• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2009

The peculiarity pointed out for high strength concrete is the occurrence of spalling during a fire. Recently, there are many efforts such as development of all types of spalling reducing materials and other innovative materials in various fields. Need is now to examine the adequate mixing proportions of these materials. This study intended to derive experimentally and statistically mix proportions that can represent the basic quality requirements as well as the optimal effects on the fire-resistance for 4 types of functional materials that are metakaolin, waste tire chip, polypropylene fiber and steel fiber. Here, the tests were planned through an optimal test method using an orthogonal array table with 4 parameters and 3 levels. The statistical analysis adopted the response surface analysis method. Results verified mutual complementary contribution between the materials when using a combination of the functional materials selected as parameters for the strengthening of the fire-resistance of 80 MPa-class high strength concrete. Besides, the optimal conditions of the fire-resistance strengthening materials derived through response surface analysis were a volumetric replacement of silica fume by 80% of metakaolin, a volumetric replacement of fine aggregates by 3% of tire waste chip, and an addition of 0.2% of the whole volume by polypropylene fiber without mixing of steel fiber. In such cases, the basic characteristics as well as the fire-resistant characteristics of high strength concrete were also satisfied.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.169-183
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• 2010

Image-based traffic information collection systems have entered widespread adoption and use in many countries since these systems are not only capable of replacing existing loop-based detectors which have limitations in management and administration, but are also capable of providing and managing a wide variety of traffic related information. In addition, these systems are expanding rapidly in terms of purpose and scope of use. Currently, the utilization of image processing technology in the field of traffic accident management is limited to installing surveillance cameras on locations where traffic accidents are expected to occur and digitalizing of recorded data. Accurately recording the sequence of situations around a traffic accident in a freeway and then objectively and clearly analyzing how such accident occurred is more urgent and important than anything else in resolving a traffic accident. Therefore, in this research, existing technologies, this freeway attribute, velocity changes, volume changes, occupancy changes reflect judge the primary. Furthermore, We pointed out by many past researches while presenting and implementing an active and environmentally adaptive methodology capable of effectively reducing false detection situations which frequently occur even with the Gaussian Mixture model analytical method which has been considered the best among well-known environmental obstacle reduction methods. Therefore, in this way, the accident was the final decision. Also, environmental factors occur frequently, and with the index finger situations, effectively reducing that can actively and environmentally adaptive techniques through accident final judgment. This implementation of the evaluate performance of the experiment road of 12 incidents in simulated and the jang-hang IC's real-time accident experiment. As a result, the do well detection 93.33%, false alarm 6.7% as showed high reliability.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.12
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• pp.1-14
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to analyze the current states of interior design as a major at vocational high schools and to suggest ways in which it can be improved. Three hundred and four students and twelve teachers of two vocational high schools comprised the sample population for this study. Data was collected using two methods, questionnaires and interviews. Frequency distribution, mean, and chi-square tests were used to analyze the data. The findings of this study are as follows: The student respondents were more interested in studying residential design, furniture design and making, drafting and perspective drawing than other areas of study. Most teachers had difficulties teaching the subject of residential design because they were not well educated with this area. Surprisingly most students hoped to extend their education to a university or college after graduation, not to enter the workforce. According to teachers'responses, almost ninety percentage of students entered university or college. And more than two thirds of the students desired to study an interior design related major at the university level. Among graduates having jobs, half of them were working in interior design fields. If the students had to choose their jobs, they would work in interior design fields. The variables differentiating several related careers after graduation were school, grade, and sex. The students viewed interior design, interior coordination, and CAD related work as fields likely to enter upon graduating from vocational high schools; however, teachers viewed furniture making, interior accessorizing, and home fashion as fields more appropriate to the students'level of training. The teacher respondents criticized the textbooks in four categories; suitability with the students'level was average or below average; students'interest level and students'understanding level were average or above average; and whether the book was easy or difficult to be utilized for the purposes of teaching was also average or above average. The criticism was a little diverse depending on each book or each chapter. The teachers pointed out several problems using those books, such as insufficient examples or explanation, lack of coherence between some chapters, and an incompatibility with the allotted time frame in class. The merits of the textbooks varied such as a well organized structure, ability to generate students'interest. This study revealed that the strategy for improving the interior design major at vocational high schools should invoke, 1) dividing students into two groups-one to enter a university; the other to have jobs after graduation to focus their interests. 2) improving textbooks more appropriate to the students. 3) providing present teachers the opportunities for in-service training and hiring new teachers with credentials more suitable to educate students who desire to be interior designers.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.44-73
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• 2000

I examined throughout where Sa Gi Gang Boo Byung Hyung(邪氣藏府病形) was shown. It is shown in many books, such as Young Chu(靈樞), Kab Eul Kyung(甲乙經), Nan Kyung(難經), Yu Kyung(類經), etc. Sa Gi Gang Boo Byung Hyung got its name by how its contents pointed to the mechanism of getting harmed by Sa Gi(邪氣), and the forms of diseases which were led from five organs and six hollow viscera getting harmed by Sa Gi(邪氣). Sa Gi Gang Boo Byung Hyung is divided into three chapters which are divided altogether into nine sections. The first chapter is on the mechanism of Sa Gi(邪氣)' s harming the five organs and the six hollow viscera. Going into details, it discusses that Sa Gi has got two different ways which are divided into Yum Yang(陰陽) to harm the organs and the hollow viscera. Next, it discusses how faces can endure the cold that well. The second chapter is on the essences such as symptoms, face colors, shapes of pulse, and conditions on the interior part of the elbow. In the first section, it discusses how figures, colors and pulses relate together. In the second section, it discusses different diseases have different pulses and conditions on the interior part of the elbow. The third section is on forms of diseases in five organs and six hollow viscera. The third chapter is on acupuncture. The first section is about acupuncturing six channels. The second is about acupuncture points which is compared to the sea by its function. The third is about the forms of diseases with discussing symptoms and acupuncture points. The forth is about the essence of acupuncture. The ten different pulses of each five organs, and the masses of five organs in Nan Kyung(難經), and Jang Bu Mak Jin Beob(臟腑脈診法) in Eu Hak Yib Moon(醫學入門) are based on 'The six different pulses of each five organs' which is shown in the third section, second chapter. Besides, it plays an important role in study and it can play an important role as well in doctoring such as inspecting, taking pulses and so on. Thus, I found Sa Gi Gang Boo Byung Hyung worth while to study. But, Sa Gi Gang Boo Gyung Hyung was written in ancient letters and was omitted in many parts, which led successive doctors to write different explanatory notes. Thus, I researched the exact meaning through successive explanatory notes.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.135-159
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• 1997

Education effect on women's participation in the labor market has been known to be small in Korea. Then, the meaning of women's education as human capital needs to be questioned. Both the increasing desire for working among women and the criticism to under-utilization of women's education in the labor market reflect that women's education is surely perceived as human capital. However, women's education dose not seem to function well as human capital in the labor market. According to previous studies, it is pointed out that educational effect on women's participation in the labor market is weak but the effect on earnings is evident. There were few attempts to evaluate economic returns to women's education over the life-cycle analyzing both working and non-working women. Considering that the economic behaviors of women in nonagricultural sector have changed little until the mid-1980s, I tried to examine the meaning of education as human capital over the women's life cycle using cross - sectional data. This study shows that the educational effect on women's participation in the labor market does not exist and the working period is very short. Although the educational effect on earnings among working women is clearly shown, it tends to limited to younger women. Despite the educational effect on earnings among younger women, the meaning of education as human capital among Korean women does not hold well due to short working period and the low participation of the educated in the labor market.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2022

QM7 cell, a quail muscle cell line, has been used in various studies. In cell culture, it is well known that the culture medium has a significant influence on cell growth and maintenance of cell characteristics. This study aimed to adjust the culture medium to make it more suitable for QM7 muscle cells. A culture medium was prepared by adding 2% chicken serum (CS) instead of 10% tryptose phosphate broth (TPB) to the conventional culture medium. In the culture medium prepared with CS, the QM7 muscle cells changed from a pointed, thin to a broader shape. In addition, they grew and divided more rapidly in the new culture medium than in the conventional culture medium. The number of cells increased faster in the CS-containing culture medium from day two after passaging, and significantly increased from day three. The muscle cells grown in the medium containing CS maintained their undifferentiated state prior to differentiation. Myotubes formed well when the cells were maintained in CS-containing medium, resulting in a longer length and uniformity. According to the above results, it is clear that the culture of QM7 myocytes using a medium containing CS rather than TPB helps obtain better results in cell maintenance and differentiation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.59-70
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• 2013

This study was to suggest cultural landscape preservation, value creation, as well as utilization plan to help landscape development of Hahoe village by identify the existence of Okyeonsipyeong(玉淵十詠) natural features, which were set around Buyongdae(芙蓉臺) in Hahoe Village by Seoae(西崖) Ryu, Seongryong(柳成龍), and understanding their characteristics and meanings of natural features and meanings. Based on the writings of "Okyeonseodanggi" and "Okyeonsipyeong", the major results of this study are as belows. 'Okyeon(玉淵)' letters carved on the rocks, also known as the name of pavilion in Okyeonjeongsa(玉淵精舍), is the center of Okyeonsipyeong that symbolizes the enlightenment of clean noble man, as well as the symbolic locational expression of studying room. One of Okyeonsipyeong, 'Wansimjae', is assumed to be the name from the combination of two Buddhist names, 'Wanjeok(玩寂)' and 'Seshim(洗心)', 'Dangho(堂號)', lined on both sides with Wonlakjae, the residence of Seoae, as the center. Wansimjae is after all the natural feature indicating the overall Okyeonjeongsa as the core of Okyeonsipyeong with west edge Gyeomamjeongsa(謙巖精舍). Among ten Okyeonsipyeong natural features, Wansimjae(玩心齋), Ganjukmun(看竹門), Gyeomamsa(謙菴舍), Dalgwandae(達觀臺), Ssangsongae(雙松厓), and Dohwacheon (桃花遷) are on the right side of the stairway from Okyeonjeongsa to Gyeomamjeongsa, while Chuwoldam(秋月潭), Neungpadae(凌波臺), Gyeseonam(繫船巖), and Jijuam(砥柱巖) are on the road to the cliff under river cliff in Buyongdae as well as to the dock, and all are located within 500m radius close and diameter area. As the results of lexeme and context analyses of Okyeonsipyeong poet, they are mainly about Confucian teachings symbolizing the constancy of the classical scholar including ego becoming one with the nature and back to the nature, unworldliness and farsighted view, transcendence and seclusion, as well as integrity spirit. In Dohwacheon and Gyeomamsa poets, there is Tao characteristics and brotherhood that pursue fairylands such as Mooreungdowon(武陵桃源). To create tourism brand and landscape of Okyeonsipyeong, it is necessary to prepare storytelling plans including the letters carved on the rocks introduction in Buyongdae area, and also synopsis of the Silgyeongsusang musical, 'Buyongjiae(芙蓉之愛)' that is related to 10 natural features. In addition, the related plans of the experience road from Gyeseonam, which is the boat stop in Buyongdae, to Ganjukmun of Okyeonjeongsa, and again to viewing routes on the stairways to Gyeomamjeongsa using boats are necessary. For preliminary preservation and maintenance plans, the safety of the stairway from Okyeonjeongsa to Gyeomamjeongsa should be secured, the rock inscription should be preserved, landscape interpretation plates should be installed, trees and shrubs around Dohwacheon rock inscription should be removed, Dalgwandae letters carved on the rocks should be restored, and the bamboo forest outside Ganjukmun as well as Prunus persica plantation around Dohwacheon should be pointed out.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.14
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• pp.367-388
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• 2007

Some of individuals working at various fields of security guard are given the legal right to use a gun to cope with expected risks and crimes. Not only in Korea but also throughout the world, a pistol is being used as a device for the workers of security guard such as the army, the police and intelligence agencies to keep the law and social order. A pistol, which is regarded as the last safety measure of security guard, is easy to carry but, because of its short barrel for high portability, its hit ratio and long-range shooting performance are much lower than ordinary guns. Despite such weak points, a pistol can be a great tool because of its high portability and if the users make steady efforts to improve their skills and, for this reason, it has been being used widely until now. National agency workers' pistol shooting skills depend on several important factors, but for the fast and accurate shooting, the mot important factor is how to aim at the target. Because it takes a relatively longer time to align the sight on the target, the change of the sight alignment method is expected to improve pistol shooting skills a lot. In Korea, however, most of national agency training centers teach the basic aiming method that crosses the foresight and the backsight and aligns the crossing to the target. That is, they teach the sight alignment method for fixed targets. Some agencies in Korea and foreign countries that have used guns more frequently and longer than us are teaching different sight alignment methods as well. Representative ones of them are aiming only with the foresight and pointing shooting. These aiming methods are expected to produce good results against moving targets. While the basic sight alignment method has to cross the foresight and the backsight and then to align the crossing to the target, so takes a longer time than other aiming methods, the other two aiming methods are expected to be effective in fields where both swiftness and accuracy are require. Because domestic agencies are teaching mainly the basic sight alignment method, the present study purposed to examine the effects of different aiming methods on shooting records and ultimately to contribute to national agency workers' operation. For this purpose, we selected 20 policemen from local police commandos under the National Police Agency who were accustomed to pistol shooting and measured their pistol shooting. According to the results, the pointed shooting method showed the best record in 5m short.range shooting. As to hit ratio in 15m shooting, which is relatively long.range for pistol shooting, the basic aiming method showed the best record, but the results of statistical analysis showed that pointed shooting is most superior. Of course, the results were obtained from a group who were used to and skillful in pistol shooting, but they are considered meaningful in that all the police and national agency workers should have such high shooting skills.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.163-187
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to explain information usage behavior of researchers in the field of ocean science and technology. The study mainly collected primary data for advancement of special library services as well as establishment of personalized information services based on personal characteristics such as age, education level, and area of research. The data collection was conducted for two weeks during January 2014, through a web survey to 348 researchers in national ocean research institutions in South Korea. Total of 115 researchers replied. The analysis showed that the most preferred type of information medium was a scholarly journal. Researchers used more foreign published journals compared to Korean ones, while favoring digital formats rather than printed ones. The top channels for information collection were 'web search' and 'affiliated libraries.' Most pointed out difficulties of data collection were 'lack of variety of digital resources in affiliated libraries' and 'reluctance to use charged information.' Key elements for satisfactory user experience were ranked in the order of 'digital library system,' 'library staff,' and 'library collection' and so on;which proves the close relationship between library service and information usage service satisfaction. The result of an assessment for demands in special libraries showed that 'personalized information search service,' 'project support service,' and 'research direction analysis service' should be implemented in the future.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.35-45
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• 2013

Purpose. Based on the comparison and analysis with those of United States, the aim of this research is to find the problems in current management, operation and future directions of emergency medical service (EMS) fund in S. Korea and to provide basic resources and appropriate measures to make a right decision in policies for EMS fund. Methods. Data from Ministry of Health and Welfare and other various sources during 1995 to 2012 were collected and analyzed. Results. From our analyses, several problems are identified in EMS fund operation. In brief, problems discerned are as follows. First, whereas the purpose and direction of EMS fund operations in United States are highlighted and focused on pre-hospital EMS system and associated infrastructures which need to be constructed, those of S. Korea are emphasized mainly on the in-hospital EMS system so far. Second, on the contrary to the fact that the EMS funds in United States are tuned to pre-hospital EMS system to provide prompt and efficient emergency care at the emergency scene of pre-hospital stage and to achieve the development, design, planning and demonstration projects for pre-hospital EMS systems, up to date, our investment of EMS funds demonstrated an excess biased inclination toward the construction of in-hospital EMS system, which is far from the realization of constructive and vital pre-hospital infrastructures. Third, while emergency medical technician is important and principal body in the management of emergency medical funds in United States, so far, no EMS funds in S. Korea existed for EMTs including the job condition, improved treatment and working environment for them. Conclusion. In conclusion, we strongly suggest that the problems pointed out must be revised and corrected. Current usage of EMS fund needs to be redirected predominatly to pre-hospital EMS system. Otherwise, unless current management and investment of emergency medical funds in S. Korea are applied and used for the vital necessities and demands of EMTs, public EMS units and private EMS units as well as related units in pre-hospital EMS system as in the cases of United States, in our consideration, they must be suspended or abolished.