• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.77-88
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• 2009

In Korean history, Fengshui and Buddhism were closely connected in a harmonious and interrelated manner, together influencing the location and function of Buddhist temples, the forming of social and spatial ideologies, the spread of Fengshui, the development of Buddhist Bibo-Fengshui, ete. The interaction between Fengshui and Buddhism, which began after the introduction of Zen Buddhism in the late-Silla period, acted as a spatial ideology that empowered the powerful local gentries to trigger a social upheaval in the late-Silla period and was used by the government leaders for political purposes throughout the Goryeo period. In the Joseon period, the link between Buddhism and Fengshui weakened and was felt only at a grass-roots level.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.273-282
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• 1999

범국가적으로 지리정보시스템(GIS : Geographic Information System) 구축작업이 활성화되고 있는가운데 정부에서는 국가정보화 기반조성 차원에서 전국에 걸친 국가기본도 수치지도화 사업을 추진하고 있다. 국가기본도는 설비관리용 GIS를 구축하려는 국내 각 수요기관에서 활용되어져 GIS DB구축작업이 용이해질 것으로 예상되지만, 국가기본도에서는 각 기관에서 관리하고자 하는 모든 설비정보가 포함되어 있는 것은 아니므로 세부적인 관리대상설비의 추가 입력작업이 필요하다. 설비정보 입력은 대체적으로 각 기관에서 자체 보유하고 있는 설비도면을 기준으로 수행되지만 국가기본도와 설비도 간에는 기초 도면에 다름에 따른 설비위치 상대오차가 발생된다. 국가기본도 사용을 전제할 때 이러한 문제점은 피할수 없는 현상이며, 상대위치를 보정시키면서 관리대상 설비를 입력하려면 많은 예산과 인력이 소요될것으로 예상된다. 배전설비관리 GIS를 구축하고자 하는 한전에서는 이를 효과적으로 해결하고자 기초도면 변경에 따른 설비위치 자동보정기법을 연구하여 이를 기반으로한 시스템 개발을 완료하였다. 개발된 시스템의 정확도 및 실용화 가능성을 확인하기 위해 설비위치의 기준이 되는 전력주를 대상으로 샘플지역을 선정하여 자동보정을 실시하였으며, 현장실사를 통한 검증을 실시한 결과 약 94.6%에 달하는 보정 결과 만족도를 얻을 수 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.40 no.1 s.106
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• pp.1-26
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• 2005

This paper is to classify old county-maps of Dongrae-bu(東萊府), Busan in late-Chosun dynasty and to analyze place names in maps comparatively. 26 maps covering Dongrae-bu were collected from the old county-map atlas(郡縣地圖帖) and Eupji(邑誌). By e comparative analysis of contents, those maps can be classified into four types. The first type(named 'Haedong-Jido(海東地圖)') included 7 county-maps in which information of military, and administrative contents are mainly mapped. The second type(named 'Yeongnam-do(嶺南地圖)') included 5 coon maps in which information about beacon routes and road systems were regarded as very important. The third type(named 'Grid-system map(方眼式地圖)') included 4 county-maps which were drawn as same scale with 20-ri(理) grids. The fourth type(named 'Local Count-map(地方郡懸地圖)') included 7 county maps which were drawn by local mappers. Comparative analysis of place names between those four types revealed that Grid-system maps were developed toward the large scale whole map of Korea in the 19th century.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.321-343
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• 2004

In principal, the original form of Eupchi landscape in Naepo reflects a traditional idea regarding direction as a connection with one's fortune and naturalization strategy of power. In reality, the weight for the landscape inside the castle town was distinct by locality according to the conditions of natural geographies and main function of the castle town. In other words, the traditional Eupchi landscape was shaped under the fixed principles but it was simultaneously reflecting the local temporality and spatiality. As Chosun Dynasty went under the Japanese colonization, Eupchi in the traditional period started to evolve into a modem city. That is to say, the traditional Eupchi as a political place became to change into the center of capital accumulation, stronghold of economy and education, and center of town beyond the function as a place for government and administration. Therefore, the process of change from the landscape of Eupchi to a modem city was a kind of revolution in the form and function, and it was also a very rapid rearrangement of social space. The disparate element of landscape and double social space worked as a vital inertial element in the urban structure of Naepo area until the post independence and evolution of landscape.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.344-359
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• 2004

This geographical study is to identify the reality of Nokdun island which was once settled and farmed by our ancestor, but currently the island is do facto under Russia's control. Various historical documents including old maps, current large scale maps and satellite images besides field work were used for full analysis. According to historical records, up until Chosun Dynasty, Nokdun island in the lower Tuman river was one of the frontier fortified base crossed the river for the northern defense as well as seasonal farming for the farmer of Kyounghung border area. Even though the island was unjustly lost to Russia by the Beijing Treaty in the late Chosun period, the whole area of Nokdun was occupied and farmed by sole Koreans until the deportation by Stalin was forcibly measured. In these days due to the change of Tumn river channel and new deposition by river it became very difficult to find the original shape of Nokdun island. However, through intensive field works based on historical records, the research team found out the existence of the old wet-dry fields, old rural farmhouse remnants, and small and medium size of millstones that are supporting the reality of the island. Especially, the team traced a mud fortress presumedly built in the early Chosun period. We believe it might allow to allocate the exact location of Nokdun island in near future.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.43-70
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to analyze the locational characteristics and viabilities of township enterprises in Yan bian korean ethnic autonomous district. From the late of 1970s, Chinese township enterprises have heavily contributed to the rapid economic development in China, to alleviating the rural, surplus labor, and to reducing the dispa rity between urban and rural in term of socio-economic condition. From the late 1980s Chinese township enterprises in Yan bian korean ethnic autonomous district have rapidly developed in urban areas and also in the places that were easily accessed into main cities. The locational characteristics implied the management characteristics that attempted to solve the lack of capital and technique, and marketing difficulties through the existed firms in urban areas rather than the accessibility of the market. Chinese township enterprises in Yan bian korean ethnic autonomous district utilized locally available low wage labors of legal agrarian(nung-min-gung) to compete the large firms in urban areas. Township governments positively affected the development of the enterprise in the early stage: while, in the latter stage, they limited the autonomous management. If the economic ,system in China would be changed into the capital in the future, the institution should at low to the maximum autonomous management of township enterprises.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.48-64
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• 2001

In the dissertation, Bibos are discussed as landscape features in the geographical context of Youngnam Region. The bibo tradition in Youngnam Region began with the incorporation of temple structures in Shilla and Kaya kingdoms, and spread throughout the country during the period of Unified Shilla. In Korea Dynasty, the diffusion of temple Bibo gained momentum, because Buddhism was worshipped as national religion. Then came a sea change in the Bibo repertoire with the replacement of Buddhism by Confucianism as an ideological prop for Chason Korea. The retreat of Buddhism led to the popularization of feng-shui motifs in Bibo strategy. The centers of the diffusion of the logic of bibo were major towns such as Kyongju, Ahndong, Sangju, and Chinju. The diffusion process continued top-down to mid-sized towns, and to the bottom of small villages. What sustained the hierarchical diffusion of Bibo attributes was myriad of transportation lines. The main artery of the diffusion in Korea Dynasty was that connecting Kaegyong to Kyongju. That same function was performed by the royal road running from Seoul through Sangju, Milyang, and to Tongrae. In the age of modernization, the feng-shui and Bibo landscapes have lost their original aura. They have suffered from the ruthless attacks of the Enlightenment logic of science. However, the elan vital of feng-shui and Bibo are still visible and strongly felt in the countryside. From field experiences, one can notice that the Bibo landscapes are tightly integrated into the rural way of life. The durability of the traditional geomancy shows us the beauty of the harmonious interplay between Youngnam people and the nature.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.35-51
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• 2001

Social historical geography is interested in geographical elements related with a social group and perceives the diverse dimensions of a geographical phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to examine and interpret the multi-layers of meanings associated with the ancestral places of lineage group, i.e. Bonkwans(本貫)in Korea with a viewpoint to social historical geography. The term Bonkwan does not appear in any historical records prior to ths 10th century. Thereafter it is used continuoushy by lineage groups or by govermment agents till the 17th century. I believe that during this long-term period Bonkwan assumed multiple geographical meanings which varied from period to period, such as residence place, a place of origin, and a place symbolizing power. Each layer of meaning was the product of a certain period and of a cetain lineage. Its first meaning was produced in the early Koryo kingdom. Its second meaning from late in the same kingdom to the early part of Chosun kingdom. In order to understand the meaning of Bonkwan correctively, we need to see it at a large perspective. That is to say, it needs to be viewed in the framework of immigration study of each lineage because the term is more is moreof a social construct than a fixed notion.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.681-701
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• 2009

There were three banks that had the head office in Busan since 1912, Gyong-Nam Bank, Dong-Rae Bank and Busan Commercial Bank. This article tries to catch hold of the characteristics of the establishment and management, and the merging process of three banks. The main stockholders and managers made use of the money of the banks for the enterprises that they operated. Gyong-Nam Bank was combined with Dae-Gu Bank in 1928 to be Dae-Gu Commercial & Industrial Bank. The revised bank ordinance of 1928 regulated that the head office banks had to meet the requirement of the paid-in capital, 2 million yen. Not meeting such an excessive requirement, Dong-Rae Bank was amalgamated to Ho-Nam Bank of Gwang-Ju in 1933. Busan Commercial Bank was absorbed in Cho-Sun Commercial Bank in 1935 because it couldn't get back huge loan from a company which belonged to its three main stockholders. Japanese were already the main stockholders of Cho-Sun Commercial Bank from the beginning of 1920s. The banking agencies were not able to deal with the economic fluctuations effectively, and didn't have any economic organization in support of their profit. Cho-Sun Government-General forced the head office banks to be merged to control the colonial economy.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.183-200
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• 1994

This research aims to introduce the theoretical basis of the studies of tourism resources, by review the research trends of tourism resources in the geography field. The geographical approaches to tourism resouces can be subdicided into 3 categories according to the subject. First, the classification of tourism resource types and the approach on the spatial distribution may be enumerated. This subject has been the object of the most interest and discussion to the geographers for tourism up to now. And from the viewpoint of contents, it has been developed by classifying the types of tourism resoures, which is based on the establishment of the range and standard of tourism resources and the spatial classification of types based on the distribution feature of the area. Second, the approach about cognition, preference and interpretation on the tourism resources as the background to induce tourism phenomenon and decide the tourism destination. Judging from the fact that most of this subject is starting from the behavioural study and that the right understanding and interpretation of tourism resource is the important factor to decide the preference degree of tourists, we have to have much interest about the field of tourism geoaraphy. Third, the development of tourism resources which is showing the active study recently and its influence and effect attendant upon it may be enumerated. Today, as the economic value of tourism is become important internationally, tourism resources are recognized as the important factor to induce the industrialization of tourism. And in the series of analytical studies related to it the interest has been transferred from the economic benefit analysis attendant upon tourism development including tourism resource and to the cultural, educational, environmental and psychological influence, etc. As the result of composite examination, for the geographical studies about tourism resources, the spatial scale and the contents are being subdivided and specialized. And in the side of subject and method of study, it is developing into the positive study based on the concrete data and the measuring and analytical frame.