This study presents development of digital particle holographic system and its application to spray field to measure three-dimensional velocities and sizes of spray droplets. A double exposure hologram recording system with synchronization system for time control was established and digital holograms can be recorded in a short time interval. To process recorded holograms, the correlation coefficient method was used for focal plane determination of particles. To remove noises and improve the quality of holograms and reconstructed images, the Wiener filter was adopted. The two-threshold and image segmentation methods were used in binary image transformation. For particle pairing, the match probability method was adopted. The developed system was applied to spray field and three-dimensional velocities and sizes of spray droplets were measured. The measurement results of digital holographic system were compared with those made by laser instruments, PDPA(Phase Doppler Particle Analyzer), which proved the feasibility of in-line digital particle holographic system as a good measurement tool for spray droplets.

Fuel spray characteristics of the gasoline engine injector has been studied experimentally. To provide fundamental performance data of 4-hole and 12-hole injectors, spray fuel-mass distribution, wall wetting fuel amount and visualization of injectors have been tested and measured with various fuel supply pressure conditions. Spray visualization has been performed to analyze spray formation, spray angle, stream width and penetration length. Test result shows that wall wetting is greatly influenced by the induction air amount and spray atomization. Spray visualization shows that the 12-hole injector has robust performance characteristics with various fuel supply pressure conditions compared with the 4-hole injector. 4-hole injector generates relatively less wall-wetting fuel amount than 12-hole injector does.

The capability of pilot injection with small fuel quantity at all engine operating conditions is one of the main feature of the common rail direct injection system. The purpose of the pilot injection is to lower the engine noise and to reduce the NOx emissions. This study describes the pilot spray structure characteristics of the common-rail diesel injectors with different electric driving characteristics, including solenoid-driven and piezo-driven type. Namely three common-rail injectors with different electric current wave were investigated in this study. The pilot spray characteristics such as spray speed, spray tip penetration, and spray angle were obtained by spray images, which is measured by the back diffusion light illumination method with optical system for high-speed temporal photography. As this research results, it was found that pilot injection of common-rail system was effected by rate of injection with different electrical characteristic for injector driving.

In order to understand the behavior of transient gaseous injection used in an LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) engine, turbulent incompressible transient jets with butane and propane were measured and analyzed at pressures of 1.5 bar and 2.0 bar with injector diameters of 3 mm and 5 mm. Mie-scattering method with a tracer was used, and images were processed to investigate the behavior of butane and propane jets. Distances from the nozzle to transition region were measured as $L_e/d_{inj}$=4.35~19.4, where $L_e$ and $d_{inj}$ indicate respectively a distance from nozzle to transition point and nozzle diameter. Slits and tubes around jet at near-field were introduced to measure the effect of entrainment and the diameter of jet, which revealed that the entrainment of surrounding air is significant for developing jet diameter. When the entrainment is restricted, the behavior of jet became deviating from the baseline. It was found that the virtual origin located outside of a nozzle towards jet tip within the conditions of this work, and its location was estimated as $x_o/d_{inj}$=0.56~7.25, where $x_o$ is a distance from nozzle to virtual origin.

Feedwater heaters of many nuclear power plants have recently experienced severe wall thinning damage, which will increase as operating time progresses. Several nuclear power plants in Korea have experienced wall thinning damage in the area around the impingement baffle inside feedwater heater installed downstream of the turbine extraction stream line. At that point, the extract steam from the turbine is two phase fluid at high temperature, high pressure, and high speed. Since it flows to reverse direction after impinging the impingement baffle, the shell wall of feedwater heaters may be affected by flow-accelerated corrosion. In this paper, to compare degree of shell wall thinning mitigation rate to squared type with mitigation rate of other type baffle plate, four different types of impingement baffle plate-squared, curved, mitigating type and multi-hole type-applied inside the shell. With these comparison data, this paper describes operation of experiments and numerical analysis which is composed similar condition with real feed water heater. And flow visualization is operated for verification of experiments and numerical analysis. In conclusion, this study shows that mitigating type and multi-hole type baffle plate are more effective than other baffle plate about prevention of pressure concentration and pressure value decrease.

The object of this investigation is to study the thermal properties and spray characteristics of kerosene fuel in high temperature and pressure conditions. In order to investigate the thermal properties and spray characteristics, KIVA3 and SUPERTRAPP have been used at the same time. The thermal properties of kerosene has been calculated in high temperature and pressure condition using SUPERTRAPP. The study of spray characteristics has been conducted at both original properties of KIVA3 and calculated properties. The evaporation rate was increased in proportion to pressure when the calculated properties were used. However, the effect of pressure was not shown in the case of using original properties. So the calculated properties are more effective than original properties in high temperature and high pressure condition.