• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.85-91
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• 1988

Energy efficiency of bacterial cell mass and product formation from cellulose using Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens with application of available electron balance were discussed. Values of true growth yield, η$_{max}$ and η$^{max}_{th}$ and maintenance coefficient, m$_{e}$, were estimated us-ing experimental data, and the results were compared with estimates obtained from theoretical ap-proach. Experimental values were similar in magnitude to theoretical values in $Y^{max}_{ATP}$= 10.5 g cells/ mole ATP. Therefore, $Y^{max}_{ATP}$ values of Ruminococcus albus and Ruminocoecus flavefaciens were considered similar to 10.5 g cells/mole ATP.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.81-86
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• 2001

The concrete bridge decks are in need of replacement and rehabilitation due to decreasing load carrying capacity. In this study, to propose a strengthening technique that improves usability and structural performance of the bridge deck and to propose an efficient strengthening design technique which satisfies both the strength End serviceability of the bridge deck, this paper shows the failure characteristics of the strengthened bridge decks and proposes an empirical yield criterion. Therefore, strengthening efficiency was proposed based on the experiment and yield line analysis result. The yield line theory which adopts the modified criteria of Johansen is considered to predict the ultimate strength about all strengthening material(Carbon Fiber Sheet, Carbon Fiber Rod, Grid Type Carbon Fiber).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.236-243
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• 2000

A number of developments have occurred over recent years that are being used commercially or have the potential to increase the milk yield and consequently the efficiency of dairy cows. Bovine growth hormone is the most widely known of several attempts that have been made to alter the metabolic endocrinology of dairy cows to increase the rate of milk secretion. The factors affecting the milk yield response to growth hormone, growth hormone-releasing factor, thyroxine and placental lactogen as well as to the immuno-neutralization of somatostatin are briefly considered. Secondly, the recent greater understanding of the mechanism by which the milk yield is increased following more frequent milking, which has resulted from the identification and characterization of the feedback inhibitor of lactation (FIL) protein, is reviewed. The identification of this protein provides new avenues of research which may lead to a reduction in the rate of decline in milk yield with advancing lactation or to undiminished milk yields despite a reduction in frequency with which the animals are milked.

• Plant Resources
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.221-226
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• 2003

To improve industrial scale extraction method for extraction of icariin from Epimedium koreanum Nakai, the yields under different extracting conditions such as solvent, temperature, duration and solvent to plant material weight ratio were compared. Regarding extracting solution, highest extracts and icariin yield could be achieved when 10% EtOH was used. In case of plant material to extracting solvent ratio, no significant differences could be observed from 1/10 to 1/50, indicating 1/10 was the most efficient. Extracting temperature significantly affected extracts and icariin yields in that 9$0^{\circ}C$ increased the collected extracts and icariin contents up to 29.6% and 0.76%, respectively, compared to 27.2%, 0.33% at 7$0^{\circ}C$. The yield of extracts was less dependent upon extracting temperature compared to icariin yield. Regarding extraction time, 4 hr and 6 hr resulted in high extracts and icariin yield, respectively. We found extracting Epimedium koreanum Nakai in 10 times volume of 10% EtOH for 4 and 6 hr at 9$0^{\circ}C$ seem to be relatively efficient methods for extracts and icariin, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 1974

From the results of countrywide two year N. P. K simple trial with newly bred IR 667-Suwon 214 and leading local varieties for comparison soil productivity (yield without fertilizer) and fertilization productivity (yield increase with fertilizer) were investigated. 1. IR667 showed higher yield than leading local by 19% in 1971 and by 12% in the year of low temperature stress, 1972. High yielding capacity of IR667 was attributed to greater number of spikelet per panicle. The coefficient of variation in yield was smaller in IR667 but the leading locals showed higher yield in 23(1971) and 30% (1972) of the fields. 2. IR667 required more nitrogen, especially phosphorus and potassium. Fertilization efficiency (yield increment per unit fertilizer) in IR667 was-about 4kg higher in nitrogen but smaller in phosphorus and almost the same in potassium. 3. Soil productivity was higher in IR667 but percent contribution of soil productivity to total productivity (field productivity) was lower. 4. Percent contribution of fertilization productivity to field productivity was 19 to 33, of which 5 was due to phosphorus and potassium. 5. The greater the soil productivity, the greater the field productivity becomes, but the much greater the percentage contribution of soil productivity becomes. 6. Fertility saturation point at which fertilization efficiency is nil, was propoesd as a soil productivity (or field productivity) limit.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2013

This study was carried out for preliminary feasibility review to investigate work efficiency of chestnut harvest using yield net and to find a way to reduce the cost for purchasing and managing yield net. To this end, we conducted a survey of 6 forest farm houses in Cheongyang, Gongju and Buyeo regions where yield nets are being used efficiently. Cost-benefit analysis based on Net Present Value and Benefit Cost Ratio was used to examine the investment profitability. While regions of Cheongyang A, Cheongyang B and Buyeo A are profitable in spite of no subsidy for purchasing yield net from the government, the regions of Gongju A, Gongju B and Buyeo B are not profitable without subsidy. When an 80% of subsidy for purchasing yield nets is provided, the forest farm houses in Cheongyang A, Cheongyang B, Buyeo A and Gongju B regions are found to be profitable while those in Gongju A and Buyeo B regions are still not profitable. We consider that the different results come from the differences in the planting method of chestnut, labor efficiency, labor skill and the orchard conditions such as slop. Finally, several efforts for government and cultivator are suggested to expand the use of yield net; planting chestnut in line, establishing installation and management methods, supporting the cost for purchasing yield net and studying detailed effects besides profitability issue.

• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.158-162
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• 2019

[¹¹C]GR205171, a Neurokinin 1 (NK1) radioligand, has been known as such a promising PET probe for quantitation of NK1 receptors in the brain by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. First trial to synthesis of [¹¹C]GR205171 was to use methylene chloride and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide for preactivation of precursor, but the result was not successful in radiochemical yield (0~25%) and unreliable. 7 years later, inorganic base (Cs₂CO₃) was tried to achieve higher radiochemical yield, and they showed higher yield (~53%). We have tried to repeat the same synthesis method, but it did not work properly, because there were the lack of the detail procedure and still reproducibility in radiochemical yield. Here we report the improved synthesis protocol to produce [¹¹C]GR205171 in high yield via commercial automated synthesizer. The sonicator which combines water heating bath was used to activate desmethyl-GR205171, and this method showed high efficiency and reasonable yields (4.7 ± 0.6%, non-decay corrected from molecular sieve trap) with >95% radiochemical purity.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.99-108
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• 2012

Soil erosion and sediment from agricultural farmland has caused various negative impacts on environment in recent years. The effect of rice straw mat on soil erosion has been investigated by many researchers these days. In this study, the SWAT model was applied to Hongcheon watershed to evaluate SWAT flow and sediment, and the effect of rice straw mat on sediment yield at watershed outlet was evaluated. The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) and coefficient of determination ($R^2$) values for flow simulation (calibration period) were 0.66 and 0.67, and the NSE values for sediment was 0.90. The calibrated parameters were used to analyze the reduction of sediment yield in the farmland with rice straw mat. Average daily sediment yield without rice straw mat was 49.8 ton/day and sediment yield with rice straw mat was 25.5 ton/day, and the reduction rate was 38.7 %. Also, average daily sediment yield with/without rice straw mat were 97.5 ton/day and 190.7 ton/day during the rainy season (Jun. 2008 - Aug. 2009), with the reduction rate 46.3 %.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 1996.06c
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• pp.228-237
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• 1996

On the basis of a brief introduction of the mechanized dry farming in Heilongjiang Province, the author states the developing process from the combination of single technics of farm machinery and agronomy to the technical assembly of high yield cultivation technics and its mathematical expression. According to the main temperature accumulated zones, 5 typical comprehensive technical assembly models for the mechanized cultivation technics and their agricultural machinery systems have been listed. They are, the Heihe " 261" wheat and soybean model : the Yi'an big ridge double row film mulching corn model : the Yongchang high yield mechanized soybean and other grain crops six year rotation model for Keshan state farms. The author conclude that the application of mechanized high yield cultivation technical assembly is the key point to transform the Heilongjiang province from big agriculture to strong agriculture, we have to take " high yield , high quality , high efficiency , s stain -ability and earning foreign currency" as the general target and carry out the corresponding policy and measures for the further development of agricuture.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.52 no.6
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• pp.39-48
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• 2010

Sediment yields from Imha watershed were simulated during 1993-2008 using Hydrologic Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF). Using observed daily stream flow for 2004-2008 and hourly suspended solid concentration for three events during 2006, HSPF was calibrated and validated at the sites of Imha and Youngyang for stream flow and Dongchun and Jangpachun for sediment yield. The calibration and validation results represented high model efficiency for simulating daily stream flow and hourly suspended solid. The determination coefficients of calibration and validation were 0.90 and 0.81 for daily stream flow, and 0.91 and 0.86 for monthly stream flow, respectively. Based on model tolerances for calibration and validation of stream flow, HSPF performance for simulating stream flow represented 'very good'. The determination coefficients of calibration and validation were 0.94-0.96 and 0.95 for hourly sediment yields, respectively. The average yearly sediment yield during 1993-2008 was 122,290 ton/year and most of sediment yield (77 % of total yield) were generated from June to August. The calibrated HSPF simulated well the movement of water and eroded soil within Imha watershed.