The purpose of this study is to examine the college students' and married adults' perceptions of the current low fertility and their motivations of parenthood. It also verifies the gender differences in the numbers of planned children between male and female college students. The sample population included 100 unmarried undergraduate students and 100 married adults. The measurements included in the questionnaire were based on recommendations from the literature review. The major findings of this study are as follows: Women reported higher levels of traditional-normal and altruistic-emotional motivations of parenthood than men did. College students reported higher levels of motivations of parenthood to strengthen biological family ties than married adults did, while adults reported higher levels of martial bond-strengthening, traditional-normal, and gene-preservative motivations of parenthood than students did. College students attributed the current low fertility to the tight labor market and high costs of childbirth and rearing while married adults attributed to gender-discriminating traditional family norms, increasing infertility, and poor conditions of pregnancy and childbirth. Female and adult respondents took the social problems caused by the current low fertility more seriously than their counterparts did.

This study is to assess the level or consumer's attitude or food safety and their effects on the purchase or environment friendly agricultural products. For these purposes, the survey was implemented to 550 adults who resided in Seoul and metropolitan area. As a results, a lot of respondents perceived the five food hazards, pesticides, food additives, BSE, chemical materials, GMOs as the severest food risks. Results revealed that women, the most educated, married, and the older respondents were more likely to be negative about food safely. And Also, consumer's knowledge of environment friendly agricultural products was lower than the median. The respondents who have bought environment friendly agricultural products were 80.5% of the entire respondents. Also, the educated and the consumers who had the knowledge of the environment friendly agricultural products started to purchase them. The consumers who had higher income, perceived the food hazards(BSE), assessed agricultural products safety negatively, had willingness to pay them and more knowledge of environment friendly agricultural products were likely to purchase them usually.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between parents' conflict and child-rearing and school-aged children's depression in low income family and non-low income family. The subjects were 357 school-aged children who attended elementary school and who were 5th 176(49.3%) and 6th grade 181(50.7%)(boys were 206(57.7%), girls 151(42.3%)). The data were analyzed by t-test, Pearson's correlation, simple regression, enter regression(using SPSS 12.1). Major findings were as follows: (1) Parents' conflict was significantly associated with children's depression in low income and non-low income family. (2) Parents' conflict was significantly associated with parents' child-rearing in low income and non-low income family. (3) Parents' conflict partially exerted indirect effect on children's depression, controlled by parents' child-rearing in low income and non-low income family. The effect of parents' child-rearing as mediation was higher in low-income family than in non-low income family.

The objective of this study is to identify the significance of haying many children, their motive of childbirth, patterns of investment in human capital, and their expectations of their children. For this purpose, thirteen mothers of multi-child families have been interviewed in depth. Key findings of the study are as follows. First, the significance of children in many-child families varied. The fundamental features were: symbol of strong ties between God and humans, proud existence displayable to others about their level of happiness, and a means of defining their identity. Second, the typical motives of the majority of interviewees to have many children were "unplanned" but "natural accommodation and adaptation." Third, striking aspects, in terms of many-child families' investment in human capital were to consider many-child families to be a community in itself as a great environment of teaming and to have to deal with issues of limits and impartiality when allocating resources of a limited income and parents' time. Fourth, expectations of parents for their children were "normal growth" and mediocrity, and they cited intangible human assets as the greatest gift to their children. This study will hopefully offer a new analytical perspective to the growing concerns of low birth rates and excessive zeal of parents for their children's education, and thereby lay the groundwork of methodological approaches for resolving such social problems.

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences among families in terms of conflict, life satisfaction according to socio-demographic variables, and self-esteem, and to analyze the effects of these variables influencing marital satisfaction for immigrant women. The subjects of this study were 127 immigrant women in Sunchon. Trained researchers interviewed the subjects with structured questionnaires. The data were analyzed using Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, Duncan's test, Pearson's r, and stepwise multiple regression. The statistical package of SPSS is used to perform these analyses. The result of this study is summarized as follows: The family conflict scores of the immigrant women were lower than the median. The average score of life satisfaction was higher than the median. The family conflict of the immigrant women showed significant differences according of age.

On this research we investigated variables affecting university students' time management and verify relationship between the time management and life satisfaction. 438 students at Korea National Open University in Seoul were questioned through questionnaires composed of 47 questions. Data was analyzed by t-test, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test and Person's correlation. The variables affecting time management were religion(those who believe in organized religion vs. those who do not), individual income, family income, teaming experiences for time management and reading books related to time management. fender, age, marriage status and occupation didn't affect the time management of students. The relationships between time management and life satisfaction showed a little positive relation. Some proposals for future researches and practices are given.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between ego- resilience and stress coping styles of adolescents. The study also tried to identify differences on stress coping styles based on the level of ego- resilience of adolescents. Ego-resilience showed positive correlations with problem-focused and social support seeking coping styles and a negative correlation with an emotion-focused coping style. Canonical Correlation analysis revealed that self-confidence among four sub-domains of ego-resilience made the most outstanding contributions in predicting stress coping styles of adolescents. The problem-focused coping style had the highest correlation with ego-resilience among the four coping styles. The group of adolescents who had a higher level of ego-resilience reported more problem-focused and social support-seeking coping styles in stressful situations. The results of this study suggested that development of ego-resilience of adolescents who were in the midst of transitions and adjustment problems was important for effective coping strategies.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of ceramic activities on elderly depression and life satisfaction. The research design was based on one group, with a pre and post-test study design. The subjects of this study included twelve elderly from anelderly daytime care center in Yang-san. Instruments used in this research were KGDS (Korea Form of Geriatric Depression Scale) developed by Jung et al., and a form of life satisfaction developed by Youn. A one-hour ceramic activity was offered to participants weekly, for five weeks. The results showed that depression and life satisfaction changed after the ceramic activities. The participants produced results of emotional aspects for demented old people. More specifically and significantly, positive emotions such as pleasure, in-terest, and tranquility were increased, while negative emotions such as anger or depression were significantly decreased through the ceramic activities. Thus, this study's ceramic activities program appeared to have beneficial effects on elderly depression and life satisfaction.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between householder's education level and the education expenditure for children. The Family Income and Expenditure Survey data of the 2005 National Statistical Survey were used to examine the hypothesis. For data analysis, ANOVA and regression method were applied. The results are as follows: House-holds in Seoul spent 533,000 won for child education per month on the average, and 64% of the expenditure was for private education. Households whose householder's education level was high spent more expenditures on public and private education for children than the households whose householder's education level was low. When the household income level was controlled, householder's education level affected only private education expenditure.

The purpose of this study was first to reveal the factors of time management behaviors of college students. The second purpose was to examine the effects of those factors on the satisfaction of time management. The data were collected from 400 college students in Seoul by a self-administered questionnaire. Frequencies, Cronbach's alpha, Factor analysis, Pearson's correlation analysis and Multiple linear regression were conducted by SPSS WIN12.0. The major findings were as follows. First, factor analysis of 20 items on the time management behaviors related questions revealed six factors: establishment of standards, reality, overlapping, checking, adjusting and facilitating. Second, many factors such as facilitating, establishment of standards, reality, overlapping were significant in the regression analyses for the satisfaction of time management. Especially, establishment of standards and facilitating had high levels of effort on the satisfaction of time management. In combination, these results suggest that establishment of standards and facilitating are very important factors for high satisfaction of time management.