• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.355-380
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to explore the lived experience of aging of the poor elderly and to identify suitable welfare policies on their behalf. For this purpose, I selected 16 participants from the criterion sampling of the impoverished elderly and conducted in-depth interviews, after which the collected data was analyzed using the phenomenological approach of Cloaizzi(1978). As a result, 27 themes, 10 clusters of themes, and 4 categories were pinpointed. The 4 categories are 'Facing death,' 'Becoming despondent in heart and mind,' 'Living a hard life,' and 'Going with the flow of life.' By integrating the meanings of these findings, the essence of the lived experience of aging of the poor elderly was to be, 'Self-sufficiency despite receiving welfare benefits from the government.' The lived experience of aging of the poor elderly was revealed as not being entirely based around dependency but rather around strongly independent and positive life attitudes. But also found were difficulties due to lack of living expenses required for survival, deep death anxieties, and life attitudes in the context of Confucian culture. Based on the study results above, I presented welfare policies for the poor elderly as outlined: implementation of social activities in order to encourage independence and positivity among the poor elderly, actualization of payment that meets at least the minimum costs of living, consolidation of psychological-emotional assistance, implementation of death-related education programs, and the compilation of a welfare policy manual for the impoverished elderly.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.127-153
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• 2004

In the absence of a male provider the state must decide how far and under what conditions it will provide for the mother and her children. In the case of lone mothers, there are three main possible sources of income: the labour market, the absent father, and the state. However, the relative proportions of these three sources vary significantly from country to country as well as from individual to individual within the group of lone parents. Until very recently the UK has been alone among countries of the EU in allowing lone parents to draw benefits without making themselves available for work so long as they have dependent children. However, in the 1990s, the UK government introduced major changes to his policies regarding lone parents. The UK government attempted to restrict the role of the state as a source of income for lone parent families. At the beginning of the 1990s, the emphasis in the UK was put on securing more money from 'absent fathers' to maintain. However, the policy was unsuccessful and by the mid-1990s attention to the only other possible source of income for lone parent families, the labour market, was stepped up, notwithstanding the ambivalence of politicians about the desirability of women with young children entering employment. From 1998 the Labour government introduced a series of reforms aimed at reducing both worklessness and poverty by raising welfare payments to families both in and out of work, improving financial incentives to work and introducing a more proactive welfare system. The results presented here suggest that these policies have raised the employment rates of lone parents by around 5 percentage points, or 80,000. These employment gains have come from a welfare reform package that does not require lone parents to search for jobs, or uses time limits in welfare programmes. In addition these gains have been achieved despite generous increases in welfare payments for lone parents who do not work. These earnings gains combined with the more generous welfare are making rapid progress in reducing lone parents' poverty.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.7-27
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• 1996

It is very costly to construct transportation facilities such as roads, bridges, tunnels, and public parking lots mainly because land price is very high in metropolis like Seoul. Private car oweners use these facilities more extensively than public transportation users. However, the government does not impose proper charges for using these facilities. Such improper charge causes traffic congestion and then decreases social welfare in efficiency and equity. To solve problem, many traffic demand management policies are used. Traffic management policies which are currently used or under consideration by the City Government of Seoul include the imposition of road tolls, increase of parking fees in public parking lots, increase of gasoline taxes, expanded implementation of bus only lanes, and shippujae, which requires one(1) non-driving day for 10 calendar days. This study examined the impacts of such policies on the different income classes using simulation analysis. We found that the impacts of market-oriented policies such as the imposition of road tolls and the increase of gasoline taxes is regressive. Also, we found that while the low and middle income private car users have incentive have incentive for public transportation use, the high income private car users have no incentive for public transportation use in many cases.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.57-67
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• 2013

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to explore coordination strategy through reviewing policies, action plans and acts related to diet, nutrition and obesity from many sectors in Korea, and to develop a possible multi-sectoral approach. Methods: Literature reviews and empirical findings for ongoing international and domestic policies/programs on diet, nutrition and obesity in Korea. Results: Central and local governments have various policies/programs and related acts to improve nutrition and to reduce obesity. Meanwhile, those governments' activities are frequently criticized to be more coordinated in order to achieve their aims. Activities on nutrition and obesity prevention have interdepartmental characteristics but are scattered through six Ministries (including the Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Employment and Labor, Ministry of Culture and Sports, and Ministry of Food/Drug Safety) and 27 Acts such as 'Nutrition Management Act', 'Health Promotion Act', 'Diet Education Support Act'. As a result, a number of areas, especially dietary guidance, nationwide surveys, education programs seem to overlap. Conclusions: Inter-ministerial coordination mechanism should be established to enforce multi-sectoral engagement and cooperation in implementing policies/programs on nutrition and obesity prevention. Furthermore, functions of the Ministries should be reorganized and coordinated in reference to other countries' experiences.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.201-211
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• 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to understand the role of specialists in child studies by analyzing child-related laws and policies and their service systems. Methods: We analyzed the aims, background, history, and related 5-year-plans in child-related laws and policies and their service delivery systems. Results: There were many difficulties in enforcing consistent policies. First, there was no unified age for implementing child and youth policy. Second, there was no comprehensive long-term policy. Third, many departments were involved. Conclusion: The study findings suggest the future role of specialists in child studies. First, they must take steps to introduce a monitoring system for the proper implementation of the first master plan for child policy. Second, they need to put effort into improving treatment of child-related workers. Third, they have to expand the academic area of child studies by reforming university curricula in a more pragmatic way. Fourth, the procedure to acquire different certifications in child studies and youth studies needs to be affiliated.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.273-302
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• 2006

The introduction of cash payments for care is a distinct trend that characterizes changes in care policies since the 1990s. Recently, many developed countries have newly introduced or extended cash payments for care that allow care users to be able to plan themselves for their cares instead of receiving direct care services from the state. Cash payments for care can be said to be one of the alternative policies by which user choices are extended, and it becomes possible to establish demand-cantered care delivery systems more economically and effectively, hence addressing the issue of the financial limitations and rigid systems that are common in modern welfare states, which make it difficult to response to various needs. However, the design and administration of cash for care vary across different countries. Such variations of cash for care policies influence on the combination of consumerism (based on liberal market values intrinsic in the care market) and citizenship based on social solidarity. Those variations eventually produce impacts on the balance of responsibilities and the roles of families, the state and market regarding care in other words, balancing of welfare pluralism. This paper has attempted to find general meanings and particularity of cash for care polices in modem welfare states by means of looking at the characteristics of cash for care policies of four different countries (Netherlands, France, Germany and Italy) and their impacts on their care market. If the four countries are ranked by the degree that they emphasize citizenship in light with social rights, the Netherlands, France, Germany and Italy could be placed in due order. From an economic point of view and in terms of cost containment, those countries will be placed in an inverse order, It is apparent that in the course of planting cash for care policies in the existing social systems involving different socio-cultural conditions and labour markets, sometimes more emphasis is placed on the citizenship of care users, family carers and care providers than on cost containment issue, and sometimes vice versa. Behind this lies the process of different social valuation on what care is about; who can better deliver care; who should be responsible for care; how responsibilities should be shared and so on.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.217-227
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• 2016

This paper analyzes whether social welfare services converge across the regions. We tested whether local social welfare services converge considering the congestion rate of local social welfare services during the 1985-2013 periods in Korea, using the sixteen higher level local governments panel data. The main findings are as follows. First, the absolute level of local social welfare services converge so that the -convergence exists. Second, the growth rate of local social welfare services increases as the intial level of local social welfare services is lower so that there exists -convergence. The policy implications of our findings are as follows. The local government had better consider the presence of local social welfare services in policy decision making. Also, fundamentally the social welfare policies had better be executed by the central government rather than local governments, since the national minimum welfare must be provided.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.247-256
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• 2014

"Artist Welfare Act" from the November 18, 2012 is being implemented. However, in the field of traditional culture and art the artists are the subject of a variety of policies by the newly launched Korean Artist Welfare Foundation Artists, but most of video production professionals are not aware of law enforcement and their legal status is ambiguous. This research raised the issue of poor video production workers welfare, and to seek the ways took a look at the key information of "Artist Welfare Act" and social issues. To this end, by in-depth interviews with video workers I analyzed the relationship between the parties, such as comments about the issues. Accordingly, a wide range of video production to reflect the welfare of workers in the "Artist Welfare Act" of the amendment shall be made. Above all, this should be reflected in measures to raise funds for artist welfare.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.91-112
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• 1997

This paper is mainly concerned with an understanding of spatial pattern of welfare by social indicators; thus an attempt for a social research is made to clarify spatial characteristics of welfare in Pusan through local welfare approach. The use of objective and subjective indicators simultaneously helps supplement the weakness which each of this indicators holds. The welfare level in Pusan showed various characteristics in the whole study area and in the all welfare sectors. Especially, the differences between objective and subjective welfare are found in the whole city. If the redistributional strategy is given to the priority among the welfare policies, it may be expected that the welfare level will be more equally distributed in Pusan.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.533-545
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• 2003

Purpose: This study investigated the situation of public health official training and suggested a scheme for improving central and local official training institutes, in order to improve the quality and quantity of training programs for central and local public health officials. Methods: This study examined training resources, design processes, content and methods of training programs of the Department of Health and Welfare Training in NIH and the fifteen city and provincial officials training institutes in 2002. Results: The central and the local officials training institutes didn't exchange information on public health training. NIH supplied various specialized training programs for senior and junior officials. However, city and provincial official training institutes supplied a few training programs for local public health officials. Conclusion: A mutually cooperative relationship is needed between central and local official training institutes to exchange information on public health official training. The Department of Health and Welfare Training in NIH as a central training institute has to develop training programs related to new public health policies, supply training programs for senior officials, and support local official training institutes. To satisfy the training demands of public health officials, the city and provincial official training institutes should increase the number of training programs for junior officials.