• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.134-139
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• 2014

The aim of this study was to establish the condition of regeneration for white balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum DC. cv. Jangback) and to manage for the raising of seedling with in vitro regenerated plants. It was examined that 0.5 mg/L of NAA and 1.0 mg/L of BA was the best composition for the callus and shoot induction (up to 600%). NAA was better than IBA for the induction of root and it took 16.9 days for the induction of rooting on the MS soild media containing 0.5 mg/L of NAA and the final rooting ratio was up to 75%. Out of 5 different bed soils purchased from local market, "Tosil" was identified to be the best for the acclimation and growth of in vitro regenerated balloon flower. In detail, on 8 weeks after planting of in vitro regenerated plants in pots containing "Tosil" bed soils, the plant hight was increased up to 2-fold (12.8 cm), 3.5-fold (27) for the number of leaf and 1.5-fold (4.5 cm) for the leaf length when compared to the other four bed soils, respectively. Our preliminary results indicate that it is possible to prevent the occurrence of blue balloon flower in the massive cultivated area of white balloon flower by providing the seedlings raised from in vitro regenerated plants.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 1994

The seasonal flower, leaf and fruit color characterlstics of deciduous woody landscape plants were investigated through the field survey in Suwon, Korea from January 1, 1992 toMarch 20, 1993.The results were as follows ;1. There were 12 cases in the combination of leaf spreading, anthesis, deblossom, fruit coloring,fruit falling, fall foliage coloring and leaf falling of deciduous woody landscape plants(163 spe-cies) investigated. And species of the leaf spreading, anthesis, deblossom, fall foliage coloringand leaf falling were 71(43.9%). And species of the leaf spreading, anthesis, deblossom,fruit coloring, fall foliage coloring, leaf falling and fruit falling were 40(24.5% ).2. The total continuing period of the flowering, fall foliage coloring and fruit coloring of decid-uous woody landscape plants(79 species) investigated varied from 2 months to more than 9months. And the species over 3 months below 4 months were 23(29.2%).3. There were 24 cases in the combination of color of flower, fall foliage and fruit of deciduouswoody landscape plants(79 species) investigated. And the species of the white flower, red fall fo-liage and red fruit were 16(20.3% ).

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.539-542
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• 2009

A new gerbera variety "Pink Swan" was released by the National Horticultural Research Institute (NHRI) in 2007. A cross was made between "Royal" with orange and single and 'Himalaya' with white and semi-double in 2004. After investigation of the characteristics for 4 years (from 2004 to 2007), it was selected specially for the use of cut-flower. "Pink Swan" is a vigorous medium-sized cultivar with pink (RHS R48D), yellow green center and semi-double. The average flower diameter is 10.6 cm. And inner ray floret and disc diameter is 5.99cm and 1.83cm, respectively. It produces a large yield with continuous supply of flowers and has adequate peduncle height. We believe that "Pink Swan" has a great potential for expanding cultivated area of domestic gerbera cultivar and increasing farmers-income.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.490-494
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• 2008

A new spary chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum) cultivar 'Eye Ball' was developed from a cross between 'Rima' and 'Yen' followed by selections of seedlings and lines at the Flower Rearch Institute, Gyeongnam Agricultural Research and Extension Services (ARES) from 2002 to 2006. Its characteristics were investigated three times from 2004 to 2006 under forcing culture in spring and retarding culture in autumn. The natural flowering time of 'Eye Ball' was October 20th, but year-round production was possible by shading and lighting. Its flower was 3.1cm in diameter, and had 38.4 petals and 26.8 flowers per stem in autumn. Its petal was narrow (0.4 cm) and pink with green in color at the flower center. To flower in the short day condition, for 'Eye Ball' was about 47 days in spring, and 'Eye Ball' showed a vase life of 20.9 days in autumn. This cultivar was registered for a commercialization in 2007. 'Eye Ball' would be cultured under the greenhouse and rain shelter condition in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.159-163
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• 2008

A New spary chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum) cultivar 'Water Fog' was bred by open pollination of 'Angaesoguk'. Its characteristics were investigated three times from 2004 to 2006 under forcing culture in spring and retarding culture in autumn. The natural flowering time of 'Water Fog' was 24 October, but year-round production was possible by shading and lighting. It had flower diameter of 2.3 cm, 46.5 petals and 34.4 flowers per stem in autumn. The petal was narrow(0.4cm) and the color of petal was white with presence of green at flower center. Days to flower from short-day start for 'Water Fog' was about 48 in spring. 'Water Fog' showed the vase life of 22.6 days in autumn. This cultivar was registered for a commercialization in 2007. 'Water Fog' would be cultured under greenhouse and rain shelter condition in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.206-211
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• 2007

The sciaenid species, which has swimbladder, generates sounds by vibrating in its length wards when spawning or getting stimulus from something else. This research analyzed on sound frequency characteristics relatives to their swimbladder length of three sciaenid species, yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis), brown croaker(Miichthys miiuy), and white flower croaker(Nibea albiflora). As results, the dominant frequency for yellow croaker ranged over 38.08 to 141.60Hz in wide frequency band, and the averaged pulse duration expressed in $280.3{\pm}156.0ms$. For brown croaker, the dominant frequency ranged in 49.80 to 59.57Hz, and the averaged pulse duration was $129.1{\pm}36.9ms$. Moreover, the dominant frequency of white flower croaker ranged in 73.24 to 86.91Hz, and the averaged pulse duration was $88.0{\pm}15.9ms$, it has shorter pulse duration than any two species. Therefore, the dominant frequency relatives to swimbladder length of sciaenidae showed that it had widely resonant characteristics and long pulse duration as in shorter swimbladder length. Additionally, for white flower croaker, we could confirm their behavior and sounds in response to production of recorded sounds using underwater speaker.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.143-148
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• 2015

A new Dianthus cultivar 'URI 2010-6' was selected among F1 progenies from a cross between interspecific hybrid 'Evergreen Emerald' as the seed parent and D. chinensis ' Ruby' as the pollen parent. In 2007, the cross w as made, and the seedlings of $F_1$ progenies were obtained and investigated. After three rounds of characteristic evaluation from 2008 to 2010, a clone was selected and registered as 'URI 2010-6' at the Korea Seed and Variety Service (plant variety protection number: 4431) in 2011. The flower of 'URI 2010-6' is caryophyllaceous, single type, and mainly bright red (Red, N79C) with secondary white (White, N155C) on the edge or as spots on the petal. The flower has diameter of 2.7 cm and length of 0.8 cm. This cultivar blooms continuously about 150 d on average and may be used as evergreen plant during winter months.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.304-308
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• 2008

Lilium longiflorum 'Charm' as a $F_1$ hybrid cultivar was released by crossing inbred line '$L_2$-14' and '$L_2$-21' which were obtained from 5 self crosses originated from 'Nellie White', 'Ace' and 'Hinomoto'. The growth and flowering characteristics were evaluated in a greenhouse maintained at a minimum of $13^{\circ}C$ at night during winter in 2006 and 2007. The flower of 'Charm' is white color and horizontal-facing. The flower number of a plant and its diameter is 7.4 and 16.5 cm with 24.5 ornamental(flowering) days. The plant height is 60.3 cm with 70.3 number of leaves. The stem diameter and internode length is 1.2 cm and 1.1 cm, respectively, meaning the plant is compact and sturdy. And the number of seed per a capsule is 251.1. The results of these evaluation, therefore, suggest that seedling Lilium longiflorum 'Charm' can be used as a pot plant due to its short stems, many number of flowers per plant, long ornamental period, strong growth habit with many leaves and thick stem diameter.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.297-302
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• 1999

This study was carried out to find morphological characters of flower and its distribution in mixed population of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas. In distribution of flowering periods, early, medium, and late matured type were 18%, 56%, and 26%, respectively. Flowering duration was less than eight days in 9% of flowers. In next 9 to 11 days, 12 to 14 days and more than 15 days showed, 50%, 37% and 4% respectively. For flower sizes, small size below 9cm diameter were 11%, medium size between 9 to 13cm diameter and large size above 13cm diameter were 65% and 24%, respectively. Among six kinds of flower colors - red, red pink, pink, light pink, pale yellow and white, pink color flowers was dominant, showed 56%. In flower types, single flower was 76%, and anemone, crown, bomb and japanese types were also present. Flower stem diameter were positively correlated with flowering duration, flower size and number of stamens, and negatively correlated with number of stamens and pistils, number of pistils and petals.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.789-795
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• 2015

The new garden chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat.) cultivar 'Nuri Ball' was developed at Yesan Chrysanthemum Experiment Station of Chungcheongnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services in 2011. 'Nuri Ball' was bred through a cross between the '02-145-01' line as the female parent with yellow flower color and '02-04-32' as the male plant with white flower color in 2004. Three years of adaptation trials were conducted from 2006 to 2009 under natural conditions. This study compared the external shape type with that of 'White Miri' and conducted ploidy and RAPD (Random amplified polymorphic DNA) marker analyses. These tests showed that 'Nuri Ball' cultivar has its own characteristics compared with the control 'White Miri'. 'Nuri Ball' was a shrub type variety with semi-double flowers of 4.0 cm in width with white petals. It could produce 1025.2 flowers per plant in autumn. Compared with the control 'White Miri', 'Nuri Ball' was similar in terms of shape and color of flowers, but was different in flower size and number. The natural flowering time of 'Nuri Ball' was late September. It had very vigorous growth and an early budding plant. 'Nuri Ball' was demonstrated to be a new cultivar based on ploidy test and RAPD analysis. 'Nuri Ball' is intended for use as a bed chrysanthemum and expected to contribute to farm incomes in landscaping.