A infancy is the period in that growth and development of man are the most fast and neutrial requirement is the most big on his life. The insufficient neutrition of this period can have bad effect uppon man's whole life health not only physically but also pscychogenically and emotionally. Therefore a proper feeding at a proper time is very important to form the good food behavior and emotional development. The rate of using the commercial weaning food in Korea has gradually increased since 1970 and expected to be more increasing in future. In this paper, I investigate the general weaning status, stneutrial component and material content of infant weaning foods marketing in Korea at present. The material for this study have been collected in the exposition of products and data from manufacturing companies and etc. The conclusion is following. 1. The proper weaning period is from $4{\sim}6$ momth to 12 momth, but recently it is inclined to prolong. 2. In weaning methods, using a spoon is superior to using a bottle in food behavior and neutrial status. 3. The commercial weaning foods have two type, the powder type and formula type, but except gober's, all products marketing in Korea are the powder type and a sort of product is very simple. Therefore it is necessary to develp the more various kind of weaning foods, especially the formula type. 4. In the neutrial component, Son-Sik (flour of grain) cannot be up to international standards and the greater parts of weaning foods have too much suger over the standards.

The purpose of this research is that infant artificial feeding products is used in clonic with the study on characteristic, ingredients and indication of geneal and special modified milks. The result is as follows. 1. The main ingredients of four company products-Maeil , Namyang, Pasteur, Aebout is similar but the functional is different 2. General infant formula is divided into 100days, 5-6months, 12months, 24months and 36months out of consideration for growth and development of infant. 3. The indication and sorts of the special infant formula used at a hospital is as follows. PKU-1, PKU-2 formula is available for phenylketonuria. MPA formula is available for propionic acidemia and methylmalonic acidomia. UCD is available for urea cycle disorder Leucine-free formula is available for isovaleric acidemia. Maeil LP is available for hypocalcemia. MCT formula is available for indigestion and malabsorption of fat. BCAA-free formula is available for Maple syrup urine disease. Protein-free formula is available for limit of protein uptake or mixture of peculiar amino acid or higher uptake of mineral, vitamin, calory. Methionine-free formula is available for homocystinuria and hypermethioninemia. Premature infant is available for premature and low birth weight. 4. The special infant formula published in nation is as follows. Maeil soy A, Maeil MF1, Namyang hope doctor and Maeil HA is available for diarrhea. Maeil HA, Maeil HA-21 and Namyang hope allergy is available for hypoallergy. Maeil soy A is available for diarrhea of milk allergy. Maeil MF1 or Namyang hope doctor is available for acute bacterial or viral temporal diarrhea. Maeil HA is available for allergic chronic diarrhea. Maeil HA and Namyang hope allergy as eHP-formula is available for chronic diarrhea for lactose intolerance and milk allergy. Maeil-21 as pHP-formula for neonates with allergy family, allergic symptoms such as atopic dermatitis, asthma except digestive system.

Background/Aims: Aplastic anemia is defined as pancytopenia (anaemia, leucopenia, and thrombocytopenia) result from aplasia of the bone marrow. Many studies have shown that survival rate of aplastic anemia is 50-60% with immunomodulation therapy. In Korea, there is a lack of research considering oriental herbal medicine with aplastic anemia. Methods: It was compared and analyzed that recently several experimental or clinical reports of oriental herbal medicine on aplastic anemia. Results and Conclusion: The oriental herb of Panax ginseng radix, Cprdonopsis pilosula radix, Astragalus membranaceus radix, Atractylodes marcrocephala. Cervi Cornu Parvum, Epimedii Herba, Boshniakiae Herba, Morindae Radix, Angelicae gigantis Radix, Cascutae Semen, Lycii Fructus, Polygoni Multiflori Radix potently stimulated hematopoietic stem cell activity, Response rate to oriental herbal medicine of aplastic anemia was 30-60% and effect rate of aplastic anemia was 73-93%, Bian zheng Lun zhi(辨證論治 treatment according to syndrome differentiation) which based on Shen xu(腎虛) is presumed to approach highest degree effect in response rate.

The intelligence is the capacity to recognize the things and implies the meaning of abstract thought, learning and adaptability to the circumstance. Recently, as the promotion of learning ablility and memory attracts many people's attention, many studies of this have been accomplished but the pharmacological methods could not promote the intelligence and memory. In oriental medical theory, the human body is composed of four elements - essence, energy, sprit, blood and among these elements, sprit is considered as the concept of vital energy and mind. Especially, from the Jang-Fu physiological point of view, the memory is closly related with the heart and kidney In oriental medicine, some experiments on animal and literature studies on the subject of memory promotion have done. But because of difference in memory mechanism between man and animal, it is not in reason to apply the result of experiment on animal to human. Therefore I have methodological study of memory promotion to set up the concept of oriental medicine and experimental theory about this and can obtain such conclusion. 1. The oriental medical therapy for memory promotion is following. nourishing the heart and blood, regulating the function of spleen, relieving the mental stress, reinforcing the heart and kidney, invigorating and enriching the blood. 2. The insufficient intelligence in a child is considered to not be full and in an old man, it is considered to decline by degrees. 3. It is needed to molecular biological study of neurotransmitter after the using of oriental medical therapy. 4. It is possible to study using the genetic mutation or observing the collateral of brain nerve cell.

In children, flesh and muscle are tender, mental function is feeble, digestion and absorption are weak. Also food, drink and medicine which burden the stomach and bowels must be avoided. Oriental medicines are divided in object of medical treatment into three types, liquid medicine, medicinal powder and pill. In spite of this types, time and effort are spended greatly on children's eating medicine. In this paper, studying general characteristic of oriental medicinal types and effective types of oriental medicine, I can obstain such conclusions. 1. The oriental iense pillow remedy sets at easy, promotes degistion, treats disease of theesporatory organs. 2. The distillation remedy is suited to a chronic disease of children the degistion are ak in. 3. The mother remedy, because medicine is supplied through mother's body, is effective to infant. 4. The external use remedy is suited to skin disease, eye disease and nose disease, and has similar effect to taking liquid medicine. 5. The confectionery remedy is the method which children like greatly, but is the effective method to many children because of technical manufacture.

The common cold is the most common pediatric infectious disease, and the incidence is higher in early childhood than in any other period of life. Treatment of the common cold is largely symptomatic. Thus treatment of oriental medicine for the common cold is very effective and safe. We studied 81 children suffering from common cold Oriental Medicine Hospital in Kyunghee University, and analyzed age, sex, season, clinical manifestation, complications, prescription. The results were as follows: 1. Age and sex distribution of children from 1 to 3 was 37.1%, 3 to 6 was 34.6%, over 6 was 24.7%, male to female ratio was 1.31 : 1 2. Frequency of affection per year, from 3 to 5 was 30.9%, 6 to 9 was 29.6%, over 10 was 27.2%, below 3 was 4.9% 3. Frequency of seasons giving rising to common cold, winter was 40.7%, spring and autumn were 16%, summer was 1.2%. 4. Frequency of complications, empyema and rhinitis were 38.3%, asthma was 21%, pneumonia was 16%, atopic dermatitis was 7.4%. 5. Frequency of Clinical manifestation, cough and sputum were 45.7%, high fever and sore throat were 27.2%, complex symptom was 25.9%. 6. Frequency of prescription, BoAh-Tang-gami(補兒湯加味)was 27.2% BangPungHaeDoc-Tang(防風解毒湯)was 11.1 %, GamiGinHae-Tang (加味鎭咳湯)was 11.1%.

The purpose of this study was to prepare the new effective oriental medical treatments. This study was performed at Dongeui Oriental Medical Hospital from October, 1, 1999 to November, 30, 1999, and 59 patients with cough persisting for longer than 3 weeks were evaluated. The following results were obtained. 1. In sex, male was 32 patients(54.24%) and female was 27 patients(45.76%), and in age group, between 2 and 6 years was 43 patients(72.88%) as first. 2. In the distribution of complicated signs, sputum was 42 patients(7l.18%) as first, rhinorrhea was 24(40.68%) as second. 3. In the style of cough. attack on morning or sleeping time was 32 patients(54.24%) as first. 4. In the past history, pulmonary diseases, such as pneumonia, bronchitis were 10 patients(16.95%) as first. 5. In the family history of allergy, allergic dermatitis was 6 patients(10.l7%) and allergic rhinitis was 4 patients(6.78%)

The author measured IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-${\alpha}$ and total protein(TP) level of middle ear effusion(MEE) of 24 ears - 13 ears of them had treated by antibiotics, 11 of them by Kami-hyunggyeyungyotang - of pediatric recurrent otitis media with effusion(PROME) using ELISA assay, and compared the level of cytokines(pg/ml)/TP(mg/dl). And investigated the clinical finding in those children. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The level of IL-2／TP in Kami-hyunggyeyungyotang group was significantly higher than that in antibiotics group(P〈0.05). 2. The level of IL-4/TP in Kami-hyunggyeyungyotang group was significantly higher than that in antibiotics group(P〈0.0l). 3. The level of IL-6/TP in Kami-hyunggyeyungyotang group was significantly lower than that in antibiotics group(P〈0.05). 4. The level of TNF-${\alpha}$/TP in Kami-hyunggyeyungyotang group was significantly lower than that in antibiotics group(P〈0.01) 5. 79.1% of children with recurrent otitis media with effusion(ROME) were also complicated to chronic sinusitis. The children's t-test was used to make a statistical comparison between the groups. According to above results, Kami-hyunggyeyungyotang is considered to be used for treatment 'recurrent otitis media with effusion' by control produce of cytokines which are connected with inflammatory reaction.

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic or chronically relapsing, pruritic dermatitis. It commonly occurs in patients with a personal or family history of atopy. We studied 67 children suffering from atopic dermatitis Oriental Medicine Hospital in Kyunghee University, and analyzed sex, age, feeding, clinical manifestation, risk factor. The results were as follows : 1.Most age distribution of children was from 2 to 6, male to female ratio was 1:1.03 2.Breast-feeding to milk-feeding ratio was 2.93:1 3.Frequency of aggravating symptom by specific food was 31.3%, among this, meat(especially chicken) was revealed high risk factor 4.Frequency of family history suffering from other allergic disease was 61.2%, among this father to mother ratio was 1.27:1 5.Sites of atopic dermatitis were as follows : The inner space of elbow and knee joint was 77.65, back, face, neck was 56.7%, back of ear was 52.2%, wrist was 46.3%, abdomen was 38.8%, ankle was 34.3%,head was 29.9%.

Background: In recent years, pediatric chronic sinusitis patients who don't respond with antibiotics are increasing, but there are a few reports on the herbal medicine therapy treating pediatric chronic sinusitis, so this report was studied. Objective: To demonstrate the effect of herbal medicine therapy in the chronic sinusitis before and after treatment using computed tomograpy (CT) and plain radiograpy. Materials and methods: Ninty patients (45 mail and 45 femail) treated in our hospital between February 1998 and August 1999 were studied. Ages ranged from 3 to 13 years (mean age :6.5 years). Sixty two patients had a underlyiing family history (allergy or sinusitis of parents or brothers), In the past history, 68 patients had asthma, allergy of milk, atopic dermatitis, bronchiollitis and irritable bowel syndrom. Illness period was from 10 days to 96 months (mean period:12.4 month). Duration of treatment were from 25 days to 200days (mean:96 days). To ascertain the efficacy of treatment, CT in the 42 and plain radiopgrapy in the 48 patients were checked out. In the CT, three images were obtained 2cm interval on the coronal and axial plan. CT findings of the chronic sinusitis were analyzed for mucoperiostal thickening before and after treatment using 4 grades;(normal, mild, moderate, severe). Normal was defined as below 3mm thickening of mucoperiosteum; mild was 3-5mm thickening; moderate was 5mm-1cm thickening; severe was above 1cm thickening. Plain radiograpy using Water's view provided maxillary sinus, anterior ethmoid sinus, frontal sinus. Normal was defined as simillar to density between sinus and oronasal cavity; mild was defined as generally increased density with no significant mucoperiosteal thickning; moderate was partial mucosal thickening without bony hypertropy; severe was total haziness with mucoperiosteal thickening. Gamihyunggyeyungyo-tang was administered mainly. Gamigwaghyangjeungki-san, Gamizwakwi-eum and Gamihyangso-san were administered for through oral route additional symptoms Results: Of the 90 patients, 84 patients showed complete recovery (93%), 4 patients showed no significant interval change(4%) and 2 patients were aggrevated (2%). Sixty patients were severe(67%) and 26 patients were moderate (29%), 4 patients were mild(4%) The duration of treatment was varied with patient conditions (91 days in average); severe were 101.7 days, moderate were 70 days and mild were 63 days. Fifty three patients with maxillary and ethmoid sinusitis were 114 days, 35 patients with maxillary sinusitis only were 71.5 days. Fifty eight patients with both maxillary sinusitis were 94.6 days, 26 patients with either maxillary sinusitis were 65 days. The symtoms of chronic sinusitis were nasal obstruction(75%), cough(69%), purulunt or mucosal discharge(62%), lymphoid follicle(54%), postnasal dripping(49%), headache(23%) and nose bleeding(22%). Conclusion: We know that herbal medicine therapy is the effective treatment of pediatric chronic sinusitis using plain radiograpy and CT. The duration of treatment may be significant assosiation with the location and degree of chronic sinusitis.

MELAS is the condition associated with mutant mtDNA that most closely mimics thrombotic cerebrovascular disease. Characteristic abnormalities are two. first, 'ragged-red fibers' in muscle biopsy. second, point mutation in the mitochondrial DNA analyses. The characteristic clinical presentations of MELAS are short stature, recurrent stroke like episodes, migraine-like headache, sensorineural hearng loss, glucose intolerance and neuropathy. We now report a case of MELAS syndrome having mitochondrial DNA mutation with an A to G transition at the 3,243rd position diagnosed in Chung-ang Hospital.