• Title/Summary/Keyword: zoo

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Successful Birth of Pups Produced by GnRH-induced Estrus and Natural Mating in Captive Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)

  • Yong, Hwan-Yul;Bae, Bok-Soo;Kim, Seung-Dong;Lim, Yang-Mook;Ha, Yong-Hee;Oh, Chang-Sik;Kim, Myoung-Ho;Jo, Sin-Il;Yoo, Mi-Hyun;Jeong, Yu-Jeong;Ro, Sang-Chul
    • Journal of Embryo Transfer
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.287-290
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    • 2010
  • On January 6, 2010, two months earlier than normal breeding season, a red fox vixen was implanted with synthetic GnRH analogue, Deslorelin. Blood was sampled every 2~3 days from the day of implant to identifying spermatozoa on stains of epithelial cells. Estradiol and progesterone were examined. Even though the vixen was in non-breeding season, she was mated by a male fox. Pregnancy was confirmed by canine pregnancy detection kit that detect relaxin released from placenta. Four healthy pups were born on March 9, 2010. This is the first report showing synthetic GnRH can activate ovarian function and lead to fertile estrus of red fox in non-breeding season.

Estrous Synchronization and Artificial Inseminationin in European Mouflon (Ovis gmelini musimon)

  • Yong, Hwan-Yul;Kim, Seung-Dong;Bae, Bok-Soo;Son, Chun-Soo;Son, Go-Tae;Jeon, Kang-Hee;Song, In-Jun;Kang, Shin-Keun;Gu, Dae-Chang;Lee, Joo-Hyung;Kim, Heon-Youl
    • Journal of Embryo Transfer
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.271-274
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    • 2009
  • To establish a protocol of estrus induction and synchronization in European mouflon, we performed artificial insemination using frozen-thawed semen and exogenous hormones. CIDR was inserted into vaginas of four mouflons for 16 days. A day before removal of CIDR, PG 600 was injected intramuscularly. $PGF_2{\alpha}$ was injected when removing CIDR. Artificial insemination was cervically conducted with injecting LHRH 48 hours after CIDR withdrawal. Even though no pregnancy was confirmed, estrous signs were notified like open cervix, congestion of vaginal wall and discharge of cervical mucus. Further research in the wild sheep would be needed for development of artificial breeding methods and advancing sustainability of domestic zoos.

Changes of Sex Hormones and Cervical Mucus in Estrus-synchronized Himalayan Tahrs (Hemitragus jemlahicus) in Non-breeding Season

  • Yong, Hwan-Yul;Kim, Myoung-Ho;Ha, Yong-Hee;Kim, Han-Woong;Kim, Mi-Young;Cho, Dong-Gil;Oh, Chang-Sik;Kim, Doo-Hee;Lim, Yang-Mook;Yoo, Mi-Hyun;Bae, Bok-Soo;Kim, Seung-Dong
    • Journal of Embryo Transfer
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.219-222
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    • 2011
  • Eight female Himalayan tahrs (Hemitragus jemlahicus) were estrus-synchronized, and transcervically inseminated with frozen-thawed semen in September, 2009, about 2 to 3 months earlier than their natural breeding season. Intravaginal progesterone-releasing devices were inserted into vaginas of six Himalayan tahrs on September 7, and the other two on September 8 to suppress luteal function of ovaries. The devices had been placed deep inside the vagina prior to withdrawal on September 23. A day before CIDR removal, a combination of PMSG 400 IU and hCG 200 IU was intramuscularly injected. Forty hours later, frozen-thawed semen was transcervically inseminated. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 39 days later by analyzing progesterone level of serum. Every treatment was done under anesthesia inducted by xylazine injection. In conclusion, vaginal discharge of cervical mucus, hormonal changes induced by implant-typed or muscularly injectable hormones and widening of cervix enough to insert an insemination gun into uterine body were achieved in non-breeding season. Moreover, the first inseminated Himalayan tahr, 36 hours after CIDR removal was assumed to be pregnant but the fetus may have been lost due to the use of anesthetic drug.

Birth of a Siberian Tiger Cub from an Albino Mother Tiger with Help of eCG and hCG

  • Choo, Yoon-Jeong;Park, Myung-Soo;Han, Hyo-Dong;Ham, Gye-Sun;Park, Young-Sun;Kim, Gyeong-Sik;Park, Sun-Duk;Lim, Yang-Mook;Jung, So-Young;Yong, Hwan-Yul
    • Journal of Embryo Transfer
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    • v.26 no.3
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    • pp.215-217
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    • 2011
  • This is about the successful use of eCG and hCG for producing a Siberian tiger pup born from 10-year-old, primiparous, albino Siberian tiger. From February 2010 to July 2010, natural breeding had been tried three times with no conception. During this period of five months, estrus behaviors appeared to be typically normal and a lot of matings were observed. After consecutive failures, 1000 IU eCG (equine chorionic gonadotropin) were intramuscularly injected on the day showing estrus behavior, followed with an injection of 750 IU hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) 80 hours later. The tiger stopped recurrence of estrus, and a cub, weighed 780 gram, was born alive 104 days after hCG injection. This study is the first report showing the unique, successful use of exogenous hormones as one of artificial breeding programs in the long history of captive breeding of carnivorous zoo animals in Korea.

Baby Giraffe Rope-Pulled Out of Mother Suffering from Dystocia without Proper Restraint Device (기린 난산에서 물리적 보정장치 부재시 밧줄을 이용한 태아 견인)

  • Yong, Hwan-Yul;Park, Suk-Hyun;Choi, Myoung-Keun;Jung, So-Young;Ku, Dae-Chang;Yoo, Jong-Tae;Yoo, Mi-Jin;Yoo, Mi-Hyun;Eo, Kyung-Yeon;Yeo, Yong-Gu;Kang, Shin-Keun;Kim, Heon-Youl
    • Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.113-116
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    • 2009
  • A 4-year-old female reticulated giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis reticulata), at Seoul Zoo, Gwacheon, Korea had a male calf with no help of proper restraint devices. The mother giraffe was in a danger of dystocia more than 7 hours in labor after showing the calf's toe of the foreleg which protruded from her vulva. After tugging with a snare of rope on the metacarpal bone of the calf and pulling it, the other toe emerged. Finally, with two snares around each of metacarpal bones, the calf was completely pulled out by zoo staff. After parturition, the dam was in normal condition for taking care of the calf and her progesterone hormone had also dropped down to a normal pre-pregnancy.

Offsprings Produced by Transcervically Inseminating Frozen-thawed Semen into Uterus of a Estrus-induced Saanen Goat during Non-breeding Season

  • Yong, Hwan-Yul;Kim, Min-Ah;Bae, Bok-Soo;Kim, Seung-Dong;Jo, Shin-Il;Lim, Yang-Mook;Yoo, Mi-Hyun;Ha, Yong-Hee;Oh, Chang-Shik;Kim, Doo-Hee
    • Journal of Embryo Transfer
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.89-92
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    • 2010
  • We report herein the successful results of estrus induction, sperm cryopreservation and kids born by transcervical insemination of frozen-thawed semen in a Saanen goat. Flugestone acetate (FGA: 60 mg) was inserted into vagina for 15 days. The goat was intramuscularly injected with 400 IU PMSG and 200 IU hCG ($PG600^{(R)}$: Intervet, Korea) a day before withdrawal of the FGA sponge. Follicles and corpora lutea were identified on both ovaries by laparoscopy. Artificial insemination was performed 46 hours after removal of FGA sponge. The concentration of frozen-thawed semen was $3.975{\times}10^8/ml$ and 0.5 ml of frozen-thawed semen was transcervically inseminated into uterine body under anesthesia. Three kids, all females, were born 144 days after artificial insemination. This is the first report producing kids by transcervical insemination of frozen-thawed semen in a Saanen goat of which the estrus was induced by FGA sponges, PMSG and hCG during non-breeding season in Korea.

Transcervical or Laparoscopic Insemination of Frozen-thawed Semen in Estrus-synchronized Himalayan Tahrs (Hemitragus jemlahicus)

  • Yong, Hwan-Yul;Park, Jung-Eun;Kim, Min-Ah;Bae, Bok-Soo;Kim, Seung-Dong;Ha, Yong-Hee;Oh, Chang-Sik;Kim, Doo-Hee;Kim, Myoung-Ho;Yoo, Mi-Hyun;Jeong, Yu-Jeong;Ro, Sang-Chul
    • Journal of Embryo Transfer
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.291-295
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    • 2010
  • Four estrus-induced Himalayan tahrs (Hemitragus jemlahicus) were inseminated with frozen-thawed semen by laparoscopic or transcervical insemination techniques with no regard to the site of ovulation in non-breeding season. In June and July, 2009, estrus was synchronized by Eazi-Breed $CIDR^{(R)}$ (Controlled internal drug release; Pfizer Animal Health, New Zealand) insertion for 16 days and PG 600 (PMSG 400IU, hCG 200 IU; Intervet, Netherlands) injection (IM) a day before removing $CIDR^{(R)}$. Forty eight hours later, laparoscopic or transcervical insemination was done to each of two tahrs under anesthetic condition inducted by ketamine (1.5 mg/kg) and medetomidine (0.09 mg/kg). For examination of estradiol and progesterone, blood was collected right before $CIDR^{(R)}$ insertion, PG 600 injection, $CIDR^{(R)}$ removal and insemination. Estradiol levels of four tahrs (No. 1, 2, 3, 4) before $CIDR^{(R)}$ insertion and insemination were 13.3, 8.8, 14.3, 12 pg/ml and 23.5, 25.5, 21.1, 11.5 pg/ml, respectively. Progesterone levels of four tahrs (No. 1, 2, 3, 4) before $CIDR^{(R)}$ insertion and insemination were 1.8, 0.05, 0.63, 0.61 ng/ml and 1.03, 0.37, 1.48, 2.12 ng/ml. Except for No. 4 tahr, cervices showed cervical mucus and opened enough to penetrate with embryo transfer gun sheet usually used for cows. Therefore, No.4 was laparoscopically inseminated together with No. 1. In conclusion, none of four Himalayan tahrs was pregnant. However, we proved that estrus could be induced by CIDR and PG 600 injection in non-breeding season, and laparoscopic or transcervical insemination with frozen-thawed semen could be one of assisted reproductive techniques in Himalayan Tahr.

Analysis of the anti-microbial susceptibility of Clostridium isolated on clinical specimens from captive wild animals in Seoul Zoo (서울동물원 야생동물의 임상 검체 내 Clostridium 균의 항생제 내성 분석)

  • Lee, Hany;Yeo, Yong-Gu;Ahn, Sangjin;Kim, Jong-Taek
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.43 no.1
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    • pp.31-37
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    • 2020
  • Clostridial bacteria are zoonotic agents, which cause severe necrotizing enteritis, pseudo-membrane colitis, enterotoxemia to both humans and animals. The objective of this study was to monitor the antibiotic resistance of Clostridium isolates on clinical specimens from wild animals in Seoul zoo for 5 years. Clostridium isolates were verified by using Vitek2 compact machine. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed by antibiotic disc diffusion test, which was followed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test method. The frequency of Antimicrobial resistance of Clostridium isolate was the greatest in gentamicin (87%), then in order of amikacin (80%). There were 55.6% of Clostridium isolates showed multiple drug resistance (MDR). These results showed that a lot of Clostridial bacteria from wild animals in Seoul zoo were acquired antibiotic resistance. Because of the wild animal's aggressive manner, it has been hard to collect clinical samples from wild animals in a zoo to exam antibiotic susceptibility. For these reasons, empirical use of antibiotics has been performed in frequently. It may cause to increase the emergence of antibiotic resistance bacteria. In addition, the antibiotic resistance bacteria from zoo animals can be spread to other wild animals which inhabit around the zoo. Therefore, regular monitoring of antibiotic resistance Clostridial bacteria is important to protect animals and humans from Clostridial diseases.

Role of Zoo (동물원의 역할)

  • Moon Hong Sik;Oh Chang Young
    • Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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    • v.13 no.4
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    • pp.261-263
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    • 1977
  • A museum where captive animals and are exhibited to visitor is a zoo. Zoo are maintained for education and enjoyment of visitors and for scientific work with animals. Many of the animals are from parts of the world where the visitors are not likely to tra

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