• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

Multi-beam echo sounder is more precise and efficient than single beam echo sounder relatively because it is able to survey a wide area with 3 times or 4 times swath width as much as the depth of water using multi-beam echo sounder. It is sure to be needed to control supplementary equipment accurately, however, because the principle of creation and measurement of the beam is elaborate and influenced a great deal by vessel's motion. We analyzed using visual and statistical methods in both sections of the depth of water where were the places of the center of the beam and ± 45° angles from the central beam to improve the precise of Multi-beam echo sounder in this study. In result, it was required to control supplementary equipment because of errors from the vibration of an inertia governor and misalignment of extra units. Therefore, we reduced the vibration from the vessel's engine by sticking rubbers to the inertia governor and measured the offset values of extra units accurately, converted them to the values of horizontal position and lined up. In result, the precise in sounding the depth at the place of ± 45° from the center of the beam was improved from the level of the 1st order to the special order in a hydrographic survey of the IHO S44 standards and a phenomenon of ripple patterns in the overlapped area by misalignment was decreased remarkably.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.284-291
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• 1997

This study was conducted to evaluate the optimum hydroponic system and nutrient solution for shortening the early growth period and quality improvement of dendrobium ( Dendrobium Phalaenopsis) seedlings. Dendrobium seedlings with 3 to 4 leaves were transplanted in the deep flow technique(DFT) system, aeroponic system, and ebb and flow system with different concentration of balanced nutrient solutions recommended by the Japanese Horticultural Experiment Station. Growth characteristics of shoot and root were recorded and evaulated among treatments. For autumn cultivation, plant height was the longest at the DFT system with quarter concentration of nutrient solution, where aeroponic system with half concentration of nutrient solution. Aeroponic system stimulated the root growth but fresh weight was observed in the plots of DFT system. For spring cultivation, pH values increased up 7.5 at the DFT and aeroponic system, where EC values did not fluctuate regardless of cultural system. Ebb and flow system showed the best result in the growth of plant followed by BFT system and aeroponic system. Higher concentration of nutrient solution within this range of treatment was recommended for the growth promotion of leaf length and width in DFT system. In conclusion, growth responses differed depending on the cultural system, concentrations of nutrient solutions and duration of cltivation.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 2004

Objective of this research was to evaluate the effects of nutrient solution strength and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF, Glomus sp.) on growth and flowering of potted miniature rose (Rosa hybrids L. cv 'Scarlet'). To achieve this, plants cultured with six different strength of Japanese Horticultural Experiment Station solution (0.125, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and $4.0\;{\times}\;{full}$ strength) and inoculated with AMP at cutting and transplanting. Leachate EC increased as solution strength were elevated. The leachate EC were not different between non-inoculated plants and AMF treatment at cutting, but significantly decreased when plants were inoculated with AMF at transplanting. The elevated strength of nutrient solution resulted in decrease of leachate pH. When plants were inoculated AMF at transplanting, leachate pH was lower than those of non-inoculated plants and inoculated with AMF at cutting. At harvesting (93 days after transplanting), plant height, leaf width, number of branches and shoot fresh and dry weight of rose 'Scarlet' increased with elevated nutrient solution strength. AMF treatment at transplanting of potted rose 'Scarlet' showed the best results in growth such as chlorophyll content, number of flowers, and shortening the days required to flower. The content of N, P, K, and Mn in leaf tissue of potted rose increased by elevated nutrient solution strength and AMF treatment, while the tissue Na contents decreased by an AMF treatment.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.258-263
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of number of the lower scaffold limbs on tree growth, light penetration, fruit yield, and fruit quality in slender spindle in 6-year-old 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees. With regard to the growth by the numbers of the lower scaffold limbs, the width of the tree was wide and the growth of new shoots was increased when the number of the lower scaffold limbs was five. Compare with other treatments, five lower scaffold limbs showed high light-interception on the upper (150 cm above the ground) and middle (100 cm above the ground) canopy. There was no difference in the total number of the flower buds of the spurs according to the number of scaffold limbs, but the number and cross section area of flower bud on the lower canopy (120 cm above the ground) were increased where the number of the lower scaffold limbs was five. Fruit yield was highest in the treated with five lower scaffold limbs and fruit weight tended to increase where the number of the lower scaffold limbs was five or eight. With regard to fruit quality, there showed no difference in fruit shape index, firmness, acid content, Hunter L and b value according to the location of canopy and the number of the lower scaffold limbs, but the content of soluble solids was highest treated with five lower scaffold limbs. Hunter a value indicating fruit color was found to be highest treated with five lower scaffold limbs whose light interception was highest.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2007

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of nutrient solution strength on the growth of miniature multiflora P. amabilis and P. Taisuco Red Jewel at two growth stages during four months cultivation in an ebb and flow system. Early stage plants gained the biggest leaf length and width when nutrient solution strength was EC 0.5 or $1.0dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in P. amabilis, and EC $1.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in P. Taisuco Red Jewel. Root length and weight were the greatest when nutrient solution strength was EC $0.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in both cultivars and this trend was also found in middle stage plants. Fresh and dry weights of leaves increased as nutrient solution strength was elevated and were the greatest when nutrient solution strength was EC $1.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ in P. amabilis. On the contrary elevation of nutrient solution strength decreased fresh weight of roots, being the greatest when nutrient solution strength was EC $0.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$. This trend was also found in P. Taisuco Red Jewel and P. amabilis at middle growth stage. The T/R ratio and chlorophyll content increased with nutrient solution strength and were the greatest regardless of cultivar and growth stage when nutrient strength was EC $1.5dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.2747-2753
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• 2011

In this paper, a PWM current-mode DC-DC boost converter for mobile phone flash application has been proposed. The converter which is operated with 5 Mhz high switching frequency is capable of reducing mounting area of passive devices such as inductor and capacitor, consequently is suitable for compact mobile phones. This boost converter consists of a power stage and a control block. Circuit elements of the power stage are inductor, output capacitor, MOS transistors and feedback resistors. Meanwhile, the control block consists of pulse width modulator, error amplifier, oscillator etc. Proposed boost converter has been designed and verified in a $0.5\;{\mu}m$ 1-poly 2-metal CMOS process technology. Simulation results show that the output voltage is 4.26 V in 3.7 V input voltage, output current 100 mA which is larger than 25 ~ 50 mA in conventional 500 Khz driven converter when the duty ratio is 0.15.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.173-182
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• 1998

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of plant growth inhibitors on "Penncross" creeping bentgrass in the green of golf course for increasing the summer quality. Chlormequat chloride (C) 250$\times$, 500$\times$, 1000$\times$, daminozide (D) 50$\times$, 100$\times$, 200$\times$, paclobutralzol (P) 1000$\times$, 2000$\times$, 4000$\times$, trinexpac-ethyl (T) 1000$\times$, 2000$\times$, 4000$\times$, uniconazole (U) 25$\times$, 50$\times$, 100$\times$ with three concentrations, respectively, were applied to creeping bentgrass. The leaf length, leaf width, and internode length of stolon were inhibited by all plant growth retardants applied as compared to that of control in which D-50, T-2000, and trinexpac-ethyl were the most effective among treatments on the inhibition of leaf length and internode length of stolen, respectively. Leaf thickness increased more in the treatments of C-250, D-50. T-2000 and T-4000 than any other treatments. On the other hand, shoot density which was represented by number of leaves per unit area was found to be the highest in P-2000 and P-4000 treatment. In this case, all plant growth retardants with no significant differences showed increase of 15-20% in density as compared to control. Total dry weight increment was higher in P-2000 and P-4000 while leaf dry weight increment was higher in T-4000. and U-25 and 50 than other treatments. According to the visual evaluation for the purpose of turf quality measurement, it was found that paclo-butralzol, trinexpac-ethyl and uniconazole were not suitable for green maintenance and extension because of making leaves to yellow. In conclusion, it was postulated that C-250, D-50, and T-4000 had possibility to use practically in the green area of golf course.lf course.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.58-67
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• 1993

The author obtained index of red cell volume distribution width(RDW) and other red cell indices in 210 patients of various hematoncologic conditions and 200 healthy control group using, an automated blood analyzer, Coulter Counter Model S-plus II. This study performed to classify various etiologic anemia based on the MCV and RDW, to evaluate availability to the differential diagnosis in korean anemic distoders somewhat different from etiologies of anemias in foreginers. In the most of cases, the increase or decrease of MCV were always combined the pararell changes of MCH and MCHC. But the values of MCV and RDW were not correlated in control group and patient group. So the terms of heterogenous of homogenous anemia were meaningful morphologic classification than hypochromic or normochromic anemia. The heterogenous microcytic anemia contained iron deficiency anemia. In heterogenous normocytic anemia, myelophthisic anemia, acute leukemia were contained. In heterogenous macrocytic anemia, megaloblastic anemia, hemolytic anemia were contained. The homogenous microcytic anemia was observed in anemia of chronic disorders. In homogenous normocytic anemia, acute blood loss, chronic leukemia, multiple myeloma were contained. The aplastic anemia was belonged to homogenous macrocytic anemia. The diagnostic significance of RDW in hemoglobinopathies is most important. But this study was not contained hemoglobinopathies. Instead RDW was very helpful to differential diagnosis of most common anemias, iron deficiency anemia and anemia due to chronic disorders in Korea.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.40-49
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• 2014

Objectives: The gastric ulcer is a common disorder of the stomach and duodenum. The basic physiopathology of a gastric ulcer results from an imbalance between some endogenous aggressive and cytoprotective factors. This study examined whether Ganoderma lucidum pharmacopuncture (GLP) would provide protection against acute gastric ulcers in rats. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into 4 groups of 8 rats each: normal, control, normal saline (NP) and GLP groups. The experimental acute gastric ulcer was induced by using an EtOH/HCl solution and the normal group received the same amount of normal saline instead of ethanol. The NP and the GLP groups were treated once with injections of saline and GLP, respectively. Two local acupoints were used: CV12 (中脘) which is the alarm point of the Stomach Meridian, and ST36 (足三里), which is the sea point of the Stomach Meridian. The stomachs from the rats in each group were collected and analyzed for gross appearance and histology. Also, immunohistochemistry staining for BAX, Bcl-2 and TGF-${\beta}1$ was performed. Results: Histological observations of the gastric lesions in the control group showed comparatively extensive damage of the gastric mucosa and necrotic lesions had penetrated deeply into the mucosa. The lesions were long, hemorrhagic, and confined to the glandular portions. The lesions were measured microscopically by using the clear depth of penetration into the gastric mucosal surface. The length and the width of the ulcer were measured and the inhibition percentage was calculated. Wound healing of the acute gastric ulcer was promoted by using GLP, and significant alterations of indices in gastric mucosa were observed. Such protection was shown by gross appearance, histology and immunohistochemistry staining for BAX, Bcl-2 and TGF-${\beta}1$. Conclusion: These results suggest that GLP administered at CV12 and ST36 can provide significant protection to the gastric mucosa against an ethanol-induced acute gastric ulcer.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.194-201
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• 2014

This paper is able to be solved by improving degradation in multi-path environment by adjust beam pattern angle through modifying pulse phase of each antennas by using TRM (Transmitter Receiver Module). Beam Scanning Array Antenna, which is transmitter/receiver that improves degradation in multi-path environment without any signal distortion, is designed and manufactured. Beam Scanning Array Antenna should be able to send/receive signal at the antenna's longitudinal part without distortion and should not influences other systems. Also, it should include target detecting ability by beam steering.Dispersion characteristic of Beam Scanning Antenna, which is designed, is analysed by using fidelity, and steering and radar resolution performance is verified by using $1cm{\times}1cm$ sized target. To manufacture Beam Scanning Array Antenna, control board and GUI, which is able to control Vivaldi Antenna for IR-UWB, Tri-Band Wilkinson power divider, and TRM (Transmitter Receiver Module), is designed. Throughout this research, developed Beam Scanning UWB Array Antenna system is adoptable for radar application field. and time domain analysis techniques by using network analyser made the antenna characteristics analysis for setting up antenna more accurate. In addition, it makes beam width checking without difficulties.