• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 1999

Mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine(MPS) cause by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae has been recognized as a serious impediment to swine production due to chronic respiratory disorder which result in the weight loss and decreased feed conversion. The disease causes a great economic losses in pig industry by characterizing with high morbidity, low mortality, growth retardation and low feed efficiency. The present study was conducted to investigate the titers of antibody against M hyopneumoniae from the regional and seasonal groups of the slaughtered pigs by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The result have shown that the average seropositive rate of M hyopneumoniae infection was 84.6% . The regional seropositive rate in Korea showed 87.4% in Kyonggj, 83.4n in Kangwon, 89.2% in Chungnam and 77.6% in Chungbuk area, respectively. Also the seasonal seropositive rate was appeared as 78.6% in spring,90.1% in summer, 76.9% in autumn and 83.8% in winter, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.185-189
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• 1993

Urticaria is a common disease and a well known reaction pattern of the skin charaterized by erythema or wheals and edema, that is the results of various cause. Cold urticaria has symptom on condition that patient feeles cold or touches ice and cold water. These symptoms have a tendency to be aggravated in the winter. We report two cases of cold urticaria. The patients are 38-year-old woman and 30-year-old woman with two years and four years history of recurrent urticaria. The patients showed cold urticaria We have experienced good improventment to be treated with acupuncture and herbal medicine by the Oriental Medicines.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.411-434
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• 1982

Yield loss of wheat and barley due to meteorological constraints has been analyzed in order to get the basic information, which will lead to the counter-measures for dissemination of agricultural technology and administration. These meteorological damages were analyzed on the results of percentage yield loss and mechanism of damage and the aspects of constraints were explained. The annual yield loss of wheat and barley were 21.7% by meteorological stress: Cold damage, 5.9% ; excessive soil moisture, 5.6% ; lodging, 2.9% ; drought, 3.0% ; disease, 4.3% etc. Those damages by the stresses mentioned above and rain damage were analyzed in relation to the growth stages and the degrees of damage. The predispositions and the growth of wheat and barley to those meteorological stress are also discussed. Varietal resistances of wheat and barley to those stresses were indexed and the physiological and morphological characteristics of these resistant cultivars are described. Cultural practices to minimize the damages were also reviewed.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2015

Respiratory disease in pigs is common in modern pork production worldwide and is often referred to as porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). PRDC is polymicrobial in nature, and results from infection with various combinations of primary and secondary respiratory pathogens. The control of swine respiratory disease requires an understanding of the interactions between the organisms that can cause this illness, the pig and management of the environment. This study was carried out to investigate the lesion of red internal organs in slaughtered pigs and provided assistant data for pig farms. A total of 900 lung samples, 45 farms were collected randomly from slaughtered pigs in Jeonbuk province from April to December in 2014. Gross lesions such as swine enzootic pneumonia (SEP), pleuritis, pleuropneumonia, pericarditis, liver white spots were examined for the pigs. Overall prevalence of SEP was 70.8%. According to season, the incidence occurred higher in summer than winter, fall and spring. The mean SEP score was 1.4, the highest incidence occurred in fall. The prevalence of pleuropneumonia, pleuritis, pericarditis, and milk spot was 26.1%, 71.4%, 2.8%, 21.6%, respectively. In the detection of pathogens, PRRS was not detected, PCV2 was positive in 87.6%.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2015

This study was investigated to diagnose pathogenic organisms of atrophic piglets in northern area of the Gyeongnam province, Korea. Samples such as feces, blood and necropsy specimens of 42 atrophic piglets (${\leq}10$ weeks old) were taken from May to December 2013 for this survey. Samples were examined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay and bacteria isolation for detection of pathogenic agents. 93 pathogens were isolated from 42 samples can be classified into ll groups. We identified bacterial agents in 56 cases (60.2%) and viral agents in 31 cases (33.3%). However, 6 cases (6.5%) were undetected. Among these pathogens, the most prevalent disease were porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in 22 cases (23.7%). The major diseases were Colibacillosis in 15 cases (16.1%), Glasser's disease in 12 cases (12.9%), and porcine epidemic disease (PED) in 9 cases (9.7%). Mixed infections were accounted for 77.8% of atrophic piglets. In particular, the rate of mixed infections with PRRS virus showed the highest frequency (71.4%). In addition, there is a seasonal variation. Viral pathogens were dominantly detected in winter, but in the rest of the season bacterial agents were mainly detected. Gastrointestinal diseases occurred mainly in the pre-weaning piglets, the respiratory diseases and wasting diseases occurred mainly in the post-weaning piglets.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2010

To reduce an economic loss by swine disease, this study was designed to provide helpful data which are particularly useful for each individual farm. From february to December 2009, a total of 18,173 slaughter pigs (612 herds) were randomly sampled, which were produced just in southern region of Gyeonggi-do. We examined all of them for the slaughter lesions of 8 kind diseases such as swine enzootic pneumonia (SEP), pleuritis (PL), pleuropneumonia (PP), white milk spot in liver (WMS), papular dermitis (PD), pericarditis (PC), ileitis (IL) and peritonitis (PT). Twenty four percentages (4431/18173 pigs) of the examined pigs had no lesions about 8 kind diseases. Among the pigs with lesions, the numbers of the pigs with just one lesion were 7,637(42%), followed by 4,551(25%) pigs with 2 lesions. Average prevalence of pigs were 56.5% (10288/18173 pigs) in SEP, followed by 34% in PL, 12.4% in PP, 10.1% in WMS, 6.1% in PD, 4.7% in PC, 0.1% in IL and PT, respectively. Each prevalence of SEP, PL, PP and PD was higher in spring than in winter, respectively (P<0.01). Among the pigs (n=6,105) with 2 or more than 2 kinds of lesions the top (55.5%) was the pigs with SEP and PL, and the second was 1,179 (19.3%). Swine enzootic pneumonia was considered as one of the more likely risk factors for initiation or/and acceleration of other diseases such as PL, PP, WMS and PD. The lesion of SEP was relatively severe since the pigs with late stage were more (7,277 pigs) than those with early stage.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.97-103
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• 1998

Yedang lake has so plentiful pondage and many species of fresh-walter-fish that a large number of people crowd around there all the year round. Most of them are not used to prevent tsutsugamushi disease spreading by chigger(T-mite). Accordingly, this study was carried out in order to obtain basic materials for prevention of this disease and the results are summarized as follows. The number of wild rat that captured in surveyed areas was sixty five(apodemus agrarius: 63, Rattus norvegicus: 2) during the period of a year and ration of captured rats to trap was about 8%. The dominant species of T-mite in all the surveyed areas were Leptotrombidium pallidum and L. palpale and the total number collected was 5782.9 with one family, two genra, eight species. The density of T-mites that collected from rats in three areas(Nodongri, Hatanbangri, Kyochonri) appeared $743.3{\pm}80.4,\;847.2{\pm}86.2\;and\;869.6{\pm}86.4,\;and\;in\;soil\;149.5{\pm}13.9,;154.7{\pm}14.7\;and\;182.4{\pm}20.8$ respectively. On the whole, the number of T-mite that collected from the rats was about three times as much as it in soil. The comparison of individual number of T-mite per a rat collected in three surveyed sites(A,B and C) showed 126.7, 243.1, 258.6 and per $2,000cm^3$ of soil 12.7, 12.7, 54.6, 103.5 respectively. In other word, the number of T-mite at site A and B is smaller than that at area C, thus comparing habitats of three sites each other, C is better living environment of rat and mite than that of A or B. Seasonl occuarance of t-mite that is from rat gradually was increased toward winter and showed the peak to January, and decreased since March but it in soil was inverse proportion to it from rats, because the larvae of T-mite that was hatched in soil was transmited to host in order to suck the body fluid.

• Mycobiology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.139-147
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• 2004

A severe damping-off disease of bush okra caused by Pythium aphanidermatum, was diagnosed in plastic houses in Der Attia village, 15 km southwest of El-Minia city, Egypt, during the winter of 2001. Bush okra seedlings showed low emergence with bare patches inside the plastic houses. Seedlings that escaped pre-emergence damping-off showed poor growth, stunting and eventually collapsed. Examination of the infected tissues confirmed only Pythium aphanidermatum, showing its typical intercalary antheridia, and lobulate zoosporangia. P. aphanidermatum was shown to be pathogenic on bush okra under pot and field experiments. Bacteria making inhibition zones against the damping-off fungus P. aphanidermatum were selected. Agar discs from rhizosphere soil of bush okra containing colonies were transferred onto agar plate culture of P. aphanidermatum. After 2 days of incubation, colonies producing clear zones of non-Pythium growth were readily detected. The two bacteria with the largest inhibition zones were identified as Pseudomonas fluorescens. Bush okra emergence(%) in both pot and plastic houses experiments indicated that disease control could be obtained by applying P. fluorescens to the soil or coating the bacteria to the bush okra seeds before sowing. In the plastic houses, application of the bacteria onto Pythium-infested soil and sowing bush okra seeds dressed with bacteria gave 100% emergence. In addition, This was the first reported disease of bush okra by this oomycete in Egypt.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 1994.06a
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• pp.27-49
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• 1994

Root colonization of biocontrol agents via seed treatment was investigated and a compatible combination, Gliocladium virens G872B and Pseudomonas putida Pf3, in colonizing cucumber rhizosphere was confirmed through the study. Much higher number of fungal and bacterial propagules were detected when two isolates were inoculated together. The presence of Pf3 in root system was greatly helpful to G872B to colonize at root tip. The mechanism of this phenomenon is partially elucidated through the results of in vitro experiments and the observations of scanning electron and fluorescence microscope. Addition of Pf3 cells resulted earlier germination of G872B conidia and increased mycelial growth. And the more number of germinated conidia on seed coat, the more vigorous hypal streching and sporulation on the root surface were observed in coinoculated treatment. The propagules of G872B on the cucumber root when they were challenged against the pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum, were even higher than that of G872B treated alone, and the magnitude of such a difference was getting grater toward the root ip and the population of F. oxysporum on the root was reduced by seed inoculation of G872B. The rhizosphere competence was obviously reflected to disease suppression and plant growth promotion that induced by the given isolate. Green house experiments revealed that the combined treatment provided long-term disease suppression with greater rate and the larger amount of fruit yield than single treatments. Through this study the low temperature growing Pseudomonas fluorescens M45 and MC07 were evaluated to apply them to the winter crops in field or plastic film house. In vitro tests reveal that M45 and MC07 inhibited the mycelial growth of Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctona solani and Phytophthora capsici and enhanced growth of cucumber cotyledon in MS agar. This effect was more pronounced when the bacteria were incubated at 14$^{\circ}C$ than at 27$^{\circ}C$. And disease suppression and plant growth promotion in green house were also superior at low temperature condition. Seed treatment of M45 or soil treatment of MC07 brought successful control of damping-off and enhanced seedling growth of cucumber. The combined treatment of two isolates was more effective than any single treatment.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.361-368
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• 2009

Cenangium ferruginosum was known as the causal agent of dieback of pines including Pinus koraiensis and Pinus densiflora. Since the first report of the disease in Korea in 1989, a group dying occurred in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Kangwon and Chungbuk in 2007 spring. Although C. ferreginosum was known as a weak pathogen or a parasite, this disease caused in stressed pine by drought, wounding, extremely cold weather or unusual warm winter. In this study, we explained the features of cenangium dieback with the characteristics of pathogen to understand the trend of disease associated with the climatic change of the world. We collected pycnidia and apothecia from the diseased branches and stems of P. koraiensis and P. densiflora in Gyeonggi, Chungcheong and Gyeongsang province to characterization of pathogen. The fungal development on the diseased branches were observed and the isolates from pycnidia and apothecia were identified as Cenangium ferruginosum by their morphological characteristics and the molecular techniques.