Purpose - The research aim is to shed empirical light on whether quality-focused retailer brands such as Premium brand of Tesco Korea, Prime of Lotte Mart, and Best of E-Mart in the grocery market, make a contribution to developing store loyalty in the Korean market particularly. Research design, data, methodology - After developing sixconstructs, such as higher quality, stock availability, price levels, national brands, retailer brand attitudes, and store loyalty, the authors adopted exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, chi-square test and structural equation modelling as a research technique. Results - It was found that higher quality strongly influences the retailer brand attitude formation, and that retailer brand customers were sensitive to price levels. Buyers are, nevertheless, relatively less aware of price levels, when purchasing quality-oriented retailer brand types. Conclusions - The research implied that quality-oriented retailer brand types make a significant contribution to retailer brands attitude formation, and further, building store loyalty.

Purpose - The objective of the paper is to describe the relationship between consumer perceptions and attitudes of complaints against the behavior of their complaint. Research design, data, methodology - The study explore the process of complain intention which mediated by perceptual process and attitudinal behavior. Structural equation modeling used in this study is aim to describe the relationship simultaneously. The two samples failure (high vs. low level services) will be compared using analysis of variance. Results - The study found that the higher the alienation, the lower the perceived value of consumer complaint and the higher likelihood of successful perceived consumer complaint. The study also found the more positive the prior complaint experience, the more positive attitude toward complaining, the higher the perceived value of complaint and the higher the likelihood of successful perceived complaint. Furthermore, the perceived value of customer's complaint affect positive intention and perceived consumer likelihood of successful complaint increases intention complaint. Conclusions - The findings of this study show that the effect of a number of personal antecedents such as alienation; prior complaint experience and controllability will vary toward the complaint intention. Furthermore, the attitudinal and perceptual factors play a partial mediation role for that relationship.

Purpose - This study aimed to examine how the integration of IT systems was applied in the merger and acquisition (M&A) process in a Korean retail industry, based on the conceptual framework of a combination of related, existing literature. Research design, data, methodology - We employed the case study method, which involved literature reviews and interviews. We conducted a documentary survey and interviews regarding the M&A case for company A. Results - Company A had an integration strategy and plan with IT expertise before it began integrating both IT systems in D-Day. The IT integration of both systems was completed efficiently and effectively. Company A utilized not just one but all integration options, which was done in stages and according to situation. Conclusions - Companies should develop an integration strategy and have a clear integration plan with IT expertise in order to achieve successful integration. Companies trying to integrate IT systems during an M&A process can utilize all integration options in consideration of their business context and IT system conditions.

Purpose - This paper aims to explain that the Chinese distribution market will continue to bring tremendous business opportunities to commercial enterprises, given the relatively strong economic fundamentals and substantial government-led measures to boost domestic demand. Research design, data, methodology - A survey was conducted on China's retail market data during 2012. By empirically analyzing the data for retail sales of online markets and franchises, we conclude that the online retail market in China will continue to grow. Results - Based on data from 2012, 2013 is expected to be a challenging year for the retail sector, as both external and internal pressure is likely to persist. This paper outlines some major challenges facing retailers in China. Conclusions - The study shows that retailers in the Chinese market will face some major challenges: 1) the Chinese retail market is considerably affected by an uncertain economic outlook 2) an unfair environment of competition exists and 3) product safety is a serious issue. However, in the future, China's retail market will continue to bring tremendous business opportunities to commercial enterprises, given the relatively strong economic fundamentals and substantial government-led measures to boost domestic demand.

Purpose - The objective of this paper is to identify how different incentive factors influence teachers with different ages and professional titles at LinYi University, China. Research design, data, and methodology - A total of 435 university teachers participated in the study, and the Grey Correlation Degree Analysis method was used to analyze the sample data. Results - The results indicated that teachers with different professional titles and ages have different levels of preference on various incentive factors. Young and assistant-level teachers seem to place more importance on incentives than associate and senior-level teachers. Conclusions - This study has some practical implications. First, the principal and school administrators should pay more attention to young and middle-aged teachers and to how these teachers are motivated through monetary incentives as compared to associate or senior-level teachers. Second, school administrators should pay more attention to teachers' opportunities for career growth and should provide more opportunity for academic promotion. In order to stimulate positivity in teachers, school administrators should adopt various incentive systems.

Purpose - The competitiveness of small- and medium-sized distribution companies has weakened with the entry of large distribution companies and Super Super Markets (SSMs). These companies have nationwide distribution networks and capital to take over street markets, thereby threatening the very survival of small merchants. In order to help these small- and medium-sized merchants, the government has recently reinforced distribution regulations for large distribution companies. Research design, data, methodology - The purpose of this study is to review domestic and foreign distribution regulations and to provide direction for establishing domestic distribution policies in the future. Results - The government must fully reassess its assistance policy for small and medium distribution companies to enable them to engage in differentiated competition with large retailers, based on their own strengths. This will allow all interested parties to coexist. Conclusions - Government assistance policies for small and medium distributors such as traditional markets must be reorganized. The objective is to ultimately protect small and medium distributors and allow them to coexist on their own strengths, rather than have regulations for large retail stores.

Purpose - This study investigates the effect of visual merchandising display (VMD) of local specialty retailer of private label apparel (SPA) brands, such as space, display, and presentation on brand awareness, brand image, and purchase intention. It investigates consumers' VMD awareness and purchase intention of SPA brands to help business activities of local SPA enterprises. Research designs, data, methodology - This study uses SPSS 18.0 to study eight local SPA brands and has 193 effective usable copies from a sample of 200. Results - The display and presentation of VMDs of SPA brands had a positive influence on brand awareness and brand image, which in turn had a positive influence on purchase intention. Conclusions - As SPA brands are increasingly located in supercenters, they face space constraints and find it difficult to display their facade and signs effectively. Therefore, decisions pertaining to display, presentation, and space should consider whether these SPA brands are launched as independent specialty shops or in supercenters. The space for VMD is considered important in independent shops. However, shops that open in supercenters should pay more attention to presentation rather than space.