-benzenehexachloride and its derivatives contaminated in soil, water and air using transgenic tobacco plants. The linA transgene was introduced into the chromosome of tobacco using leaf-disk transformation approach as revealed by Southern blot analysis. In addition, mRNA and protein produced by linA gene was expressed at a high level in the leaf tissue as demonstrated by both northern blot analysis and Western bolt analysis with polyclonal antibody against S. paucimobilis UT26. in vitro analysis using GC-MS showed that transgenic tobacco plant produced the linA protein which effectively degraded ${\gamma}$-benzenehexachloride into ${\gamma}$- pentachlorocyclohexene and 1,2,4-trichlobenzene compounds which are less toxic.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.1100-1102
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• 2015

In the study, stereo-based of gamma-ray sources detector for the space including the gamma-ray source to scan in a raster scan method, and obtains a visible light image and the gamma-ray image. We went to retrieve and visualize the distance to source and the direction of the 3-dimension information from Stereo gamma-ray detectors. Configuration of the detector consisted of gamma-ray detecting sensor for gamma-ray Sources, pan-tilt for the scanning of the raster for detecting sources, and CCD camera for visible-light image. Implement a stereo structure of the device to measure the spatial distribution of source, the gamma-ray Detector and CCD camera for the stereo image acquisition was as each configuration 2. The gamma-ray detector and a visible light camera to revision the distribution of detection source, After performing each of the cameras of the stereo correction and shows the distribution of the gamma-ray Sources through 중첩 visible light image and the gamma-ray image. After Rectification process of Left and right image, we were derived visualization results of the stereo image.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.766-775
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• 2011

We investigated the effect of high molecular weight polygamma- glutamic acid (hm ${\gamma}$-PGA) on adiposity and lipid metabolism of rats in the presence of an obesity-inducing diet. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a normal-fat (11.4% kcal fat, NFC) or high-fat (51% kcal fat, HFC) diet. After 5 weeks, half of each diet-fed group was treated with hm ${\gamma}$-PGA (NFP or HFP) for 4 weeks. The HFC group had significantly higher body weight, visceral fat mass, fasting serum levels of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and leptin, and lower serum HDL cholesterol level compared with those of the NFC group (p < 0.05). Treatment with hm ${\gamma}$-PGA decreased body weight gain and perirenal fat mass (p<0.05), fasting serum total cholesterol, and mRNA expression of glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), regardless of dietary fat contents (p < 0.01). However, hm ${\gamma}$-PGA increased serum HDL cholesterol in the HFC group (p < 0.05). In vitro, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme-A (HMGCoA) reductase activity was suppressed by the addition of hm ${\gamma}$-PGA. In agreement with observations in animal study, the supplementation of hm ${\gamma}$-PGA (150 mg/day) to 20 female subjects in an 8-week double-blind, placebocontrolled study resulted in a tendency to decrease total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations. We thus conclude that dietary supplementation of hm ${\gamma}$-PGA may act as a hypocholestrolemic agent, secondary to its inhibitor effect on HMG-CoA reductase, and decrease abdominal adiposity by decreasing hepatic lipogenesis. The present study is an important first step in establishing the effect of hm ${\gamma}$-PGA on cholesterol levels in rats and humans.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.775-780
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• 2014

Objectives: TCR-gamma-delta+T cells (${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells) are non-conventional T lymphocytes that can recognize and eradicate tumor cells. Our previous studies showed that infiltration and function of ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells were substantially attenuated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, their prognostic value was not clarified. Methods: The association between ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells and the clinical outcomes was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a HCC patient cohort (n = 342). Results:Immunohistochemistry showed decreased infiltration of ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells in tumoral tissues compared with paired peritumoral tissues. The counts of ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells in peritumoral tissues were negatively correlated with tumor size (P = 0.005). Survival analysis showed that the levels of peritumoral ${\gamma}{\delta}$T cells were related to both time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.010 and P = 0.036, respectively) in univariate analysis, and related to TTR in multivariate analysis (P = 0.014, H.R. [95% CI] = 0.682 [0.502-0.927]). Furthermore, the level of peritumoral ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells showed independent prognostic value for TTR in Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage A patients (P = 0.038, H.R. [95% CI] = 0.727 [0.537-0.984]). However, tumoral ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells did not show independent prognostic value for either TTR or OS in HCC patients. Conclusions: Low counts of ${\gamma}{\delta}$ T cells in peritumoral liver tissue are related to a higher incidence of recurrence in HCC and can predict postoperative recurrence, especially in those with early-stage HCC.