Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea (한국경제지리학회지)
- Volume 12 Issue 4
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- Pages.681-701
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- 2009
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- 1226-8968(pISSN)
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- 2713-9115(eISSN)
The Establishment and Merger of the Head Office Banks during the Colonial Period: Three Banks in Busan
식민지기 본점은행의 설립과 해체: 부산 3행의 경우
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Kim, Ho-Beom
(Department of Economics, Pusan National University) ;
- Kim, Dae-Rae (Department of Economics, Silla University) ;
- Kim, Su-Jin (Pusan National University)
- Published : 2009.12.31
Abstract
There were three banks that had the head office in Busan since 1912, Gyong-Nam Bank, Dong-Rae Bank and Busan Commercial Bank. This article tries to catch hold of the characteristics of the establishment and management, and the merging process of three banks. The main stockholders and managers made use of the money of the banks for the enterprises that they operated. Gyong-Nam Bank was combined with Dae-Gu Bank in 1928 to be Dae-Gu Commercial & Industrial Bank. The revised bank ordinance of 1928 regulated that the head office banks had to meet the requirement of the paid-in capital, 2 million yen. Not meeting such an excessive requirement, Dong-Rae Bank was amalgamated to Ho-Nam Bank of Gwang-Ju in 1933. Busan Commercial Bank was absorbed in Cho-Sun Commercial Bank in 1935 because it couldn't get back huge loan from a company which belonged to its three main stockholders. Japanese were already the main stockholders of Cho-Sun Commercial Bank from the beginning of 1920s. The banking agencies were not able to deal with the economic fluctuations effectively, and didn't have any economic organization in support of their profit. Cho-Sun Government-General forced the head office banks to be merged to control the colonial economy.
본고는 1912년부터 부산에 존재했던 경남(구포)은행, 동래은행과 부산상업은행이 매수 합병된 1935년경까지 은행의 설립과 경영상의 특징, 합병과정과 이를 통해서 나타난 조선총독부의 은행합병 정책의 성격 등을 살펴보고자 했다. 이세 은행의 대주주나 경영자들은 자신들의 기업체 운영에 은행 자금을 이용하려 했다. 1919년대에 들어서 영업부진에 빠진 경남은행은 1928년에 대구은행과 합병하여 대구상공은행이 되었고, 1928년의 개정된 은행령에 규정된 자본금 200만 원을 채우지 못한 동래은행은 광주의 호남은행에, 부산상업은행은 부실대출이 화근이 되어 1935년에 일본인이 소유-지배하는 조선상업은행에 흡수되었다. 부산의 금융계는 경기변동에 효과적으로 대응하지 못했거나 총독부에 대해 자신의 이해를 대변해 줄 경제단체를 전혀 갖추지 못했고, 조선총독부는 은행 합병을 통해서 식민지 경제에 대한 통제력를 강화해갔다.
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