• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.225-229
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• 2015

Echinochloa colona is one of the most problematic weeds in the paddy fields of the world. In recent years, this species is likely to be introduced in Korea due to global warming, the expansion of international trade including agricultural products, and increasing tourists. We tried to identify the species from Korean Echinochloa crus-galli and E. oryzicola in order to establish the control measures in case of the initial influx. For this study, Echinochloa colona collected from the National Plant Germplasm System, USA were examined and E. crus-galli and E. oryzicola were collected in Korea. It is, however, very difficult to identify for Echinochloa species using morphological characters because of numerous interspecific and intraspecific types found in nature. Thus, we barcoded the species using rbcL, matK, and ITS. All three markers identified E. colona very well from the others. ITS alone may be enough as a DNA barcode for E. colona identification, when considering cost and effectiveness. The barcode sequences were deposited to the National Center for Biotechnology Information database for public use.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47
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• pp.107-123
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• 2002

This paper is intented to present a information of various aspects of quality related characteristics and standards for grades in maize. Maize is world's one of the three most popular cereal crops and a primary energy supplement and can contribute up to 30, 60, and 98% of the dairy diet's protein, net energy, and starch, respectively. Maize is also processed into industrial goods by wet or dry milling. Sweet corn is a leader among vegetable crops and its production for fresh or processing markets is a major industry in many countries. Over the years, the combined efforts of breeders and geneticists, biochemists, food scientists, and others have helped bring us to the point where we understand issues related to sweet corn quality. Traditional criteria for selecting corn hybrids have been based primarily on agronomic factors, including grain production, disease resistance, drought tolerance, and storage characteristics. Little emphasis has been placed on the quality and nutritional values of corn. Although there is widespread interest for value-enhanced corns have increased tremendously in the last five years, there is limited information available on the production and comparing the quality attributes of specialty grains with those of normal yellow dent corn. Most countries have developed national maize standards, aiming to provide a framework for trade, both internal and external. Where trading involves direct choice and price negotiation in front of the commodity, grading standards are rarely employed; quality is assessed visually and is influenced by end-use, and the price is determined more by local rather than national factors. The use of an agreed standard will provide an unambiguous description of the quality of the consignment and assist in the formation of a legally-binding contract. Standards can also be seen to protect consumers rights through setting limits to the amount of unsuitable or noxious material.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.671-684
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• 2011

Deciding on an optimal sensor placement (OSP) is a common problem encountered in many engineering applications and is also a critical issue in the construction and implementation of an effective structural health monitoring (SHM) system. The present study focuses with techniques for selecting optimal sensor locations in a sensor network designed to monitor the health condition of Dalian World Trade Building which is the tallest in the northeast of China. Since the number of degree-of-freedom (DOF) of the building structure is too large, multi-modes should be selected to describe the dynamic behavior of a structural system with sufficient accuracy to allow its health state to be determined effectively. However, it's difficult to accurately distinguish the translational and rotational modes for the flexible structures with closely spaced modes by the modal participation mass ratios. In this paper, a new method of the OSP that computing the mode shape matrix in the weak axis of structure by the simplified multi-DOF system was presented based on the equivalent rigidity parameter identification method. The initial sensor assignment was obtained by the QR-factorization of the structural mode shape matrix. Taking the maximum off-diagonal element of the modal assurance criterion (MAC) matrix as a target function, one more sensor was added each time until the maximum off-diagonal element of the MAC reaches the threshold. Considering the economic factors, the final plan of sensor placement was determined. The numerical example demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-27
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• 1994

This result of the study on the costume of Osman Turkey are as following. 1. Empire of Osman Turkey(129∼1922) exerted an almost limites impact and influence on Europe and Asia during their regime 600 years. The distant ancestors of the Osman Turks were nomadic peoples, who wandered I tribal groups through the Central Asia. Therefore their costumes were based on nomadic culture. They had trade with West and East were influenced by Hellenism and Byzantium and grew, to a strong Islamic political power polygamy with which influence their clothing along with other culture. 2. Topkapi Saray was one of he principal residences of the Osman sultans and his court. Late 17 century, Topkapi Saray found many of kaftans of Osman Turks Empires of 14∼17 centuries. Otherwise we studied by the minatures of 16∼17 centuries, Since the Topkapi Saray became a museum in 1924, a program of careful restoration has made it possible to some pars of it to the public, after centuries neglection. 3. Osman Turkey Empire had important role in between West and East(silk-road). Economic, commercial, social and political factor of Turkey led to a development in the art of weaving (kema, kadife, catman, seraser, zerbeft, hatayi, kntnu, atlas)parallel to the rise and development of the Osman Turkey Empire itself, one which raised the art to a level attained nowwhere else in the world. Fabrics woven from gold and silver thread occupied a very important place in the court life of the time. This was due as much to their symbolic as to their material value, reflecting as they did the power, glory and magnificence of the Empire. 4. In order to study Eastern or Western history of costume one must study Turkey history of costume in advance. Also there is a great need of comparison to study of western, central and north eastern area history of costume.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.359-376
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• 2016

Increase in world trade commodities along with climate change entails frequent pest insect invasions from subtropical to temperate zones. Tephritidae is one of two families in fruit flies along with Drosophilidae and consists of more than 5,000 species. Some tephritid flies in genera Anastrepha, Rhagoletis, Ceratitis, and Bactrocera are highly invasive and give serious economic damages on fruits and vegetables in temperate zones. This review focuses mainly on Bactrocera fruit flies, which have been well studied in control techniques to defend their invasion and colonization. Though various control techniques against Bactrocera fruit flies have been developed, less efforts have been paid to establish efficient integrated pest management (IPM) programs. This review introduces current control techniques of fruit flies and some successful IPM programs implemented in subtropical islands. In addition, major fruit flies infesting crops in Korea have been also reviewed in their occurrence and control programs.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.133-156
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• 2004

The rapid development of the internet may not have occurred without techniques of linking and framing, which provide users flexible and easy access to other website. These techniques have enabled internet users to navigate the internet efficiently and sort through the products, services and information available on the internet. The Advent of the global information structure and the do-called EC revolution raise countless new issues and questions. There are no limitations regulating the expressions on the cyberspace due to internet's of quality anonymity? diversity? spontaneity. Therefore, the freedom of speech is expanded in both areas of time and space, which was impossible with the old communicating system. Although online technology raises many new legal issues, the law available to help us resolve them, at least today, is largely based on the world as it existed before online commerce became a reality. Thus the challenge is to predict how these new legal issues may be resolved using the current law. As a result of the drastic change of the environment for international trade of which that has taken took place in parallel with the global information technology revolution on a global basis, the scope of issues to be addressed which should be resolved by the conflict of laws principles has been remarkably expanded, and various new issues of an entirely which are quite new in its type and nature have arisen been raised. Further more in addition, the old act prior act was regarded as insufficient in that it lacked rules on international governing law to adjudicate, or international adjudicatory governing law, where as the expectation of the public was that the private international law should function as the basic law of the legal relational encompassing rules on governing law given the increase of It international disputes. for the move the private international law has also attracted more attention from the korean.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2013

In this paper, the key performance index for advanced logistics is analyzed, and the specific requirements for the material flow IT services are proposed to improve the world competitiveness of the material flow industries and to implement the advanced logistics in Korea by survey research. The key performance index is classified into three types of efficiency, sustainability and economics, and two classes of enterprise and public for IT services are proposed. In addition to, for case studies, the survey analysis for the Pyeongtaek Port is performed to diagnose the material flow enterprise and to analyze the priorities of the IT services for Port's employee, trade enterprise, public service personnel, and local resident. From the results, to improve the productivity and efficiency of the enterprise, the secure the professional man-power and standardization are needed, and the automation, u-Port, green technology and material flow security for the IT services are required.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.75 no.6
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• pp.785-797
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• 2020

As the growth of world trade has surged rapidly over the past years, the number is expected to continue growing over the coming years. Although the transportation costs can be reduced by using larger vessels, however, new berthing structures have to be constructed in order to cater for the larger vessels. This leads to a need for researching on designing a better berthing structure. For optimization of berthing structure design, we need to provide a better estimation of berthing energy than the previous methods in the existing guidelines. In this study, several berthing parameters were collected from previous works and researches. Moreover, the scenarios were selected efficiently by using a sampling technique. First, the berthing energy was calculated by executing 150 numerical simulations. Then, the numerical simulation results were compared with the results calculated by existing methods quantitatively to investigate the sensitivity of the berthing parameters and the accuracy of existing methods. The numerical method results have shown some deviation with respect to the existing method results in which the degree of deviation varies with the methods and the tendency of differences is dependent on certain berthing parameters. Then, one of the existing methods which has shown a small deviation was selected as a representative method and applied with several safety factors to obtain a suitable safety factor for the design.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1695-1705
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• 2016

With the rapid development of global economic and trade, the ports in the North-east Asia region have developed greatly. In such a fierce competition, how to ascertain right evaluation methods to assess the competitiveness of the ports, and make scientific and rational development strategy for upgrading the overall level of competitiveness of ports in North-east Asia, has become the first task for all the ports for coping with the challenges. As China's sustained economic growth of more than 30 years, the economic power and comprehensive national strength has been changed, China's international status has been greatly improved. Also China has achieved remarkable new results in the construction of peripheral diplomacy, and further has consolidated the relationship of countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt. The strong position of RMB in foreign exchange market and the implementation of the strategy of "area" opening to the outside world accelerated economic belt along the silk road in China to the west open pace. On the basis of the SWOT analysis of the Lianyungang Port, combined with the comprehensive and practical port competitiveness evaluation indicators system and competitiveness evaluation method, calculate the competitiveness level of Lianyungang port in East China, and find out the problems must be solved. The development strategies for Lianyungang port under One Belt One Road were suggested.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.87-109
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• 2003

Localization is one of the typical phenomena of this age in Korea. Localization of Port is on the beginning in this Country as the introduction of Port Authority in the Port of Busan and Incheon. As the condition of world trade has been changed, the level of Competition among Ports is severer than before, especially in the East Asia Area. Since many experts of Port say that centralized control system of Port has many Problems, some other Port Control system has been studied and suggested for long time. One of the Countermeasures of these Port Problems is Port Authority System which aims the balance of central and local development. Port Authority System does not want to achieve only Public Duty or Utility but also Commerciality which is fundamentally very important for the survival of Port. In this Paper, the necessities of Port Authority Introduction in Korea was explained. And Port Authority System will be introduced 2004 year in Busan Port firstly and Incheon Port, secondly. The Main Contents of Port Authority System was suggested , in this Paper and some Problems which shall be considered for better operation of Port Authority System was investigated. I suggested some countermeasures, endeavoring the competitive advantage of Port and higher Port Performance, in terms of 3 Dimensions. One is in the side of basic Policy Directions, the other is the activation schemes of functional department which composed of many activities of Port Authority System and the third is in the side of operation body. As this paper, however, has some limitations and Port Authority System is just beginning stage, future research shall be continued in real and concrete level.